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2.
J Microencapsul ; 40(4): 233-245, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37038915

ABSTRACT

Controlled release formulations of Ruta essential oil obtained by ionic gelation were developed. The presence of rue essential oil in the alginate and chitosan capsules was evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Release studies revealed that in acidic conditions (pH 4.2), the CHS-REO particles reached a Sw of 240% (w/w) in 30 days and 101% (w/w) for ALG-REO particles, generating a RR of 23.7% for CHS-REO and 20.4% for ALG-REO. On the other hand, at pH 6.8 it favored the Sw for ALG-REO 840% (w/w) and therefore the RR (45.6%) and disfavored the Sw of CHS-REO generating low RR (16.9%). Encapsulated rue essential oil showed equal or superior nematicidal activity against the nematode Melodogyne ssp., compared to free oil and a synthetic nematicide such as Carbofuran, without having a phytotoxic effect on the plant. This study revealed that REO encapsulated in biopolymeric matrices can be used as new nematicide formulations.


Subject(s)
Chitosan , Nematoda , Oils, Volatile , Ruta , Animals , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Alginates/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
3.
Data Brief ; 46: 108789, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36506802

ABSTRACT

This article presents the capture protocol to acquire hyperspectral images, which can be used to quantify the concentration of total phosphorus in soil samples. 152 soil samples were prepared, and a hyperspectral cube made up of 145 images in the VIS-NIR bands, between 420 and 1000 nm, was obtained from each of them. The images obtained were taken with the Bayspec OCIF Series hyperspectral camera, in push-broom function, using a platform that includes an illumination system that offers a continuous spectrum in the range of interest. The samples were prepared with a soil from the Santander de Quilichao region, Cauca, Colombia, and mixed with known concentrations of P2O5 fertilizer, so that a total mass of 50 g was obtained. Each sample was deposited in a round black plastic container, 6 cm in diameter and a depth of 1 cm. The soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to establish the concentration of total phosphorus. Therefore, the database is made up of the images associated with the hyperspectral cube of each sample, and four tables: the first describes the properties of the soil used to obtain the mixtures, the second the composition of the fertilizer used, the third describes the soil-fertilizer ratio to make up the samples, and the fourth was the laboratory analysis of the total phosphorus content of the analyzed samples.

4.
Rev. direito sanit ; 22(2): e0009, 20221230.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419245

ABSTRACT

A concretização do direito à alimentação saudável implica a necessidade de pesquisas acerca de mecanismos que favoreçam a construção de uma cultura apta a reforçar a adoção de atitudes positivas em prol dessa conquista. A presente pesquisa analisou o conhecimento acerca de direitos fundamentais/consumeristas, identificando aspectos relacionados às práticas alimentares cotidianas do consumidor de alimentos em restaurantes de um mercado público. Tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com notas de observação em diário de campo e roteiro de entrevista. Na análise das narrativas, foi produzido o mapa analítico que entrelaçou as falas dos participantes com as categorias mais relevantes: direitos e alimentação; disponibilidade de informações; exigência de informações pelo consumidor; desistência do consumo devido às condições do local. Observou-se que os entrevistados apresentaram desconhecimento sobre os direitos relacionados à alimentação. Tempo, preço, sabor, praticidade e higiene foram valores destacados nas narrativas, porém, não se mostrou compromisso em publicizar dados importantes sobre produtos e serviços oferecidos nos restaurantes. A compreensão dos resultados aponta a necessidade de uma educação em direito à segurança alimentar e nutricional na cadeia de produção e comercialização de alimentos, uma vez que a alimentação precisa ser pensada de modo multidimensional.


The realization of the right to healthy eating implies the need for research on mechanisms that favor the construction of a culture capable of reinforcing the adoption of positive attitudes in favor of this achievement. This research analyzed the knowledge about fundamental rights/consumers, identifying aspects related to the daily eating practices of the food consumer in restaurants in a public market. It is a qualitative research, with observation notes in a field diary and an interview script. In the analysis of the narratives, an analytical map was produced that intertwined the speeches of the participants (3 men and 2 women) with the most relevant categories: rights and food; availability of information; consumer demand for information; consumer demand for information; withdrawal from consumption due to local conditions. It was observed that with regard to knowledge of law related to food, the interviewees showed ignorance. Time, price, flavor, practicality and hygiene were values highlighted in the showed ignorance. Time, price, flavor, practicality and hygiene were values highlighted in the narratives, but there is no commitment to publicize important data about products and showed ignorance. Time, price, flavor, practicality and hygiene were values highlighted in the narratives, but there is no commitment to publicize important data about products and services offered in restaurants. Understanding the results shows the need for education in the right to food and nutrition security in the food production and marketing chain, since food needs to be thought of in a multidimensional way.


