Graphene THz filter-switch dividers based on dipole-quadrupole and magneto-optical resonance effects.

We propose and analyze a multifunctional THz graphene-based component with graphene elements placed on a dielectric substrate. The structure of the device consists of a disc shaped resonator coupled to three graphene waveguides that excite the dipole or quadrupole resonance of surface plasmon polaritons in the resonator. The graphene resonator can be magnetized by a DC magnetic field. This device fulfills filtering of the input signal and can be used as a power divider and also as a switch. The division mechanism of the T-junction can be provided by application of a DC magnetic field or by changing the Fermi energy of the graphene resonator via an electrostatic field. Some peculiarities of the two mechanisms are discussed. Numerical simulations show that for a central frequency of 7.12 THz, devices in the OFF state have the two output ports isolated from the input port at a central frequency of about 27 dB provided by the dipole mode resonance. In the ON state and the division regime, the transmission to the output ports is around -(4÷5)dB in the 3-dB bandwidth of about 12%.

A metabolomic study of Gomphrena agrestis in Brazilian Cerrado suggests drought-adaptive strategies on metabolism.

Drought is the main factor that limits the distribution and productivity of plant species. In the Brazilian Cerrado, the vegetation is adapted to a seasonal climate with long- and short-term periods of drought. To analyze the metabolic strategies under such conditions, a metabolomic approach was used to characterize Gomphrena agrestis Mart. (Amaranthaceae) a native species that grows under natural conditions, in a rock-field area. Roots and leaves material from native specimens were sampled along different seasons of the year and LC-MS and GC-MS analyzed for multiple chemical constituents. The datasets derived from the different measurements were combined and evaluated using multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis was used to obtain an overview of the samples and identify outliers. Later, the data was analyzed with orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis to obtain valid models that could explain the metabolite variations in the different seasons. Two hundred and eighty metabolites were annotated, generating a unique database to characterize metabolic strategies used to cope with the effects of drought. The accumulation of fructans in the thickened roots is consistent with the storage of carbons during the rainy season to support the energy demand during a long period of drought. The accumulation of Abscisic acid, sugars and sugar alcohols, phenolics, and pigment in the leaves suggests physiological adaptations. To cope with long-term drought, the data suggests that tissue water status and storage of reserves are important to support plant survival and regrowth. However, during short-term drought, osmoregulation and oxidative protection seems to be essential, probably to support the maintenance of active photosynthesis.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae) Leaves Improves Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Complications in Mice.

BACKGROUND: Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant used in Brazil with hypoglycemic activity by its fruits use. However, the fruits production is restricted in some periods of the year, differently of leaves. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GCMS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS: Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of ß-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions. CONCLUSION: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.

Graphene-based multifunctional three-port THz and long-wave infrared components.

Two graphene-based T-shaped multifunctional components for THz and long-wave infrared regions are proposed and analyzed. The first component can serve as a divider, a switch, and a dynamically controllable filter. This T-junction presents a circular graphene resonator and three graphene waveguides with surface plasmon-polariton waves connected frontally to the resonator. The resonator can be adjusted to work with dipole, quadrupole, or hexapole modes. The graphene elements are deposited on a SiO2 (silica) and Si (silicon) two-layer substrate. The dynamical control and switching of the component are provided by the electrostatic field, which defines the graphene Fermi energy. Numerical simulations show that the first component in the division regime (which is also the ON regime) has a transmission coefficient of -4.3dB at the central frequency for every two output ports, and the FWHM is 9.5%. In the OFF regime, the isolation of the two output ports from the input one is about -30dB. The second component is a T-junction without a resonator, which fulfills the function of the divider-switch in more than an octave frequency band.

Cell therapy stimulates bone neoformation in calvaria defects in rats subjected to local irradiation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of cell therapy on the repair process in calvaria defects in rats subjected to irradiation. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal cells were characterized for osteoblastic phenotype. Calvariae of male Wistar rats were irradiated (20 Gy) and, after 4 weeks, osteoblastic cells were placed in surgically created defects in irradiated (IRC) and control animals (CC), paired with untreated irradiated (IR) and control (C) animals. After 30 days, histological and microtomographic evaluation was performed to establish significant (P < 0.05) differences among the groups. RESULTS: Higher alkaline phosphatase detection and activity, along with an increase in mineralized nodules, in the IRC, C and CC groups compared to the IR group, confirmed an osteoblastic phenotype. Histology showed impaired bone neoformation following irradiation, affecting bone marrow composition. Cell therapy in the IRC group improved bone neoformation compared to the IR group. Microtomography revealed increased bone volume, bone surface and trabecular number in IRC group compared to the IR group. CONCLUSION: Cell therapy may improve bone neoformation in defects created after irradiation.

