The effects of adding a six-month Pilates exercise program to three months of traditional community-based pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with COPD: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Pilates exercise may complement traditional pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective was to analyze the effects of adding a six-month Pilates exercise program to a three-month pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with COPD. Methods: Thirty-five participants with COPD (GOLD B) were assigned to the intervention (n=14) or control (n=21) group. Both groups received an initial three months of a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The intervention group further underwent six months of pilates. Participants were evaluated at baseline and at three, six, and nine months. Lung function and strength of respiratory muscles were defined as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included cardiac, physical function, and exacerbation episodes. Results: There were no consistent statistically significant differences between groups for the lung function outcomes (p\<0.05). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure increased significantly at three months in both groups (p\<0.05). It was significantly superior in the intervention group at nine months for maximal inspiratory pressure (p=0.005) and six and nine months for maximal expiratory pressure (p=0.027 and p\<0.001, respectively). Changes in muscle strength (knee extension and handgrip) were comparable between groups (p>0.05), but exercise-induced fatigue and balance were significantly superior in the intervention group at the six- and nine-month follow-ups (p\<0.05). Discussion: Pilates exercise programs may be implemented to augment traditional pulmonary rehabilitation with the goal of improving the strength of respiratory muscles. Conclusion: Adding a Pilates exercise program to pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in superior strength of respiratory muscles, higher resistance to exercise-induced fatigue, and improved balance.

A cross exploratory analysis between nursing working conditions and the occurrence of errors in the northeast region of Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: Analyze and verify the association between working conditions and the occurrence of errors in nursing work. BACKGROUND: Many of the known errors in nursing are based on the structural failure of the complex health service system. Our study addresses the question "Is there an association between errors made by nursing workers and working conditions?" METHODS: The study was carried out through a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 19 ethical-disciplinary processes focused on errors made by nursing workers. The articles were processed, judged, and archived at the Regional Nursing Councils of the Northeast Region of Brazil from 2000 to 2018. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to verify the relationship between the variables through multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The analyzes show that working conditions can interfere at occurrence in error. This increases the chance of an "inconsequential" error occurring for the patient in poor/very poor working conditions. The most serious errors, "with consequences irreversible" for the patient, only occur from more severe working conditions. Adversely, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of errors in hospitals (33.33 %) compared to "other places" (28.58 %) when these occurred in poor working conditions. When conducting the incident in poor working conditions, there was a minimum of 52 % protection OR = 0.48 % [0.16; 11.80]; (1-0.48)) against these errors in general in the nursing area. CONCLUSION: The strong association was exposed in working conditions classified as bad/very bad/very bad, resulting in the most serious errors and with irreversible consequences for patients. However, a level of protection for different types of workers was noticed in the field, which shows that there is hope that if the work environment changes with more organization, management, and standards of care, we can prevent future errors.

Home-based Virtual Reality Exercise Program During the Maintenance Stage of Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background: Home-based virtual reality technology may become an alternative to cardiac rehabilitation. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a specific, home-based exercise program, performed either through a virtual reality (Kinect) or a conventional format (booklet) in the maintenance stage of cardiac rehabilitation for six months on functional muscle strength of the lower limbs, physical activity and exercise tolerance. Methodology: This is a randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov — NCT02753829) with individuals with coronary artery disease from a hospital in Porto, Portugal, randomly allocated to an experimental group "1" (EG1; n = 11), submitted to a virtual reality exercise program (Kinect); an experimental group "2" (EG2; n = 11), submitted to an exercise program described in a booklet (conventional format); or a control group (CG) (n=11), submitted to routine care. Parameters of functional muscle strength of the lower limbs (sit-to-stand test), physical activity (accelerometer) and exercise tolerance (stress test) were assessed and compared between the groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, with 95% with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Significant improvements in functional muscle strength of the lower limbs were observed in EG1 compared to EG2, at three months (19.5 ± 7.7 versus 11.9 ± 4.7, p = 0.042), and at six months (23.0 ± 7.7 versus 14.6 ± 4.6, p = 0.027) of intervention. Conclusions: The program did not demonstrate superior results, in relation to the control group and among the different formats, in physical activity and effort tolerance. In relation to the functional muscle strength of the lower limbs, the virtual reality format showed significantly better results when compared to the conventional format only.

Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) Protects Mouse Skin against UVB-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Intense exposure to UVB radiation incites excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by a family of lipid molecules that includes AT-RvD1, a specialized proresolving lipid mediator (SPM). AT-RvD1 is derived from omega-3, which presents anti-inflammatory activity and reduces oxidative stress markers. The present work aims to investigate the protective effect of AT-RvD1 on UVB-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hairless mice. Animals were first treated with 30, 100, and 300 pg/animal AT-RvD1 (i.v.) and then exposed to UVB (4.14 J/cm2). The results showed that 300 pg/animal of AT-RvD1 could restrict skin edema, neutrophil and mast cell infiltration, COX-2 mRNA expression, cytokine release, and MMP-9 activity and restore skin antioxidant capacity as per FRAP and ABTS assays and control O2•- production, lipoperoxidation, epidermal thickening, and sunburn cells development. AT-RvD1 could reverse the UVB-induced downregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets GSH, catalase, and NOQ-1. Our results suggest that by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway, AT-RvD1 promotes the expression of ARE genes, restoring the skin's natural antioxidant defense against UVB exposition to avoid oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage.

Translocating Peptides of Biomedical Interest Obtained from the Spike (S) Glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2.

At the beginning of 2020, the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the fast sequencing of its genome to facilitate molecular engineering strategies to control the pathogen's spread. The spike (S) glycoprotein has been identified as the leading therapeutic agent due to its role in localizing the ACE2 receptor in the host's pulmonary cell membrane, binding, and eventually infecting the cells. Due to the difficulty of delivering bioactive molecules to the intracellular space, we hypothesized that the S protein could serve as a source of membrane translocating peptides. AHB-1, AHB-2, and AHB-3 peptides were identified and analyzed on a membrane model of DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. An umbrella sampling approach was used to quantify the energy barrier necessary to cross the boundary (13.2 to 34.9 kcal/mol), and a flat-bottom pulling helped to gain a deeper understanding of the membrane's permeation dynamics. Our studies revealed that the novel peptide AHB-1 exhibited comparable penetration potential of already known potent cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as TP2, Buforin II, and Frenatin 2.3s. Results were confirmed by in vitro analysis of the peptides conjugated to chitosan nanoparticles, demonstrating its ability to reach the cytosol and escape endosomes, while maintaining high biocompatibility levels according to standardized assays.

Effects of Abdominal Microcurrent in the Consumption and Proportion of Energy Substrates during Aerobic Exercise: A Pilot Study.

Microcurrent therapy can increase lipolytic activity. However, it is unknown if the increased availability of lipids can influence the selection of energy substrates during a single session of aerobic exercise. We aimed to analyze the effect of microcurrent application to the abdominal region in the consumption of lipids and carbohydrates, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during a single session of moderate aerobic exercise in young adults. A pilot study was conducted in which participants were allocated to intervention (IG) or placebo (PG) groups. In both groups, 40 min of microcurrent application with two frequencies (25 and 10 Hz) followed by 50 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (45−55% of heart rate reserve) on a cycloergometer were performed. The microcurrent application was performed without intensity in the PG. A portable gas analyzer (K4b2) was used during exercise in both groups. Thirty-eight participants (20.6 ± 1.8 years; 18 in IG and 20 in PG) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in the consumption of substrates or RER between the groups during exercise (p > 0.05). Microcurrent application seems to be insufficient to influence the consumption of energy substrates and RER during a single session of aerobic exercise in young adults.

Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs in Individuals With COPD.

BACKGROUND: Community-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs can be offered to patients with COPD, but the literature on its effects is still not well summarized. Our purpose was to investigate the health-, physical-, and respiratory-related effects of community-based PR in individuals with COPD as compared to control groups. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to May 17, 2021. We included randomized control trials that compared the effects of community-based PR as compared to control groups in individuals with COPD. The risk of bias was judged using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2). Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI of the mean changes from baseline between groups. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to interpret certainty of results. RESULTS: We included 10 randomized control studies comprising a total of 9,350 participants with weighted mean age of 62.3 ± 2.38 y. The community-based interventions were based on exercise programs (resistance and/or endurance). All studies were judged as high risk and/or some concerns in one or more domains the risk of bias. All meta-analyses displayed very low certainty of evidence. The community-based PR interventions were significantly superior to control interventions in improving the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire Activity subscore (-0.40 [95% CI -0.72 to -0.08]; k = 5, n = 382) and total score (-0.73 [95% CI -1.29 to -0.18]; k = 4, n = 268) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire dyspnea subscore (0.36 [95% CI 0.03-0.69]; k = 6, n = 550). The mean changes from baseline were not different between the groups for all other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based PR tended to result in superior health-related quality of life and symptoms than control interventions, but the findings were inconsistent across outcomes and with very low certainty of evidence. Further studies are warranted for stronger conclusions.