Subject(s)
Consumer Behavior , Food Services
5.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 33: e190126, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1143835

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main determinants of food consumption among adult users of a public market in a capital of Northeastern Brazil. Methods A total of 198 diners in a public market, constituting a sample comprising 149 males and 49 females over 19 years of age, was interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaires from August 2018 to January 2019. Sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, place of origin, education and income, in addition to the determinants of food choices were evaluated. The analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test (nonparametric) that compared the means of the dimensions involved in these choices according to gender and income. Results Sensory appeal, price and health were the main determinants of food choices. When compared by gender and income, there were significant differences regarding the attributes reviewed. Conclusion The factors that influenced food choice were: sensory appeal, price and health. Ethical issues were the ones that least interfered with food choice. Thus, such aspects must be taken into account for the development of public policies in the area of collective eating and environmental education. The factors that influenced food choice were: sensory appeal, price and health. Ethical issues were the ones that least interfered with food choice. Thus, such aspects must be taken into account for the development of public policies in the area of collective eating and environmental education.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os principais determinantes do consumo alimentar entre adultos usuários de um mercado público de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Foram entrevistados, por intermédio de questionários pré-testados, nos meses de agosto de 2018 até janeiro de 2019, uma amostra de 198 comensais de um mercado público, constituída por 149 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 49 do sexo feminino maiores de 19 anos. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas como sexo, idade, local de origem, escolaridade e renda, além dos determinantes das escolhas alimentares. A análise foi feita utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon (não paramétrico), que comparou as médias das dimensões envolvidas nessas escolhas conforme sexo e renda. Resultados Apelo sensorial, preço e saúde foram os principais determinantes das escolhas alimentares. Quando comparados por sexo e renda, houve diferenças significativas quanto aos atributos analisados. Conclusão Os fatores que influenciaram a escolha alimentar foram: apelo sensorial, preço e saúde. Já as questões éticas foram as que menos interferiram na escolha alimentar. Desse modo, tais aspectos devem ser levados em consideração para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas na área de alimentação coletiva e educação ambiental.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Collective Feeding , Feeding Behavior/ethnology , Diet
6.
Curr HIV Res ; 16(6): 416-424, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30843490

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have developed methodologies for predicting the number of CD4+ cells from the total leukocyte and lymphocytes count based on mathematical methodologies, obtaining percentages of effectiveness prediction higher than 90% with a value of less than 5000 leukocytes. OBJECTIVE: To improve the methodology probabilities prediction in 5000-9000 leukocytes ranges. METHOD: from sets A, B, C and D defined in a previous study, and based on CD4+ prediction established on the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, induction was performed using data from 10 patients with HIV, redefining the sets A and C that describe the lymphocytes behavior relative to leukocytes. Subsequently, we evaluated with previous research prediction probabilities parameters from a sample of 100 patients, calculating the belonging probability to each sample and organized in predetermined ranges leukocytes, of each of the sets defined, their unions and intersections. Then the same procedure was performed with the new sets and the probability values obtained with the refined method were compared with respect to previously defined, by measures of sensitivity (SENS) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for each range. RESULTS: probabilities with values greater than 0.83 were found in five of the nine ranges inside the new sets. The probability for the set A∪C increased from 0.06 to 0.18 which means increases between 0.06 and 0.09 for the intersection (A∪C) ∩ (B∪D), making evident the prediction improvement with new sets defined. CONCLUSION: The results show that the new defined sets achieved a higher percentage of effectiveness to predict the CD4+ value cells, which represents a useful tool that can be proposed as a substitute for clinical values obtained by the flow cytometry.