Oral gallic acid improves metabolic profile by modulating SIRT1 expression in obese mice brown adipose tissue: A molecular and bioinformatic approach.

AIMS: The aim of the presente study was to examine the effects of oral gallic acid (GA) administration on the brown adipose tissue of obese mice fed with high-fat diet. New mechanisms and interactions pathways in thermogenesis were accessed through bioinformatics analyses. MAIN METHODS: Swiss male mice were divided into four groups and fed during 60 days with: standard diet, standard diet combined with gallic acid, high-fat diet and high-fat diet combined with gallic acid. Body weight, food intake, and blood parameters (glucose tolerance test, total-cholesterol, high-density low-c, triglyceride and glucose levels) were evaluated. Brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue histological analysis were performed. SIRT1 and PGC1-α mRNA expression in the brown adipose tissue were assessed. KEY FINDINGS: Our main findings showed that the gallic acid improved glucose tolerance and metabolic parameters. These results were accompanied by bioinformatics analyses that evidenced SIRT1 as main target in the thermogenesis process, confirmed as increased SIRT1 mRNA expression was evidenced in the brown adipose tissue. SIGNIFICANCE: Together, the data suggest that the gallic acid effect in brown adipose tissue may improve body metabolism, glucose homeostasis and increase thermogenesis.

Antimicrobial modulator of inflammatory response in third molar surgery compared with conventional medication

Surgeries performed in retained third molars occur in the contaminated field, bringing post-operative problems such as pain, bleeding, discomfort, swelling, infection, trismus, and inactive days. This study evaluated the differences between conventional medication and topical doxycycline in third molar surgery. Twenty-eight patients were selected requiring removal of four third molar. Half of the mouth was randomly selected to undergo surgery with the use of conventional medication (analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial) and after 25-30 days, the other half of the mouth was subjected to surgery using doxycycline delivered through gel nanotubes. The results showed that in both treatments there was no clinical infection. The other evaluations were significantly lower in relation to pain, bleeding, edema, inactive days, trismus, and discomfort when compared with conventional therapy.

Haustorium-endosperm relationships and the integration between developmental pathways during reserve mobilization in Butia capitata (Arecaceae) seeds.

Background and Aims: Palm seeds are interesting models for studying seed reserve mobilization at the tissue level due to the abundance and complexity of reserves stored in their living endosperm cells and the development of a highly specialized haustorium. We studied structural and physiological aspects of the initial phases of reserve mobilization in seeds of a neotropical palm, Butia capitata, and sought to characterize the interactions between the different developmental pathways of the haustorium and endosperm. Methods: Morphological and histochemical evaluations of the haustorium, the endosperm adjacent to the embryo, and the peripheral endosperm of dry, imbibed, dormant seeds and seeds geminating for 2, 5 and 10 d were performed. Biochemical analyses included determinations of endo-ß-mannanase activity, hormonal profiling (20 hormones belonging to eight classes) and H2O2 quantification in various tissues. Key Results: The mobilization of haustorium reserves was associated with germination and involved distinct hormonal alterations in the endosperm related to H2O2 production. The mobilization of endosperm reserves occurred as a post-germination event controlled by the seedling and involved major structural changes in the haustorium, including growth (which increased contact with, and pressure on, the endosperm) and the formation of an aerenchyma (thus facilitating O2 diffusion). The flow of O2 to the endosperm and changes in endogenous contents of H2O2 and hormones (cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids and ethylene) induced the establishment of an endosperm digestion zone and the translocation of reserves to the haustorium. Conclusions: The haustorium-endosperm relationship during reserve mobilization plays a pivotal role in signal integration between growth and degradation pathways in germinating seeds of Butia capitata.

Gallic acid modulates phenotypic behavior and gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by interfering with leptin pathway.