Reference Equation of a New Incremental Step Test to Assess Exercise Capacity in the Portuguese Adult Population.

Step tests are important in community- and home-based rehabilitation programs to assess patients' exercise capacity. A new incremental step test was developed for this purpose, but its clinical interpretability is currently limited. This study aimed to establish a reference equation for this new incremental step test (IST) for the Portuguese adult population. A cross-sectional study was conducted on people without disabilities. Sociodemographic (age and sex), anthropometric (weight, height, and body mass index), smoking status, and physical activity (using the brief physical activity assessment tool) data were collected. Participants performed two repetitions of the IST and the best test was used to establish the reference equation with a forward stepwise multiple regression. An analysis comparing the results from the reference equation with the actual values was conducted with the Wilcoxon test. A total of 155 adult volunteers were recruited (60.6% female, 47.8 ± 19.7 years), and the reference equation was as follows: steps in IST = 475.52 - (4.68 × age years) + (30.5 × sex), where male = 1 and female = 0, and r2 = 60%. No significant differences were observed between the values performed and those obtained by the equation (p = 0.984). The established equation demonstrated that age and sex were the determinant variables for the variability of the results.

Determinantes na produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem / Determinantes en la producción de error en el trabajo de enfermería / Determinants in the production of error in nursing work

Objetivo: analisar condições determinantes para a produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem. Método: pesquisa documental, analítica, qualitativa. Dados coletados em 19 processos ético-disciplinares, no período de 2000 a 2018, cujo objeto de denúncia foi o erro cometido por trabalhadoras em enfermagem. Empregou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temática proposta por Bardin e a Teoria da Produção Social interpretada por Carlos Matus. Resultados: as técnicas e auxiliares em enfermagem foram as trabalhadoras mais denunciadas; o erro de medicação foi o mais frequente; a precarização do trabalho foi condição determinante na ocorrência de erros nos processos analisados. Considerações finais: predominaram condições estruturais de produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem, permitindo refutar a noção hegemônica do erro como fenômeno moral no trabalho em enfermagem.

Objetivo: analizar condiciones determinantes para la producción de error en el trabajo en enfermería. Método: investigación documental, analítica, cualitativa. Datos recogidos en 19 procesos ético-disciplinarios, en el período de 2000 a 2018, cuyo objeto de denuncia fue el error cometido por trabajadoras en enfermería. Se empleó el Análisis de Contenido Temático propuesto por Bardin y la Teoría de la Producción Social interpretada por Carlos Matus. Resultados: las técnicas y auxiliares en enfermería fueron las trabajadoras más denunciadas; el error de medicación fue el más frecuente; la precarización del trabajo fue condición determinante en la ocurrencia de errores en los procesos analizados. Consideraciones finales: predominaron condiciones estructurales de producción de error en el trabajo en enfermería, permitiendo refutar la noción hegemónica del error como fenómeno moral en el trabajo en enfermería.

Objective: to analyze determinant conditions for the production of error in nursing work. Method: documentary, analytical, qualitative research. Data collected in 19 ethical-disciplinary processes, from 2000 to 2018, whose object of complaint was the mistake committed by nursing workers. The Thematic Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and the Theory of Social Production interpreted by Carlos Matus were used. Results: nursing techniques and assistants were the most reported workers; medication error was the most frequent; job precariousness was a determining condition in the occurrence of errors in the processes analyzed. Final considerations: structural conditions of error production in nursing work predominated, allowing refuting the hegemonic notion of error as a moral phenomenon in nursing work.

