Influence of the Use of Irrigation Solution Inhibitors in Improving Dentine Adhesion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review examined the effect of neutralizing agents on bond strength after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and their existing protocols in literature. METHODS: This present study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO. Five electronic databases were searched (sept-2020/jan-2021) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, without any restrictions on publication date. Cases reports, editorials and literature reviews were not included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. From the initial 7,147 studies, 2,745 were removed as duplicates and 4,382 were excluded after a title/abstract screen. RESULTS: Seventeen in vitro studies were included. The results showed that the higher the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, the lower the bond strength at dentine/restoration interface (p⟨0.01). Among the studies, sodium ascorbate was the most widely used neutralizer and showed the most significant results in increasing bond strength (p⟨0.01). The bond strength values were found to increase with longer application time of the neutralizing substances (p⟨0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of sodium ascorbate as a neutralizing agent can reverse the negative effects of the sodium hypochlorite and improve the bond strength between dentine and resin cement, however, it isn't possible to determine the best protocol for use.

Clinical Performance of Minimally Invasive Monolithic Ultratranslucent Zirconia Veneers: A Case Series up to Five Years of Follow-up.

There is a lack of reports in the literature on the long-term clinical performance of ultratranslucent zirconia, especially considering its use in manufacturing monolithic veneers. The purpose of this case series is to describe the aesthetic treatment steps of three patients with minimally invasive ultratranslucent zirconia veneers and to report the clinical findings up to five years. Three patients (woman: 2, man: 1; mean age: 30 years) unsatisfied with their dental aesthetics sought dental treatment. The treatment plan involved cementing ultratranslucent zirconia veneers. Air-abrasion was performed on the internal surface of zirconia with alumina particles coated by silica (silicatization), followed by silane and adhesive applications for the adhesive cementation. All veneers were adhesively cemented to enamel with resin cement (Variolink Esthetic, Ivoclar). The patients were clinically evaluated annually considering the Ryge modified/ California Dental Association criteria. After a mean follow-up of 4.33 years (4-5 years), a survival rate of 100% was detected for the 28 minimally invasive ultratranslucent zirconia veneers cemented in the 3 patients. There were no absolute failures such as debonding, veneer fracture, or secondary caries. Superficial marginal discoloration was observed in one element (maxillary left lateral incisor) of one patient. Ultratranslucent zirconia is a viable option for manufacturing veneers due to its excellent clinical performance and longevity. However, further long-term clinical studies are essential to consolidate this material as an option for esthetic restorations.

Infiltration OF 5Y-PSZ with thermally compatible glass: Strength, microstructure and failure mode analyses.

This study set out to develop a thermally compatible glass to be infiltrated into zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide (5Y-PSZ), to characterize it, and to evaluate its structural reliability and mechanical behavior. 5Y-PSZ zirconia discs (N = 90), dimensions 1.5 mm × 15 mm were produced, polished with #600 alumina oxide and #1200 silicon carbide sandpaper in a polisher. Three groups of 5Y-PSZ discs were assigned (n = 30): Zctrl: as sintered zirconia, Zinf-comp: glass-infiltrated zirconia on the occlusal surface, and sintered, and Zinf-tens: glass-infiltrated zirconia on the cementing surface and sintered; for biaxial flexural strength testing (ISO 6872:2015). A gel was synthesized via the sol-gel method and applied to the ceramic surface. Mechanical assay data (MPa) were evaluated via Weibull analysis (α = 5%) and specimens via X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and fractographic analysis. The Zinf-tens group showed a characteristic strength of 824 MPa and m = 9.9; Zinf-comp 613 MPa and m = 10.2; Zctrl 534 MPa and m = 8; all groups differed statistically (σ0). However, they were similar in structural homogeneity (m). XRD showed 20-50 µm of infiltration, which means dissolution of part of the yttrium and reduction in the size of the cubic grains. In addition, the Zinf-tens group presented a failure origin from inside the material. The developed glass infiltrated into zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide, increasing its characteristic strength and structural homogeneity by reducing surface defects and changing the failure mode.