Subject(s)
CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods , Cytological Techniques/methods , HIV Infections/pathology , Models, Theoretical , Biostatistics , Humans
7.
Hig. aliment ; 30(262/263): 21-25, 30/12/2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827448

ABSTRACT

A composição adequada de cardápios é essencial para contribuir com a promoção da alimentação saudável na empresa (pública ou privada). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os cardápios de almoço produzidos por uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar servidos aos trabalhadores, considerando-se os aspectos dietéticos de sua composição, bem como os parâmetros nutricionais para a alimentação do trabalhador estabelecidos pelo PAT. Foram analisados sete cardápios oferecidos no almoço, pois eram executados de modo cíclico, com repetição semanal e planejamento anual. Os resultados mostraram ausência de sobremesa e pouca variedade de alimentos, aspectos que influenciam negativamente nas qualidades sensoriais das preparações. A comparação entre as médias dos valores de energia e nutrientes com os parâmetros do PAT evidenciou diferenças significativas, excetuando- se os valores calóricos com acréscimos (1.200 Kcal) e percentuais da proteína líquida. As inadequações dietéticas e discordâncias com o PAT, verificadas na refeição principal ofertada por essa unidade de alimentação e nutrição, sugere que os cardápios devam ser reformulados nos aspectos dietéticos e nutricionais, visando à promoção de saúde e práticas alimentares saudáveis, trazendo benefícios aos funcionários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Personnel, Hospital , Occupational Health , Food Services/organization & administration , Menu Planning/standards , Table of Food Composition , Lunch , Health Promotion , Nutritive Value
8.
Hig. aliment ; 30(258/259): 32-36, 30/08/2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2530

ABSTRACT

A manipulação dos alimentos pode ser uma forma de contaminação ou de transferência de micro-organismos nocivos à saúde humana. Estudos indicam como uma das principais causas de surtos de doenças de origem alimentar o despreparo dos manipuladores de alimentos. Em relação à água de coco in natura, novas alternativas de mercado têm surgido nos últimos anos, contribuindo para aumentar o consumo do produto, uma delas foram as Coco Express, com o produto servido diretamente ao consumidor. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias na comercialização de água de coco (Cocus nucifera) em carrinhos do tipo Coco Express, no centro de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Foram entrevistados 36 ambulantes, sendo o instrumento um questionário do tipo checklist sobre as condições higienicossanitárias em que são realizadas a extração e comercialização da água de coco. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Os resultados mostraram que a maior parte dos manipuladores não utiliza as medidas de controle higienicossanitário no beneficiamento da matéria-prima e manipulação da bebida, podendo ser um risco para a saúde do consumidor.


Food manipulation might be a way of contamination or tranfering harmful microorganisms to human health. Studies indicate as one of the main causes of food diseases outbreaks the lack of preparation of the food manipulators. In relation to the coconut water in natura, new market alternatives have emerged in the past few years, contributing to the increase comsumption of the product, for example the Coco Express, in which the product is served directly to the consumer. In this respect, this work aimed to avaluate the saniraty-hygienic conditions in the commercialization of the coconut water (Cocus nucifera) in street vendors carts Coco Express type, in the downtown area of a capital in the brazilian northeast. For this research, 36 street vendors were interviewed, answering a checklist questionnaire about the hygienic-sanitary conditions in which the extraction and commercialization of the coconut water are carried out. The program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for the statistical analysis. The results showed that most of the food manipulators do not use the hygienic-sanitary control necessary in the processing of the raw material and manipulation of the drink, which might be a risk to the consumer's health.


Subject(s)
Street Food , Foods Containing Coconut , Feeding Behavior , Food Handling/standards , Brazil , Food Hygiene , Health Risk , Food Storage , Checklist
9.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 26(2): 234-242, 2016. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797816