Caracterização da produção científica sobre erro no trabalho em saúde / Caracterización de la producción científica sobre error en el trabajo en salud / Characterization of scientific production on errors in health work

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre erro no trabalho em saúde no período de 2000 a 2020. Métodos Trata-se de revisão integrativa de literatura, de estudos nacionais e internacionais, realizada nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS/BIREME, PubMed e SciELO. Foram encontrados 4164 estudos, sendo 148 incluídos e submetidos a análise de conteúdo temática. As buscas foram realizadas no período de janeiro a março de 2020 e abril de 2021. Os resultados foram sistematizados em três categorias temáticas. Resultados Na categoria Características dos estudos sobre erros, evidenciou-se que as categorias profissionais mais frequentes na ocorrência do erro são enfermeiras(os), médicos e farmacêuticos; quanto à Características do erro no trabalho em saúde, os tipos mais relatados são erro de medicação, de diagnóstico e na assistência de enfermagem, incluindo queda de pacientes, flebites decorrentes de cateteres venosos periféricos, ocorrência de úlceras por pressão e extubação de drenos, cateteres e sondas; e no Contexto para a ocorrência do erro, foram identificados elementos individuais e do contexto do trabalho, destacando-se este último. Conclusão Evidenciou-se que a ocorrência de erros no trabalho em saúde ocorre em um contexto de precarização do trabalho, com processos de trabalho marcados pela heterogeneidade. A partir da compreensão de que os trabalhadores da saúde erram e que a precarização do trabalho potencializa a ocorrência de erros, faz-se necessário a reorganização dos sistemas de saúde para que sejam reduzidas as oportunidades para o acontecimento de erros e que sejam promovidos os aprendizados quando estes ocorrerem.

Resumen Objetivo Caracterizar la producción científica nacional e internacional sobre el error en el trabajo en salud en el período de 2000 a 2020. Métodos Se trata de una revisión integrativa de literatura, de estudios nacionales e internacionales, realizada en las bases MEDLINE, LILACS/BIREME, PubMed y SciELO. Se encontraron 4164 estudios y 148 fueron incluidos y sometidos a un análisis temático de contenido. Las búsquedas se realizaron en el período de enero a marzo de 2020 y abril de 2021. Los resultados fueron sistematizados en tres categorías temáticas. Resultados En la categoría Características de los estudios sobre errores, se evidenció que las categorías profesionales más frecuentes en la ocurrencia del error son enfermeras(os), médicos y farmacéuticos; con relación a las Características del error en el trabajo en salud, los tipos más relatados son error de medicación, de diagnóstico y en la asistencia de enfermería, incluyendo la caída de pacientes, flebitis resultantes de catéteres venosos periféricos, y ocurrencia de úlceras por presión y extubación de drenaje, catéteres y sondas; y en el Contexto para la ocurrencia del error, se identificaron elementos individuales y del contexto del trabajo, destacándose este último. Conclusión Se evidenció que la ocurrencia de errores en el trabajo en salud se da en un contexto de precarización del trabajo, con procesos de trabajo marcados por la heterogeneidad. A partir del entendimiento de que los trabajadores de la salud cometen errores y que la precarización del trabajo potencia la ocurrencia de errores, se hace necesario reorganizar los sistemas de salud para que se reduzcan las oportunidades de que los errores ocurran y que se promuevan los aprendizajes cuando estos ocurran.

Abstract Objective To characterize the national and international scientific production on errors in health work from 2000 to 2020. Methods This is an integrative literature review of national and international studies, carried out in the MEDLINE, LILACS/BIREME, PubMed and SciELO databases. A total of 4164 studies were found, 148 of which were included and submitted to thematic content analysis. The searches were carried out from January to March 2020 and April 2021. The results were systematized into three thematic categories. Results In the category Characteristics of studies on errors, it was evidenced that the most frequent professional categories in error occurrence are nurses, physicians and pharmacists; regarding Characteristics of error in health work, the most reported types are medication, diagnosis and nursing care errors, including patient falls., phlebitis resulting from peripheral venous catheters, occurrence of pressure ulcers and extubation of drains, catheters and probes; and in Context for error occurrence, individual elements and work context were identified, highlighting the latter. Conclusion It was evident that error in health work occurs in a context of precarious work, with work processes marked by heterogeneity. From the understanding that health workers make mistakes and that the precariousness of work enhances error occurrence, it is necessary to reorganize health systems so that the opportunities for errors to occur are reduced and that learning is promoted when they occur.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Type B Gelatin and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticles: Potential Applications as Bioactive Molecule Carriers and Cell-Penetrating Agents.