Water as Veneering Modeling Liquid Affects Microhardness of Glassy Matrix Veneering Ceramic.

PURPOSE/AIM: To evaluate the effect of different veneering liquids used for modeling on microhardness, fracture toughness and biaxial flexural strength of a glass-veneering ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The manufacturer recommended modeling liquid (ML), distilled water (DW), isopropyl alcohol (IA), 0.5% (P05), 1% (P1), and 2% (P2) polyethylene glycol solutions were mixed with feldspathic ceramic powder to form disc-shaped samples (n=20, 15 mm × 1.2 mm). After sintering, samples were mirror-polished and subjected to Vickers indentation (n=5) for measurement of microhardness and fracture toughness. The remaining 15 samples from each group were subjected to biaxial flexural strength. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. RESULTS: The microhardness was affected by veneering liquid (p=0.002): DW promoted higher microhardness values than ML and IA. Fracture toughness (p=0.301) and flexural strength (p=0.930) were not affected by the veneering liquid but Weibull parameters were affected. All groups presented surface pores under high magnification. CONCLUSION: Even though the use of DW led to higher values of surface microhardness than the ML, all obtained values are inside the range of enamel microhardness values reported in the literature. Such parameters may affect antagonist wear and should be reported in clinical trials.

Profile of endoparasites in dairy cattle in the microregion of São João del-Rei, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / [Perfil de endoparasitas em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brasil]

The present study provides the first evaluation of the endoparasite profile in dairy cattle from the microregion of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, including seasonal variations in parasitic infections. Fecal samples were collected directly from rectum of 123 dairy cows and 160 calves on 15 farms. These were kept in insulated boxes and sent for immediate analysis. Using eggs per gram of feces (EPG) we found the following prevalences: Strongyloidea 43.5%, Moniezia sp. 7.6% and both Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris spp. 2.2%, in dairy cows. In calves, the prevalence was Strongyloidea 50.9%, Moniezia sp. 5.6% and Strongyloides sp. 1.9%. The third-stage larvae recovered from coprocultures from cows and calves consisted mainly of Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia spp. EPG counts were significantly higher in calves. Regarding seasonality, the EPG counts and prevalence of Moniezia sp. tended to be higher in the dry period, whereas those of Strongyloidea were higher in the rainy season. Evidence suggests that parasite control and prophylaxis were inadequately managed on the farms studied here. The present parasitological profile correlates with those found by other similar studies, indicating that the main problem is still the inadequate management of parasite control and prophylaxis by farmers.(AU)

O presente estudo representa a primeira avaliação do perfil de endoparasitos em bovinos leiteiros da microrregião de São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e das variações sazonais das infecções parasitárias. Foram avaliadas amostras fecais de 123 vacas e 160 bezerros de 15 propriedades rurais, coletadas diretamente do reto, mantidas em caixas térmicas isoladas e analisadas imediatamente. A contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) revelou prevalências de 43,5% de Strongyloidea, 7,6% de Moniezia sp. e 2,2% de Strongyloides sp. e Trichuris spp. em vacas leiteiras. As prevalências de OPG em bezerros foram 50,9% de Strongyloidea, 5,6% de Moniezia sp. e 1,9% de Strongyloides sp. As larvas do terceiro estádio recuperadas de coproculturas de vacas e bezerros foram principalmente de Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp. e Ostertagia spp. OPG dos parasitos foram significativamente maiores em bezerros. Em relação à sazonalidade, OPG e a prevalência de Moniezia sp. tenderam a ser maiores durante a estação seca, enquanto OPG de Strongyloidea foram maiores na estação chuvosa. Com base nos resultados, é possível concluir que o manejo antiparasitário nas propriedades estudadas não é realizado de maneira plenamente satisfatória. O presente perfil parasitológico se assemelha a outros encontrados em estudos semelhantes, indicando que o maior problema ainda é o manejo antiparasitário inadequado realizado nas propriedades de bovinos leiteiros.(AU)

Polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol for the reconstruction of the abdominal wall: an experimental study in rats / Telas de polipropileno revestidas com o filme de quitosana/polietilenoglicol para a reconstrução da parede abdominal: estudo experimental em ratos

The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue reactions triggered by the polypropylene mesh coated with chitosan and polyethylene glycol film, and if it's able to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Defects in the abdominal wall of rats were induced and polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CPEG group, n= 12) and uncoated (PP control group, n= 12) were implanted. On the fourth and forty-fifth postoperative day the formation of adhesion and the tissue reaction to the biomaterial was evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis. The area (P= 0.01) and severity (P= 0.002) of the adhesion was significatively less in the CPEG group. On the fourth day the foreign body reaction was less intense in CPEG group (P= 0.018) and the production of collagen fibers was more intense in this group (P= 0.041). The tissue reactions caused by the biomaterials were similar on the 45th day, with the exception of the high organization of collagen fibers in the CPEG group. The CPEG meshes did not fully prevent the formation of adhesions, but minimized the severity of the process. The foreign body reaction promoted by polypropylene meshes coated with CPEG is less intense than that triggered by uncoated polypropylene meshes.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as reações tissulares desencadeadas pela tela de polipropileno revestida com o filme de quitosana e polietilenoglicol e verificar se ela é capaz de prevenir a formação de aderências peritoneais. Um defeito na parede abdominal dos ratos foi realizado, e as telas de polipropileno revestidas com quitosana/polietilenoglicol (grupo CPEG, n= 12) e sem revestimento (grupo controle PP, n= 12) foram implantadas. No quarto e no 45º dia pós-operatório, avaliou-se a formação de aderências e a reação tecidual ao biomaterial por análise histológica e histoquímica. A área (P= 0,01) e a severidade (P= 0,002) da aderência peritoneal foram significativamente menores no grupo CPEG no 45º dia. No quarto dia, observou-se que a reação do corpo estranho foi menor no grupo CPEG (P= 0,018), e a produção de fibras de colágeno mais intensa (P= 0,041). As reações tissulares causadas pelos biomateriais implantados foram semelhantes no 45º dia, com exceção da melhor organização das fibras colágenas no grupo CPEG. As telas CPEG não impediram completamente a formação de aderências, porém minimizaram a gravidade do processo. A reação de corpo estranho promovida por telas de polipropileno revestidas com CPEG é menos intensa do que a desencadeada por telas de polipropileno não revestidas.(AU)

Polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol for the reconstruction of the abdominal wall: an experimental study in rats / Telas de polipropileno revestidas com o filme de quitosana/polietilenoglicol para a reconstrução da parede abdominal: estudo experimental em ratos