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional conditions and food patterns in preschool children are elements that emphasise the importance of health monitoring in this period of nutritional transition, both to ensure nutritional adequacy and how much to intervene in identified inadequacies. Hence, it may also constitute a strategy for public programs and school health services to make decisions. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the anthropometric and dietary profiles of pre-schoolers of a pole city in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional evaluative study with 114 children aged 2-5 years, of both genders, in three municipal centres of early childhood education. Anthropometry was used to measure weight and height, and the nutritional condition was assessed using the indexes Height for Age (H/A), Weight for Age (W/A), Weight for Height (W/H) and Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) in z-score values with classifications established by the World Health Organization. The food intake record was done by direct weighing of the food menu offered during a week in the three institutions. This procedure allowed for the evaluation of the nutritional composition of menus, from the estimates in percentages, average and standard deviations of total calories, macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) and micronutrients (calcium, iron, vitamins A and C), to the adjustments and comparisons to the reference values of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, National Research Council and the PNAE recommendations, by age stages, in full-time units, 1-3 years, 700 kcal; 4-5 years, 950 kcal (70% coverage prediction of daily nutritional requirements) and the part-time units, these same ranges of age, respectively, 200 and 270 kcal (20% coverage for forecasting nutritional needs daily), considering adequate consumption to that with a variation of up to 10% above or below 100% of these recommendations. RESULTS: Most of the preschool children had adequate nutritional conditions, especially those of full-time units, with relative frequencies (W/A: 94.5%; W/H: 89.5%, BMI/A: 81.7%). There were registered also overweight percentages higher than the deficits, in the indices W/A (22.2%), P/E (33.3%) to municipal early childhood centre CMEI-A girls; the indices W/A, W/H, BMI/A (23.8% each) in CMEI B-boys. In relation to the adequacy of the food profile, there was only convergence between the offer and the recommendation of 70% coverage of the daily energy needs, for pre-schoolers of 4-5 years from the centre of full-time units (mean: 951.2 ± 172.3 kcal). As for nutrients, inadequacies had a trend in the coverage of the daily needs on the menu offered in part-time units. CONCLUSION: Although most children do not present indicative of nutritional risk, requires attention to food portion that was with inadequacies of nutritional condition, with emphasis on weight surplus, while the readjustments in per capita and in portions of the menu implemented in those locations.


INTRODUÇÃO: O estado nutricional e o padrão alimentar de crianças na fase pré-escolar são elementos que ressaltam a importância da vigilância à saúde, nesse cenário de transição nutricional, tanto para garantir as adequações, quanto para intervir nas inadequações identificadas, podendo, inclusive, se constituir em estratégia para a tomada de decisões dos agentes públicos escola e serviço de saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar os perfis antropométrico e dietético de pré-escolares em cidade polo do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo avaliativo transversal, com 114 crianças entre 2 a 5 anos, de ambos os sexos, em três centros municipais de educação infantil. Foi utilizada a antropometria para aferir peso e estatura, sendo o estado nutricional avaliado pelos índices Estatura para a Idade (E/I), Peso para a Idade (P/I), Peso para a Estatura (P/E), Índice de Massa Corporal para a Idade (IMC/I) em valores escore-z, com classificação referida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. E registro alimentar com a pesagem direta dos alimentos do cardápio oferecido durante uma semana nas três instituições. Este procedimento permitiu avaliar a composição nutricional dos cardápios a partir da estimativa em valores percentuais, médios e desvios-padrão de calorias totais, macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios), micronutrientes (Cálcio, Ferro, vitaminas A e C), para fazer as adequações e comparações aos valores de referências da Recommended Dietary Allowances, National Research Council e as recomendações do PNAE, segundo estágios etários, nas unidades de tempo integral, de 1-3 anos, 700 kcal; de 4-5 anos, 950 kcal (previsão de cobertura de 70% das necessidades nutricionais diárias); e nas unidades de meio turno, nesses mesmos intervalos de idade, respectivamente, 200 e 270 kcal (previsão de cobertura de 20% das necessidades nutricionais diárias), considerando como consumo adequado aquele com variação de até 10% acima ou abaixo de 100% dessas recomendações. RESULTADOS: Os pré-escolares, em maioria, com estado nutricional adequado, destacando-se aqueles da unidade de turno integral, com frequências relativas (P/I: 94,5%; P/E: 89,5%; IMC/I: 81,7%). Registraram-se, ainda, porcentagens de excesso de peso maiores que os déficits, nos índices P/I (22,2%), P/E (33,3%), para meninas do CMEI-A; nos índices P/I, P/E, IMC/I (23,8% cada), em meninos do CMEI-B. Quanto à adequação do perfil alimentar, somente houve convergência entre a oferta e a recomendação de 70% de cobertura das necessidades energéticas diárias, para os pré-escolares de 4-5 anos do centro de turno integral (média: 951,2±172,3kcal). Quanto aos nutrientes, houve tendência de inadequações na cobertura das necessidades diárias no cardápio ofertado em unidades de meio turno. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de a maioria das crianças não apresentar indicativo de risco nutricional, requer atenção a parcela que se encontrava com inadequações do estado nutricional, com ênfase aos excedentes ponderais, simultaneamente às readequações nos per capitas e nas porções do cardápio implementado nesses locais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dietetics , Health Status , Malnutrition , Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity , School Feeding , Schools, Nursery , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Public Health Surveillance , Public Policy , Sanitary Profiles
10.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 13(3): 369-381, set.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-780611