Gelatin and chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nanofood applications due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study proposed a highly efficient synthesis method for type B gelatin and low-molecular-weight (LMW) chitosan nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized by the double desolvation method and the chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) by the ionic gelation method. The sizes of the obtained CNPs and GNPs (373 ± 71 nm and 244 ± 67 nm, respectively) and zeta potential (+36.60 ± 3.25 mV and -13.42 ± 1.16 mV, respectively) were determined via dynamic light scattering. Morphology and size were verified utilizing SEM and TEM images. Finally, their biocompatibility was tested to assure their potential applicability as bioactive molecule carriers and cell-penetrating agents.

Protection against UVB deleterious skin effects in a mouse model: effect of a topical emulsion containing Cordia verbenacea extract.

Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) is a flowering shrub found along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Brazilian coast, and low areas of the Amazon. The crude extract of its leaves is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, both topically and orally. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of C. verbenacea ethanolic leaves extract (CVE) against UVB-triggered cutaneous inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. CVE treatment recovered cutaneous antioxidant capacity demonstrated by scavenging ABTS+ free radical and iron-reducing antioxidant potential evaluated by FRAP. CVE also controlled the following UV-triggered events in the skin: reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, catalase activity decrease, and superoxide anion (O⋅-) build-up. Furthermore, mice treated with CVE exhibited less inflammation, shown by the reduction in COX-2 expression, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, edema, and neutrophil infiltration. CVE also regulated epidermal thickening and sunburn cells, reduced dermal mast cells, and preserved collagen integrity. The best results were obtained using 5% CVE-added emulsion. The present data demonstrate that topical administration of CVE presents photochemoprotective activity in a mouse model of UVB inflammation and oxidative stress. Because of the intricate network linking inflammation, oxidative stress, and skin cancer, these results also indicate the importance of further studies elucidating a possible role of C. verbenacea in the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer and evaluating a potential synergy between CVE and sunscreens in topical products against UVB damaging effects to the skin.

Aspectos motivacionais relacionados à prática do método pilates / Motivational aspects related to the practice of the pilates method

O presente estudo objetiva identificar os aspectos motivacionais que levam os indivíduos a praticar o Método Pilates. Foi aplicado o questionário IMPRAFE-54 em 52 indivíduos adultos e idosos. Variáveis como sexo, faixa etária e tempo de prática foram consideradas. Para as comparações de grupos foram realizados teste T e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram que, de uma forma geral, a amostra se motiva pelo fator saúde seguido pelo prazer. A variável saúde apresentou diferença significativa entre idosos e adultos. Mulheres adultas se motivam mais pelo domínio estética quando comparadas às idosas. Homens adultos se motivam mais pelo domínio saúde quando comparados aos idosos. Entender os aspectos motivacionais relacionados à prática do Método Pilates pode contribuir para uma melhor intervenção diretamente associada à satisfação dos praticantes.

This study aims to identify the motivational aspects that lead individuals to practice the Pilates Method. The IMPRAFE-54 questionnaire was applied to 52 adult and elderly individuals. Variables such as sex, age group and time of practice were considered. For group comparisons, the T test and the Mann-Whitney test were performed. The results showed that, in general, the sample is motivated by the health factor followed by pleasure. The health variable showed a significant difference between the elderly and adults. Adult women are more motivated by the aesthetic domain when compared to the elderly. Adult men are more motivated by the health domain when compared to the elderly. Understanding the motivational aspects related to the practice of the Pilates Method can contribute to a better intervention directly associated with the satisfaction of practitioners.