The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue reactions triggered by the polypropylene mesh coated with chitosan and polyethylene glycol film, and if it's able to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Defects in the abdominal wall of rats were induced and polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CPEG group, n= 12) and uncoated (PP control group, n= 12) were implanted. On the fourth and forty-fifth postoperative day the formation of adhesion and the tissue reaction to the biomaterial was evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis. The area (P= 0.01) and severity (P= 0.002) of the adhesion was significatively less in the CPEG group. On the fourth day the foreign body reaction was less intense in CPEG group (P= 0.018) and the production of collagen fibers was more intense in this group (P= 0.041). The tissue reactions caused by the biomaterials were similar on the 45th day, with the exception of the high organization of collagen fibers in the CPEG group. The CPEG meshes did not fully prevent the formation of adhesions, but minimized the severity of the process. The foreign body reaction promoted by polypropylene meshes coated with CPEG is less intense than that triggered by uncoated polypropylene meshes.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as reações tissulares desencadeadas pela tela de polipropileno revestida com o filme de quitosana e polietilenoglicol e verificar se ela é capaz de prevenir a formação de aderências peritoneais. Um defeito na parede abdominal dos ratos foi realizado, e as telas de polipropileno revestidas com quitosana/polietilenoglicol (grupo CPEG, n= 12) e sem revestimento (grupo controle PP, n= 12) foram implantadas. No quarto e no 45º dia pós-operatório, avaliou-se a formação de aderências e a reação tecidual ao biomaterial por análise histológica e histoquímica. A área (P= 0,01) e a severidade (P= 0,002) da aderência peritoneal foram significativamente menores no grupo CPEG no 45º dia. No quarto dia, observou-se que a reação do corpo estranho foi menor no grupo CPEG (P= 0,018), e a produção de fibras de colágeno mais intensa (P= 0,041). As reações tissulares causadas pelos biomateriais implantados foram semelhantes no 45º dia, com exceção da melhor organização das fibras colágenas no grupo CPEG. As telas CPEG não impediram completamente a formação de aderências, porém minimizaram a gravidade do processo. A reação de corpo estranho promovida por telas de polipropileno revestidas com CPEG é menos intensa do que a desencadeada por telas de polipropileno não revestidas.(AU)

Silica-Based Infiltrations for Enhanced Zirconia-Resin Interface Toughness.

Novel silica-based infiltrations on the surface of zirconia have the potential to improve their bondability, allowing for the etching/silane adhesive bonding technique. Nonetheless, adhesively bonded joints are subject to mixed tensile and shear stresses when the restoration is in occlusal service. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 2 novel silica-based infiltrations on the interfacial toughness of adhesively bonded zirconia using the Brazil nut method, which allows for controlled types of stresses to be applied at the interfaces. In total, 150 3Y-TZP (In-Ceram YZ; Vita) Brazil nuts were machined and randomly assigned to 3 groups: C, control (air abraded); SG, sol-gel silica infiltration; and GI, glass infiltration. SG specimens were immersed twice in silicic acid for 20 min and dried (100°C, 1 h). GI specimens were presintered (1,400°C, 1 h) before a glass powder slurry was applied to the intaglio surface. All specimens were then sintered (1,530°C, 2 h). Following adhesive bonding (Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray) and water storage (37°C) for 10 d, the Brazil nuts were subdivided into groups baseline and aged (40,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 30 s). The Brazil nuts were subjected to axial-loading tests using various inclinations (precrack angle with load direction): Θ = 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 25°, which define the stress type at the interface, from pure tension (0°) to increasing levels of shear. Under pure tension (0°), GI yielded superior interfacial fracture energy, SG and C were similar, and aging had no effect. Under predominantly shear stresses (25°), aging significantly decreased interfacial fracture energy of C and SG, while GI remained stable and was superior. The glass infiltration of the zirconia intaglio surface increases its adhesive bonding interfacial toughness. The sol-gel silica infiltration method requires improvement to obtain a homogeneous surface infiltration and an enhanced bond strength.

A new silica-infiltrated Y-TZP obtained by the sol-gel method.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate silica infiltration into dental zirconia (VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ, Vita Zahnfabrik) and its effects on zirconia's surface characteristics, structural homogeneity and bonding to a resin cement. METHODS: Infiltration was performed by immersion of the pre-sintered zirconia specimens in silica sols for five days (ZIn). Negative (pure zirconia specimens, ZCon-) and positive controls (specimens kept in water for 5 days, ZCon+) were also performed. After sintering, the groups were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing angle X-ray diffraction (DRXR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, optical profilometry, biaxial flexural test and shear bonding test. Weibull analysis was used to determine the Weibull modulus (m) and characteristic strength (σ0) of all groups. RESULTS: There were no major changes in strength for the infiltrated group, and homogeneity (m) was also increased. A layer of ZrSiO4 was formed on the surface. The bond strength to resin cement was improved after zirconia infiltration, acid conditioning and the use of an MDP primer. CONCLUSION: The sol-gel method is an efficient and simple method to increase the homogeneity of zirconia. Infiltration also improved bonding to resin cement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The performance of a zirconia infiltrated by silica gel improved in at least two ways: structural homogeneity and bonding to resin cement. The infiltration is simple to perform and can be easily managed in a prosthesis laboratory.