Gallic acid is a polyphenolic compost appointed to interfere with neoplastic cells behavior. Evidence suggests an important role of leptin in carcinogenesis pathways, inducing a proliferative phenotype. We investigated the potential of gallic acid to modulate leptin-induced cell proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. The gallic acid effect on leptin secretion by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, was also assessed. For this, we performed proliferation, migration, immunocytochemical and qPCR assays. The expression levels of cell migration-related genes (MMP2, MMP9, Col1A1, and E-cadherin), angiogenesis (HIF-1α, mir210), leptin signaling (LepR, p44/42 MAPK), apoptosis (casp-3), and secreted leptin levels by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were also measured. Gallic acid decreased proliferation and migration of leptin-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, and reduced mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP9, Col1A1, mir210, but did not change HIF-1α. Gallic acid decreased levels of leptin secreted by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, accordingly with downregulation of p44/42 MAPK expression. Thus, gallic acid appears to break down neoplastic phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by interfering with leptin pathway.

Evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of gallic acid in oral squamous cell carcinoma under hypoxic conditions.

The purpose of the current study was to develop and test a theoretical model that could explain the mechanism of action of gallic acid (GA) in the oral squamous cell carcinoma context for the first time. The theoretical model was developed using bioinformatics and interaction network analysis to evaluate the effect of GA on oral squamous cell carcinoma. In a second step to confirm theoretical results, migration, invasion, proliferation, and gene expression (Col1A1, E-cadherin, HIF-1α, and caspase-3) were performed under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our study indicated that treatment with GA resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in neoplastic cells. Observation of the molecular mechanism showed that GA upregulates E-cadherin expression and downregulates Col1A1 and HIF-1α expression, suggesting that GA might be a potential anticancer compound. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that GA significantly reduces cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by increasing E-cadherin and repressing Col1A1.

The Effect of Local Delivery Doxycycline and Alendronate on Bone Repair.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the local effect of 10% doxycycline and 1% alendronate combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on bone repair. Thirty rats were divided into three groups, as follows: control group (CG), drug group (DG), and vehicle-PLGA group (VG). Bone defect was created in the right femur and filled with the following: blood clot (CG); PLGA gel, 10% doxycycline and 1% alendronate (DG); or vehicle-PLGA (VG). The animals were euthanized 7 or 15 days after surgery. Bone density, bone matrix and number of osteoclasts were quantified. At 7 days, the findings showed increased density in DG (177.75 ± 76.5) compared with CG (80.37 ± 27.4), but no difference compared with VG (147.1 ± 41.5); no statistical difference in bone neoformation CG (25.6 ± 4.8), VG (27.8 ± 4), and DG (18.9 ± 7.8); and decrease osteoclasts in DG (4.6 ± 1.9) compared with CG (26.7 ± 7.4) and VG (17.3 ± 2.7). At 15 days, DG (405.1 ± 63.1) presented higher density than CG (213.2 ± 60.9) and VG (283.4 ± 85.8); there was a significant increase in percentage of bone neoformation in DG (31.5 ± 4.2) compared with CG (23 ± 4), but no difference compared with VG (25.1 ± 2.9). There was a decreased number of osteoclasts in DG (20.7 ± 4.7) and VG (29.5 ± 5.4) compared with CG (40 ± 9.4). The results suggest that the association of 10% doxycycline and 1% alendronate with PLGA-accelerated bone repair.

Avaliação da capacidade da membrana absorvível atuar como carreadorde quimioterápicos / Capacity assessment of absorbable membrane acting as a carrier for chemotherapeutics

Objetivo: A exposição da membrana durante procedimentos regenerativos periodontais pode causar contaminação e complicações pós-operatórias. Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de uma membrana absorvível atuar como carreador de quimioterápicos. Material e Métodos: Noventa amostras de membranas absorvíveis de origem xenógena, da marca Genius/Baummer, foram previamente impregnadas, sendo 45 com doxiciclina e 45 com cloridrato de tetraciclina, e dispostas em placas de cultura contendo microrganismos aeróbios e anaeróbios. O período experimental foi de 5 semanas, com avaliações regulares a cada semana com objetivo de identificar a integridade das membranas e a capacidade de inibir o crescimento bacteriano pela presença dos halos de inibição. Resultados: Ao final do experimento constatou-se que para culturasaeróbias o período mínimo de inibição foi de 21 dias, para anaeróbiasfoi de 28 dias e os resultados foram estatisticamente superiores para a doxiciclina. Conclusão: Ambas as membranas apresentam habilidade de inibição bacteriana, confirmando a possibilidade das membranas testadas serem utilizadas como carreadores de agentes antimicrobianos, especialmente para a doxiciclina.