ABSTRACT

La formulación de una ley matemática para los sistemas dinámicos caóticos ha permitido desarrollar una metodología para la evaluación matemática de la dinámica cardiaca que cuantifica las diferencias entre normalidad y enfermedad, así como su evolución. Materiales y métodos: Se tomaron 70 registros Holter, 60 con presencia de arritmias y 10 normales. Para cada Holter se construyó un atractor a partir de la simulación de los valores de frecuencias cardiacas consecutivas, se midió el espacio de ocupación de cada atractor y su dimensión fractal. Se le aplicó la evaluación matemática a cada Holter y luego se calculó la sensibilidad, especificidad y coeficiente Kappa y se comparó respecto del Gold Standard. Resultados: Los casos diagnosticados convencionalmente como arritmias presentaron espacios de ocupación entre 29 y 198 para la rejilla Kp, y los casos normales presentaron valores mayores a 200. Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 100% y el coeficiente Kappa fue de 1. Conclusión: La ley exponencial permite cuantificar diferencias entre dinámicas con arritmias y normales, así como su evolución, lo que se evidencia en un aumento o disminución de los espacios de ocupación del atractor.


The development of a mathematical law for chaotic dynamical systems has allowed to develop a methodology for the mathematical evaluation of cardiac dynamics which quantifies the differences between normality and disease, as well as their evolution. Material and methods: 70 Holter records, 60 with cardiac arrhythmias and 10 normal were taken. From the simulation values of consecutive heart rates, an attractor was built for each Holter. The space occupancy of each attractor and its fractal dimension were measured. Mathematical evaluation was applied to each Holter and then the sensitivity, specificity and Kappa coefficient of this evaluation with respect to the Gold Standard was calculated. Results: The cases conventionally diagnosed as arrhythmias presented space occupancy between 29 and 198 for Kp grid, and normal cases had higher values at 200. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and Kappa coefficient was 1. Conclusion: The power law quantifies differences between arrhythmias and normal dynamics, assessing the evolution dynamics towards normality or to disease, this was evidenced by an increase or decrease of the space occupied by the attractor.


Introdução: A formulação de uma lei matemática para os sistemas dinâmicos caóticos tem permitido desenvolver uma metodologia para a avaliação matemática da dinâmica cardíaca que quantifica as diferenças entre normalidade e doença, assim como sua evolução. Materiais e métodos: Se tomaram 70 registros Hotler, 60 com presença de arritmias e 10 normais. Para cada Hotler construiu-se um atractor e sua dimensão fractal. Aplicou-se a avaliação matemática a cada Hotler e depois se calculou a sensibilidade, especificidade e coeficiente Kappa e comparou-se respeito do Gold Standard. Resultados: Os casos diagnosticados convencionalmente como arritmias apresentaram espaços de ocupação entre 29 e 198 para a grade KP, e os casos normais apresentaram valores maiores a 200. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 100% e o coeficiente Kappa foi de 1. Conclusão: A lei exponencial permite quantificar diferenças entre dinâmicas com arritmias e normais, assim como sua evolução, o que se evidencia em um aumento ou diminuição dos espaços de ocupação do atractor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Diagnosis , Mathematics , Methods
11.
Inmunología (1987) ; 33(4): 113-120, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-130003

ABSTRACT

Previamente se desarrolló un refinamiento de una metodología basada en la teoría de conjuntos y la probabilidad, con el fin de mejorar la capacidad predictiva de linfocitos T CD4 (LT-CD4) para pacientes con VIH/SIDA a partir del número de leucocitos y linfocitos totales. En este trabajo se confirmó en 150 muestras la aplicabilidad clínica del método de predicción refinado. Se tomaron los datos de leucocitos/mm3, linfocitos/mm3 y CD4/mm3 de cada paciente, denominados triplas, y se organizaron de mayor a menor según el número de leucocitos, para evaluarlos en rangos de 1.000 leucocitos. Se estableció la pertenencia de las triplas a los conjuntos A∪C, B∪D y la intersección entre ambas uniones (A∪B)∩(B∪D), mediante la cual se establece una predicción del número de CD4 asociado a valores específicos de leucocitos y linfocitos. Se contabilizó el número de elementos pertenecientes a cada conjunto y se determinó su probabilidad de pertenencia para cada uno de los rangos evaluados. De los 9 rangos de leucocitos medidos, 7 presentaron una probabilidad de acierto igual o superior a 0,76 obteniendo una probabilidad de uno en los rangos inferiores a 4.000/mm3 y 3.000/mm3 respectivamente. La capacidad de la metodología para determinar el valor de los LT-CD4 fue confirmada, logrando una capacidad predictiva superior a la de la metodología sin refinar. Las evidencias corroboran que la metodología aplicada es eficaz para poder ser empleada clínicamente, favoreciendo de esta manera la reducción de costos y recursos