Salinity and temperature variations reflecting on cellular PCNA, IGF-I and II expressions, body growth and muscle cellularity of a freshwater fish larvae.

The present study assessed the influence of salinity and temperature on body growth and on muscle cellularity of Lophiosilurus alexaxdri vitelinic larvae. Slightly salted environments negatively influenced body growth of freshwater fish larvae and we observed that those conditions notably act as an environmental influencer on muscle growth and on local expression of hypertrophia and hypeplasia markers (IGFs and PCNA). Furthermore, we could see that salinity tolerance for NaCl 4gl(-)(1) diminishes with increasing temperature, evidenced by variation in body and muscle growth, and by irregular morphology of the lateral skeletal muscle of larvae. We saw that an increase of both PCNA and autocrine IGF-II are correlated to an increase in fibre numbers and fibre diameter as the temperature increases and salinity diminishes. On the other hand, autocrine IGF-I follows the opposite way to the other biological parameters assessed, increasing as salinity increases and temperature diminishes, showing that this protein did not participate in muscle cellularity, but participating in molecular/cellular repair. Therefore, slightly salted environments may provide adverse conditions that cause some obstacles to somatic growth of this species, suggesting some osmotic expenditure with a salinity increment.

Ocorrência de equídeos soropositivos para os vírus das encefalomielites e anemia infecciosa no estado de Mato Grosso / The occurrence of equids seropositive for encephalomyelitis and infectious anemia virus in Mato Grosso state, Brazil

O presente trabalho determinou a ocorrência de equídeos com sorologia positiva para os vírus das encefalomielites virais dos tipos Leste (EEL), Oeste (EEO) e Venezuelana (EEV) e Anemia Infecciosa (AIE) nos biomas Amazônico, Pantaneiro e Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso. A detecção de anticorpos para AIE foi realizada em 886 soros pela prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), enquanto que para EEL, EEO e EEV foi realizada em 473 soros pela Microtécnica de Soroneutra-lização viral em culturas de células VERO. Para AIE, 46 (5,1%) equídeos foram positivos, não sendo observados animais positivos da região amazônica e a maior frequência ocorrendo no ambiente do pantanal com 36,6% de animais positivos (P < 0,05). Para as encefalites virais, foram detectados 168 (35,5%) equídeos positivos para EEL e 31 (6,5%) para EEV. Não houve soros positivos para EEO. As maiores frequências de animais positivos para EEL foram observadas nos ambientes pantaneiro e amazônico com 45,8% e 62,0%, respectivamente (P < 0,05). Os três biomas estudados apresentaram ocorrência similar (P > 0.05) de animais positivos para EEV, com 4,1%, 6,4% e 10,3% para o pantanal, cerrado e amazônia, respectivamente. Embora não apresentando equídeos reagente ao vírus da AIE na região amazônica, a presença de positivos em Mato Grosso encontra-se dentro do relatado no Brasil. O comportamento diferenciado do vírus da EEL e EEV nos três ecossistemas estudados reforça a presença de animais reservatórios, condições ambientais e climáticas que favorecem a proliferação de vetores que propiciam a infecção pelos vírus no Estado de Mato Grosso.(AU)