Efeitos do método pilates sobre a capacidade funcional, fatores antropométricos, marcadores inflamatórios e qualidade de vida em idosas sedentárias / Effects of the pilates method on functional capacity, anthropometric factors, inflammatory markers and quality of life in sedentary elderly women

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos de exercícios físicos baseados no método Pilates solo sobre a capacidade funcional, fatores antropométricos, níveis de marcadores inflamatórios circulantes e a qualidade de vida em idosas sedentárias. Trata­se de um delineamento quase experimental com pré e pós teste. A amostra foi constituída por 33 mulheres idosas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Para avaliar a capacidade funcional (CF) foram utilizados os testes de velocidade de caminhada (VC) e de força de preensão manual (FPM). Para avaliar a presença de marcadores inflamatórios foram realizados exames laboratoriais a fim de quantificar os níveis séricos de proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) e fibrinogênio. E para avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) foi utilizado o questionário SF ­ 36. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste de normalidade Shapiro Wilk. Para os dados paramétricos teste t pareado e ANOVA one Way e, para os dados não paramétricos, o teste Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis. O teste Qui-Quadrado foi utilizado para analises de associações. Os dados foram analisados pelo no programa SPSS-IBM, versão 22.0 devidamente registrado. O nível de significância adotado foi de p≤0,05. O grupo Pilates não apresentou alterações estatisticamente significativas em relação à CF (p>0,05), porém as demais variáveis apresentaram diferença significativa. Para variáveis antropométricas, PCR e fibrinogênio (p < 0,05); e QV, dois domínios apresentaram alterações significativas: limitações por aspectos físicos (p=0,045) e dor (p=0,011). Conclui-se que a prática do método Pilates solo promoveu redução significativa sobre a composição corporal, sobre os níveis séricos de marcadores inflamatórios, sobre a qualidade de vida e manutenção da capacidade funcional de idosas sedentárias. (AU)

The aim of the present study was investigate the effects of exercises based on the Pilates method on functional capacity, anthropometric factors, levels of circulating inflammatory markers and quality of life in sedentary elderly women. It is an almost experimental design with pre and post-test. The sample considered of 33 elderly individuals, aged 60 years and female. In order to evaluate the functional capacity (FC), the tests of walking speed (WS) and manual grip strength (MGS) were used; to evaluate the presence of inflammatory markers, laboratory tests were performed to quantify the serum levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, and the SF-36 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life. For statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk normality test was used. For parametric data, paired t- test and one-way ANOVA were used, and for nonparametric data, the Wilcoxon and Kruskal -Wallis test. Chi-square test was used for association analysis. All data were analyzed by SPSS-IBM, version 22.0 duly registered and the significance level of p ≤0.05 was stipulated. The Pilates group did not present significant alterations in relation to CF (p> 0.05), but the other variables presented. Anthropometric variables (total body mass, BMI, waist and hip circumference), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (p< 0,05); and in relation to QV, two domains presented significant changes: limitations by physical aspects (p = 0.045) and pain (p = 0.011). It was concluded that the Pilates solo practice promoted a significant reduction in body composition, serum levels of inflammatory markers, quality of life and maintenance of functional capacity

Nurse contribution to the construction of health policy in the state of Bahia (1925-1930).

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the contribution of nurses to the construction of health policy in the state of Bahia, from 1925 to 1930. METHODS: qualitative research, from a historical nature. Data were retrieved from five public archives, organized in a documentary corpus, and analyzed based on the health political analysis and the social control concepts, health policy and public health. RESULTS: from 1925 to 1930, the State seized the work of the woman/nurse and established it in public health. This fact enabled the nurse's contribution to the construction of the health policy of the state of Bahia, which took place by the implementation of sanitary education actions, home visits and hygienic surveillance. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the female nurse's work made the health policy of the state of Bahia viable and was an ideal instrument to access homes and instruct/advise people in their daily lives to adopt behaviors that prevent the occurrence and, above all, the spread of diseases.

Protective effect of oral treatment with Cordia verbenacea extract against UVB irradiation deleterious effects in the skin of hairless mouse.