Objective: The membrane exposure during periodontal regenerative procedures can lead to contamination and postoperative complications. This study evaluated the ability of an absorbable membrane acting as a carrier for chemotherapeutic. Materials and Methods: Samples of absorbable bovine bone membranes, which were previously impregnated with doxycycline and tetracycline hydrochloride, were placed in culture plates containing aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The experimental period lasted 5 weeks, with samples analyzed weekly during this period. Results: At the end of the experiment it was found that for aerobic culturesthe minimum period of inhibition was 21 days and for anaerobic was 28 days; the results were statistically superior to doxycycline. Conclusion: Both membranes have the ability of bacterial inhibition, confirming the ability of the tested membranes been used as carriers of antimicrobial agents, especially for doxycycline.

Factors influencing survival in patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of poor outcome in patients with MDR Acb. This is the first report documenting factors influencing survival in patients with MDR Acb in this tertiary hospital. This study is a prospective of the hospital epidemiology database. A total of 73 patients with 84 Acb isolates were obtained between August 2009 and October 2010 in this hospital. In the present study, the 30-day mortality rate was 39.7%. Of 84 Acb isolates, 50 (59%) were MDR, nine (11%) were pan-resistant, and 25 (30%) were non-MDR. The non-MDR isolates were used as the control group. The factors significantly associated with multidrug resistance included previous surgeries, presence of comorbidity (renal disease), use of more than two devices, parenteral nutrition, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Significant predictors of 30-day mortality in the univariate analysis included pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, use of more than two devices, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy administered within two days of the onset of infection. The factors associated with mortality in patients with MDR Acb infection in this study were: age > 60 years, pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, use of more than two invasive procedures, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Vigilance is needed to prevent outbreaks of this opportunistic and deadly pathogen.

Ontogenetic and temporal variations in herbivory and defense of Handroanthus spongiosus (Bignoniaceae) in a Brazilian tropical dry forest.

We compared the richness and abundance of free-feeding herbivore insects (sap-sucking and leaf-chewing), leaf herbivory damage, leaf toughness and total phenolic content between two ontogenetic stages (juvenile and reproductive) of Handroanthus spongiosus (Rizzini) S. O. Grose (Bignoniaceae) throughout the rainy season in a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest. Twenty marked individuals of H. spongiosus were sampled per ontogenetic stage in each period of the rainy season (beginning, middle, and end). Herbivore richness and abundance did not differ between ontogenetic stages, but higher percentage of leaf damage, higher concentration of phenolic compounds, and lower leaf toughness were observed for juvenile individuals. The greatest morphospecies abundance was found at the beginning of the rainy season, but folivory increment was higher at the end, despite the fact that leaf toughness and total phenolic content increased in the same period. No significant relationships between leaf damage and both total phenolic content and leaf toughness were observed. These results suggest that insect richness and abundance do not track changes in foliage quality throughout plant ontogeny, but their decrease along rainy season confirms what was predicted for tropical dry forests. The general trends described in the current study corroborate those described in the literature about herbivores and plant ontogeny. However, the lack of relationship between herbivore damage and the two plant attributes considered here indicates that the analyses of multiple defensive traits (the defense syndrome) must be more enlightening to determine the mechanisms driving temporal and spatial patterns of herbivore attack.

Factors influencing survival in patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of poor outcome in patients with MDR Acb. This is the first report documenting factors influencing survival in patients with MDR Acb in this tertiary hospital. This study is a prospective of the hospital epidemiology database. A total of 73 patients with 84 Acb isolates were obtained between August 2009 and October 2010 in this hospital. In the present study, the 30-day mortality rate was 39.7%. Of 84 Acb isolates, 50 (59%) were MDR, nine (11%) were pan-resistant, and 25 (30%) were non-MDR. The non-MDR isolates were used as the control group. The factors significantly associated with multidrug resistance included previous surgeries, presence of comorbidity (renal disease), use of more than two devices, parenteral nutrition, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Significant predictors of 30-day mortality in the univariate analysis included pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, use of more than two devices, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy administered within two days of the onset of infection. The factors associated with mortality in patients with MDR Acb infection in this study were: age > 60 years, pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, use of more than two invasive procedures, and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Vigilance is needed to prevent outbreaks of this opportunistic and deadly pathogen.

Enzyme characterisation, isolation and cDNA cloning of polyphenol oxidase in the hearts of palm of three commercially important species.