Previously a refinement of a methodology was developed based on set theory and probability, with the aim of improving the predictive ability of CD4 T cells (LT-CD4) for HIV/AIDS from the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes. In this work the clinical applicability of the method was shown by refining prediction in 150 samples. Taking data of leukocytes/mm3, lymphocytes/mm3, and LT-CD4 cells/mm3 of each patient, called triples, they were organized from highest to lowest based on the number of leukocytes, to evaluate ranges of 1,000 leukocytes. The membership of the triples to the set A∪C, B∪D was established, as well as the intersection between the two sets (A∪B)∩(B∪D), in which a prediction of the number of CD4 associated with specific values of leukocytes and lymphocytes is established. The number of elements belonging to each set was counted and the probability of belonging to each of the ranges tested was determined. A total of 7 out of the 9 ranges of leukocytes measured showed a probability of success equal to or greater than 0,76, achieving a probability of 1 in the ranks lower than 4.000/mm3 and 3.000/mm3, respectively. The ability of the methodology for determining the value of the LT-CD4 was demonstrated, achieving a higher predictive capacity than the unrefined methodology. The evidence shows that the applied methodology is effective for clinical use, thus leading to a reduction of costs and resources


Subject(s)
Humans , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods , Probability , Flow Cytometry/methods
12.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 62(4): 539-546, Oct.-Dec. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742679

ABSTRACT

Background. An exponential law for chaotic cardiac dynamics, found previously, allows the quantification of the differences between normal cardiac dynamics and those with acute diseases, as well as the cardiac dynamics of the evolution between these states. Objective. To confirm the clinical applicability of the developed methodology through the mathematical law for cardiac dynamics in dynamics with arrhythmias. Materials and methods. 60 Holter electrocardiograms were analyzed, 10 corresponded to normal subjects, and 50 to subjects with different arrhythmias. For each Holter, an attractor was performed, and its fractal dimension and spatial occupancy were measured. A mathematical evaluation was applied in order to differentiate normal dynamics from pathological ones. Sensitivity, specificity and the Kappa coefficient were calculated. Results. The mathematical evaluation differentiated occupation spaces, normal dynamics, acute illness dynamics, and evolution between these states. The sensitivity and specificity values were 100%, and the Kappa coefficient was 1. Conclusions. The clinical applicability of the methodology for cases with arrhythmia was shown. It is also applicable for the detection of changes in dynamics that are not classified clinically as pathological.


Antecedentes. Se ha encontrado una ley exponencial para los sistemas dinámicos caóticos cardíacos que logra cuantificar las diferencias entre dinámicas cardíacas normales y aquellas con enfermedad aguda, así como la evolución entre estos estados. Objetivo. Confirmar la aplicabilidad clínica de la metodología desarrollada a partir de la ley matemática para la dinámica cardiaca en dinámicas con arritmia. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 60 holter, 10 correspondían a sujetos normales y 50 con diferentes tipos de arritmias. Para cada holter se construyó un atractor, se midió su dimensión fractal y ocupación espacial. Se aplicó la evaluación matemática para diferenciar dinámicas cardíacas normales de enfermas y en proceso de evolución. Se calculó la sensibilidad, especificidad y coeficiente Kappa. Resultados. La evaluación matemática diferenció los espacios de ocupación, normalidad, enfermedad aguda y evolución entre estos estados. Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 100% y el coeficiente Kappa fue de 1. Conclusiones. Se evidenció la aplicabilidad clínica de la metodología para casos con arritmias, siendo capaz de detectar cambios en la dinámica que no son clasificados como patológicos clínicamente.