Photochemoprotection of the skin can be achieved by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, which we tested using Cordia verbenacea extract, a medicinal plant known for its rich content of antioxidant molecules and anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro antioxidant evaluation of Cordia verbenacea leaves ethanolic extract (CVE) presented the following results: ferric reducing antioxidant power (886.32 µM equivalent of Trolox/g extract); IC50 of 19.128 µg/ml for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; IC50 of 12.48 µg/mL for scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); decrease of hydroperoxides from linoleic acid (IC50 of 10.20 µg/mL); inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (IC50 8.90 µg/mL); iron-chelating ability in bathophenanthroline iron assay (IC50 47.35 µg/mL); chemiluminescence triggered by free radicals in the H2O2/horseradish peroxidase/luminol (IC50 0.286 µg/mL) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase/luminol (IC50 0.42 µg/mL) methods. CVE (10-100 mg per kg, 30 min before and immediately after UVB exposure) treatment was performed by gavage in hairless mice. CVE inhibited skin edema, neutrophil infiltration, and overproduction of MMP-9; reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL- 6; numbers of skin mast cells, epidermal thickening, number of epidermal apoptotic keratinocytes, and collagen degradation. CVE increased the skin's natural antioxidant defenses as observed by Nrf-2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression enhancement. Furthermore, CVE inhibited lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production and recovered antioxidant reduced glutathione, catalase activity, and ROS scavenging capacity of the skin. Concluding, CVE downregulates the skin inflammatory and oxidative damages triggered by UVB, demonstrating its potentialities as a therapeutic approach.

Effect of one session of aerobic exercise associated with abdominal laser therapy in lipolytic activity, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers.

BACKGROUND: Increased abdominal fat and sedentary lifestyles contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. The combination of exercise and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) appears to be an innovative method to increase the lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes, in order to reduce abdominal fat. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of one session of aerobic exercise associated with abdominal laser therapy in lipolytic activity, profile lipid, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein-CRP). METHODS: Experimental randomized controlled study in 36 participants of female sex divided into three groups: placebo group (PG) (n = 12), experimental group 1 (EG1) (n = 11), and experimental group 2 (EG2) (n = 13). The EG1 and EG2 performed the laser therapy protocol followed by 50 minutes of aerobic exercise on cycle ergometer, of 45%-55% of reserve heart rate; however, in EG2 the laser therapy was applied without power. The PG only performed the laser therapy protocol without power. The anthropometric measures were evaluated, and all participants were subject to blood samples at the beginning and at the end of the intervention for measure glycerol, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL), and CRP. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the groups in the quantitative variables and Fisher's test to compare the groups in the qualitative variables. To compare the variables between moments (M0 and M1), we used the t test for paired samples. RESULTS: In the group that performed physical exercise and lipolytic laser and in the group that performs only physical exercise, there was a significant increase in glycerol mobilization between M0 and M1 (P < .001). The same did not occur in the placebo group. Regarding the CRP levels and lipidic profile, no significant differences were observed between moments in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that one session of aerobic exercise associated with LLLT and one session of aerobic exercise appears to be able to increase the lipolytic activity. However, it appears that LLLT does not provide increased value to the aerobic physical exercise by itself in lipolysis process.

Pandemia da covid-19: algo de novo no trabalho da enfermeira? / Pandemia de covid-19: ¿algo nuevo en el trabajo de la enfermera? / Covid-19 pandemic: anything new in the nurse's work?

Objetivo refletir sobre o trabalho da enfermeira e do enfermeiro hoje, ano 2020, cujo registro na história será marcado pela pandemia da Covid-19. Método reflexão teórico-filosófica. Resultados a Covid-19 expõe para a sociedade brasileira os múltiplos desafios do trabalho da(o) enfermeira(o). O sofrimento no trabalho, se existente antes da pandemia, agora é potencializado pela singularidade do novo contexto, na presença do agente desconhecido, invisível, que ameaça e pode ser mortal. A pandemia do novo coronavírus demonstra que os desafios para que o trabalho da enfermeira(o) seja valorizado social e economicamente são maiores do que se imaginava. Conclusão a história e o contexto do trabalho na pandemia demonstra que é a solidariedade entre a "classe-que-vive-do-trabalho" que pode ser o amálgama imprescindível para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 e do desmonte dos direitos daquelas(es) que trabalham.