Heart of palm (palmito) is the edible part of the apical meristem of palms and is considered a gourmet vegetable. Palmitos from the palms Euterpe edulis (Juçara) and Euterpe oleracea (Açaí) oxidise after harvesting, whereas almost no oxidation is observed in palmitos from Bactris gasipaes (Pupunha). Previous investigations showed that oxidation in Juçara and Açaí was mainly attributable to polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1) activity. In this study, we partially purified PPOs from these three palmitos and analysed them for SDS activation, substrate specificity, inhibition by specific inhibitors, thermal stability, optimum pH and temperature conditions, Km and Ki. In addition, the total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content were determined. Two partial cDNA sequences were isolated and sequenced from Açaí (EoPPO1) and Juçara (EePPO1). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR expression assays showed that Açaí and Juçara PPOs were strongly expressed in palmitos and weakly expressed in leaves. No amplification was observed for Pupunha samples. The lack of oxidation in the palmito Pupunha might be explained by the low PPO expression, low enzyme activity or the phenolic profile, particularly the low content of chlorogenic acid.

[Air contamination levels in operating rooms during surgery of total hip and total knee arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty and osteosynthesis in the surgical center of a Brazilian hospital]. / Contaminação do ar em salas cirúrgicas durante cirurgias de artroplastias total de quadril e joelho, hemiartroplastias e osteossínteses no centro cirúrgico de um hospital Brasileiro.

INTRODUCTION: The air contamination levels during orthopedic surgeries were evaluated. METHODS: The air of operating rooms (ORs) was examined through exposure to microbiological plates placed near the surgical table for an hour. RESULTS: values above that recommended (369 CFU/m³) for conventional ORs and ORs with ultraclean air were determined. Contamination was predominantly by Staphylococcus sp (86.9%). In all surgeries a high number of people were present inside the ORs and the doors were opened frequently. CONCLUSIONS: The contamination levels are above the values accepted by regulatory agencies, representing risk for patients.

Contaminação do ar em salas cirúrgicas durante cirurgias de artroplastias total de quadril e joelho, hemiartroplastias e osteossínteses no centro cirúrgico de um hospital Brasileiro / Air contamination levels in operating rooms during surgery of total hip and total knee arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty and osteosynthesis in the surgical center of a Brazilian hospital

INTRODUÇÃO: Avaliou-se o nível da contaminação do ar em cirurgias ortopédicas. MÉTODOS: O ar das salas cirúrgicas foi analisado microbiologicamente através da exposição de placas próximas à mesa cirúrgica por uma hora. RESULTADOS: Foram evidenciados valores acima do recomendado (369 UFC/m³) nas salas convencionais, assim como naquelas com ar ultralimpo. A contaminação foi predominantemente por Staphylococcus sp (86,9 por cento). verificou-se um número alto de pessoas presentes no interior das salas cirúrgicas, assim como de abertura da porta. CONCLUSÕES: Os níveis de contaminação se apresentaram acima dos valores aceitos por agências reguladoras, representando risco para os pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: The air contamination levels during orthopedic surgeries were evaluated. METHODS: The air of operating rooms (ORs) was examined through exposure to microbiological plates placed near the surgical table for an hour. RESULTS: values above that recommended (369 CFU/m³) for conventional ORs and ORs with ultraclean air were determined. Contamination was predominantly by Staphylococcus sp (86.9 percent). In all surgeries a high number of people were present inside the ORs and the doors were opened frequently. CONCLUSIONS: The contamination levels are above the values accepted by regulatory agencies, representing risk for patients.

Rate of Compliance with Hand Hygiene by Dental Healthcare Personnel (DHCP) within a Dentistry Healthcare First Aid Facility.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the compliance with the opportunities of hand hygiene by dentistry school healthcare professionals, as well as the higher choice products. METHODS: Through direct observation, the oral healthcare team-professors, oral and maxillofacial surgery residents, graduation students-for daily care were monitored: before performing the first treatment of the shift, after snacks and meals, and after going to the bathroom (initial opportunities) as well as between patients' care, and after ending the shift (following opportunities). RESULTS: The professors' category profited 78.4% of all opportunities while residents and graduation students did not reach 50.0% of compliance. Statistically significant data (P

Surgical site infections in primary total hip and knee replacement surgeries, hemiarthroplasties, and osteosyntheses at a Brazilian university hospital.

We report a case-control study involving 663 primary orthopedic surgeries with a 12.7% rate of surgical site infections (SSIs). The respective frequencies of superficial incisional, deep incisional, and organ/space infections were 22.2%, 44.5%, and 33.3% for total hip arthroplasties; 66.7%, 33.3%, and 0% for total knee arthroplasties; 0%, 75.0% and 25.0% for hemiarthroplasties; and 44.1%, 35.3%, and 20.6% for osteosyntheses. These rates of SSIs are higher than those reported in previous studies.