13.
Acta biol. colomb ; 18(2): 341-348, May-Aug. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685933

ABSTRACT

Los anfibios, particularmente en sus estados larvales, tienen una gran sensibilidad a la concentración de contaminantes; por lo que se han convertido en una herramienta indicadora para evaluar cómo las diferentes actividades humanas afectan los ecosistemas acuáticos. Debido a esto se utilizaron larvas de anuros como bioindicadores en la zona del medio Dagua, en el corregimiento de Zaragoza, donde la actividad minera ha liberado contaminantes al río Dagua (metales pesados principalmente). Utilizando la técnica de espectrofotometría por absorción atómica de vapor frío se midieron las concentraciones de mercurio total en renacuajos de cinco especies, junto con una muestra de sedimentos para cada muestra animal, como un referente ambiental. La evaluación se realizó en dos zonas con diferente grado de intervención y se reportan rangos de concentración de mercurio que van desde 0,07 hasta 0,24 µg/g y desde 0,07 hasta 0,17 µg/g para la zona de alto impacto y de impacto desconocido respectivamente. Pese a que las concentraciones encontradas no superan límites establecidos por las autoridades ambientales, es evidente que en la zona se desarrollan procesos de bioacumulación, porque las concentraciones en los organismos siempre fueron mayores a las del ambiente, de hecho, significativamente diferentes (M-W Utest, p = 0,001), por lo que se propone la implementación de programas de biomonitoreo y bioremediación en la zona, teniendo en cuenta que los renacuajos son principalmente consumidores de primer orden y al incorporarse en la cadena trófica las cargas contaminantes entrarían en procesos de biomagnificación.


Amphibians, particularly larval stages, are strongly sensitive to pollutants, so they have become useful indicators to assess how different human activities affect ecosystems. In this way, tadpoles were used as bioindicators in the Medio Dagua zone, in Zaragoza town, where mining has released pollutants into the Dagua River (mostly heavy metals). Using spectrophotometry by cold vapor atomic absorption, we measured total mercury concentrations in tadpoles of five species, with a sediment sample for each animal sample as an environment reference. The study was realized in two areas with different intervention levels, we report mercury concentration ranges from 0.07 to 0.24 µg/g for high impact zone and from 0.07 to 0.17µg/g for unknown impact zone, these levels do not exceed set limits used by local environmental authorities, however, is evident that bioaccumulation processes are developing in the area because organisms concentrations were always higher than those of the environment, in fact, significantly different (MW Utest, p = 0.001) therefore we propose the implementation of biomonitoring and bioremediation programs in the area, taking in consideration that tadpoles species used here, were mainly first order consumers, and when their mercury concentrations are incorporated into the food chain, these contaminant loads will produce biomagnification processes.

14.
Rev. salud pública (Córdoba) ; 17(9,n.esp): 57-67, 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699412

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo pretende aportar los resultados de varios años de investigación sobre temas concernientes a la familia en América Latina. Particularmente, desde una perspectiva de género, analizar las relaciones de pareja y su influencia en la socialización de los hijos.Cada momento socio-histórico promueve y sostiene el predominio de determinados valores, ideales y modelos que regulan el funcionamiento de los sujetos y de los grupos, De este modo, cada época construye ciertas formas predominantes de subjetividad, así como modalidades de funcionamiento vincular singulares, con las diferencias que puedan provenir de la pertenencia a diferentes lugares geográficos, razas, religiones, clases sociales.La familia es un sistema, es una organización en la que se juegan relaciones de poder y que funciona como un todo. Así nos preguntamos: ¿los modelos de socialización adoptados por los padres son reproducidos de igual modo por los hijos?


The objective of this paper is to show the results of several years of research on issues concerning the family in Latin America. In particular, from a gender point of view, we analyze couple relationships and their influence on children’s socialization. Each socio-historical time promotes and supports the predominance of certain values, ideals and models that regulate the functioning of individuals and groups.Thus, in each period, certain predominant forms of subjectivity as well as particular bonding functioning styles are built; with the differences that might arise from belonging to different geographical locations, races, religions or social classes. The family is a system, an organization that functions as a whole and in which power relations are at stake. Thus, we ask ourselves: Are the socialization models adopted by parents reproduced by their children in the same way?