Objetivo reflexionar sobre el trabajo de las enfermeras hoy, 2020, cuyo historial estará marcado por la pandemia Covid-19. Método reflexión teórico-filosófica. Resultados Covid-19 expone a la sociedad brasileña los múltiples desafíos del trabajo de la enfermera. El sufrimiento en el trabajo, si presente antes de la pandemia, se ve ahora realzado por la singularidad del nuevo contexto, en presencia del agente desconocido e invisible que amenaza y puede ser mortal. La pandemia del nuevo coronavirus demuestra que los desafíos para que el trabajo de la enfermera sea valorado social y económicamente son mayores de lo que se pensaba anteriormente. Conclusión la historia y el contexto del trabajo en la pandemia demuestran que es la solidaridad entre la "clase-que-vive-del-trabajo" la que puede ser la amalgama indispensable para el enfrentamiento de la Covid-19 y el desmantelamiento de los derechos de quienes trabajan.

Objetivo refletir sobre o trabalho da enfermeira e do enfermeiro hoje, ano 2020, cujo registro na história será marcado pela pandemia da Covid-19. Método reflexão teórico-filosófica. Resultados a Covid-19 expõe para a sociedade brasileira os múltiplos desafios do trabalho da(o) enfermeira(o). O sofrimento no trabalho, se existente antes da pandemia, agora é potencializado pela singularidade do novo contexto, na presença do agente desconhecido, invisível, que ameaça e pode ser mortal. A pandemia do novo coronavírus demonstra que os desafios para que o trabalho da enfermeira(o) seja valorizado social e economicamente são maiores do que se imaginava. Conclusão a história e o contexto do trabalho na pandemia demonstra que é a solidariedade entre a "classe-que-vive-do-trabalho" que pode ser o amálgama imprescindível para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 e do desmonte dos direitos daquelas(es) que trabalham.

Nurse contribution to the construction of health policy in the state of Bahia (1925-1930) / Participación de la enfermera en la construcción de la política de salud en Bahia (1925-1930) / Participação da enfermeira na construção da política de saúde na Bahia (1925-1930)

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contribution of nurses to the construction of health policy in the state of Bahia, from 1925 to 1930. Methods: qualitative research, from a historical nature. Data were retrieved from five public archives, organized in a documentary corpus, and analyzed based on the health political analysis and the social control concepts, health policy and public health. Results: from 1925 to 1930, the State seized the work of the woman/nurse and established it in public health. This fact enabled the nurse's contribution to the construction of the health policy of the state of Bahia, which took place by the implementation of sanitary education actions, home visits and hygienic surveillance. Final considerations: the female nurse's work made the health policy of the state of Bahia viable and was an ideal instrument to access homes and instruct/advise people in their daily lives to adopt behaviors that prevent the occurrence and, above all, the spread of diseases.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la participación de la enfermera en la construcción de la política de salud en Bahia entre 1925 y 1930. Métodos: investigación cualitativa de carácter histórico. Los datos fueron recolectados en cinco archivos públicos, organizados en un corpus documental y analizados a partir del análisis político en salud y los conceptos de control social, política de salud y salud pública. Resultados: entre 1925 y 1930, el Estado se apropió del trabajo de la mujer/enfermera y lo institucionalizó en el campo de la salud pública. Este hecho dio lugar a la participación de la enfermera en la construcción de la política de salud en Bahia, que se dio a través de la operacionalización de acciones de educación en salud, visitas domiciliarias y vigilancia higiénica. Consideraciones Finales: el trabajo de la enfermera hizo viable la política de salud en Bahia y fue un instrumento ideal para ingresar a los hogares y enseñar/asesorar a las personas en su vida diaria a adoptar comportamientos para prevenir la ocurrencia de enfermedades y, sobre todo, su propagación.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a participação da enfermeira na construção da política de saúde na Bahia entre 1925 e 1930. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa de natureza histórica. Os dados foram coletados em cinco arquivos públicos, organizados em um corpus documental e analisados com base na análise política em saúde e nos conceitos de controle social, política de saúde e saúde pública. Resultados: entre 1925 e 1930, o Estado apropriou-se do trabalho da mulher/enfermeira e o institucionalizou no campo da saúde pública. Esse fato ensejou a participação da enfermeira na construção da política de saúde baiana, que ocorreu por meio da operacionalização das ações de educação sanitária, visita domiciliar e vigilância higiênica. Considerações Finais: o trabalho da enfermeira viabilizou a política de saúde baiana e foi um instrumento ideal para adentrar nos domicílios e ensinar/aconselhar as pessoas em seu cotidiano a adotarem condutas que evitassem a ocorrência e, sobretudo, a propagação das doenças.