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family , Family/history , Family Relations , Social Values
15.
Rev. salud pública (Córdoba) ; 17(9,n.esp): 57-67, 2013.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-130551

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo pretende aportar los resultados de varios años de investigación sobre temas concernientes a la familia en América Latina. Particularmente, desde una perspectiva de género, analizar las relaciones de pareja y su influencia en la socialización de los hijos.Cada momento socio-histórico promueve y sostiene el predominio de determinados valores, ideales y modelos que regulan el funcionamiento de los sujetos y de los grupos, De este modo, cada época construye ciertas formas predominantes de subjetividad, así como modalidades de funcionamiento vincular singulares, con las diferencias que puedan provenir de la pertenencia a diferentes lugares geográficos, razas, religiones, clases sociales.La familia es un sistema, es una organización en la que se juegan relaciones de poder y que funciona como un todo. Así nos preguntamos: ¿los modelos de socialización adoptados por los padres son reproducidos de igual modo por los hijos?(AU)


The objective of this paper is to show the results of several years of research on issues concerning the family in Latin America. In particular, from a gender point of view, we analyze couple relationships and their influence on childrenÆs socialization. Each socio-historical time promotes and supports the predominance of certain values, ideals and models that regulate the functioning of individuals and groups.Thus, in each period, certain predominant forms of subjectivity as well as particular bonding functioning styles are built; with the differences that might arise from belonging to different geographical locations, races, religions or social classes. The family is a system, an organization that functions as a whole and in which power relations are at stake. Thus, we ask ourselves: Are the socialization models adopted by parents reproduced by their children in the same way?(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family , Family/history , Family Relations , Social Values
16.
UNOPAR Cient., Ciênc. biol. saude ; 14(1): 57-61, jan. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-621739

ABSTRACT

A síndrome do intestino curto é uma afecção do trato gastrintestinal que acomete gravemente o indivíduo. Esse estudo teve como objetivo explorar aspectos relacionados à terapia nutricional e o uso de nutrientes específicos, especialmente glutamina, citrulina, arginina, e também probióticos. As manifestações clínicas e nutricionais contribuem para perda importante da estrutura e funcionalidade intestinal, que apontam para necessidade de mais atenção sobre o desenvolvimento de distúrbios na absorção de alguns nutrientes. De tal modo, com o iminente impacto nutricional, devem ser instituídas condutas diferenciadas, objetivando melhora no prognóstico e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O fornecimento de nutrientes específicos (glutamina, citrulina, arginina) e uso de probióticos, podem aperfeiçoar o tratamento. Portanto, pela interferência na qualidade de vida advinda das intercorrências dessa afecção, esse trabalho objetiva descrever exposições da literatura vigente sobre o uso de glutamina, citrulina, arginina e probióticos na SIC.


The short bowel syndrome is a condition of the gastrointestinal tract that attacks the individual severely. This study aimed to explore aspects related to nutritional therapy and the use of specific nutrients, specially glutamine, citrulline, arginine, and also probiotics. Clinical and nutritional manifestations contribute to important loss of intestinal structure and functionality, which points to the necessity of more attention on the development of disorders in the absorption of some nutrients. This way, before the imminent nutritional impact, different behavior should be instituted, aiming at the improvement of prognoses and the patients? quality of life. The provision of specific nutrients (glutamine, citrulline, arginine) and the use of probiotics can improve the treatment. Therefore, for the interference in the quality of life which comes from the intercurrences of this condition, this study aims to describe exposures of the current literature on the use of glutamine, citrulline, arginine and probiotics in the Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS).

17.
Estud. interdiscip. envelhec ; 5: 119-136, 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-30404

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a alimentação dos idosos residentes em três instituições geriátricas de Teresina-PI para avaliar a qualidade nutricional das refeições servidas. Na determinação da porção média dos alimentos e preparações foi utilizado o método da pesagem direta. Os valores calórico e nutritivo dos alimentos ou preparações servidas aos idosos foram determinados através do programa computadorizado de cálculo de dietas desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A adequação de calorias, proteínas, ferro e vitamina C foi feita com base nos parâmetros do National Council Research preconizadas nas Recommended Dietary Allowances (1989), enquanto a adequação de cálcio e fósforo foi executada de acordo com Recommended Dietary Intake (1998). Os resultados indicaram consumo calórico inadequado em duas instituições, apresentando excesso em uma e deficiência em outra (146,42 por cento e 75,68 por cento ), e ingestão protéica acima do recomendado em todas (112,23 por cento , 218,88 por cento e 122,32 por cento). O consumo de cálcio foi baixo (63,57 por cento ) em uma instituição e adequado nas demais, enquanto o de vitamina C apresentou-se baixo em todas. O consumo de ferro e de fósforo foi elevado, apresentando valores bem acima dos recomendados. A inadequação das dietas oferecidas sugere a necessidade de medidas de intervenção a curto prazo, visto que os desequilíbrios alimentares trazem conseqüências nefastas ao estado de saúde, principalmente dos idosos(AU)

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