The present work evaluated the occurrence of seropositive equids for eastern encephalomyelitis virus (EEE), western encephalomyelitis virus (WEE), Venezuelan encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) and infectious anemia virus (IAV) in the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon biomes of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The detection of antibodies against IAV was carried out in 886 sera of equids by the immunodiffusion test, and antibodies against EEE, WEE and VEE were evaluated in 473 sera by the seroneutralization test performed in VERO cells. The results showed 46 IAV seropositive equids (5.1%). No sera was positive in the Amazon region, and the Pantanal biome showed a higher occurrence with 36.6% of seropositives (P < 0.05). No sera was positive for WEE virus and 168 (35.5%) and 31 (6.5%) equids were positive for EEE and VEE respectively. Higher frequencies (P < 0.05) were observed for EEE in the Pantanal and Amazon regions with 45.8% and 62.0% respectively. Regarding EEV, no differences were observed between the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon regions, presenting 4.1%, 6.4% and 10.3% respectively (P > 0.05). Despite that IAV was not observed in equids from the Amazon, the occurrence of seropositive equids agree with the Brazilian prevalence. The differences of EEE and VEE behavior between biomes reinforce the presence of animal reservoirs, along with environmental and weather characteristics that support vector maintenance, which favor the presence of the viral infection in Mato Grosso State.(AU)

Ocorrência de equídeos soropositivos para os vírus das encefalomielites e anemia infecciosa no Estado de Mato Grosso

The present work evaluated the occurrence of seropositive equids for eastern encephalomyelitis virus (EEE), western encephalomyelitis virus (WEE), Venezuelan encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) and infectious anemia virus (IAV) in the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon biomes of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The detection of antibodies against IAV was carried out in 886 sera of equids by the immunodiffusion test, and antibodies against EEE, WEE and VEE were evaluated in 473 sera by the seroneutralization test performed in VERO cells. The results showed 46 IAV seropositive equids (5.1%). No sera was positive in the Amazon region, and the Pantanal biome showed a higher occurrence with 36.6% of seropositives (P 0.05). No sera was positive for WEE virus and 168 (35.5%) and 31 (6.5%) equids were positive for EEE and VEE respectively. Higher frequencies (P 0.05) were observed for EEE in the Pantanal and Amazon regions with 45.8% and 62.0% respectively. Regarding EEV, no differences were observed between the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon regions, presenting 4.1%, 6.4% and 10.3% respectively (P > 0.05). Despite that IAV was not observed in equids from the Amazon, the occurrence of seropositive equids agree with the Brazilian prevalence. The differences of EEE and VEE behavior between biomes reinforce the presence of animal reservoirs, along with environmental and weather characteristics that support vector maintenance, which favor the presence of the viral infection in Mato Grosso State.

O presente trabalho determinou a ocorrência de equídeos com sorologia positiva para os vírus das encefalomielites virais dos tipos Leste (EEL), Oeste (EEO) e Venezuelana (EEV) e Anemia Infecciosa (AIE) nos biomas Amazônico, Pantaneiro e Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso. A detecção de anticorpos para AIE foi realizada em 886 soros pela prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), enquanto que para EEL, EEO e EEV foi realizada em 473 soros pela Microtécnica de Soroneutra-lização viral em culturas de células VERO. Para AIE, 46 (5,1%) equídeos foram positivos, não sendo observados animais positivos da região amazônica e a maior frequência ocorrendo no ambiente do pantanal com 36,6% de animais positivos (P 0,05). Para as encefalites virais, foram detectados 168 (35,5%) equídeos positivos para EEL e 31 (6,5%) para EEV. Não houve soros positivos para EEO. As maiores frequências de animais positivos para EEL foram observadas nos ambientes pantaneiro e amazônico com 45,8% e 62,0%, respectivamente (P 0,05). Os três biomas estudados apresentaram ocorrência similar (P > 0.05) de animais positivos para EEV, com 4,1%, 6,4% e 10,3% para o pantanal, cerrado e amazônia, respectivamente. Embora não apresentando equídeos reagente ao vírus da AIE na região amazônica, a presença de positivos em Mato Grosso encontra-se dentro do relatado no Brasil. O comportamento diferenciado do vírus da EEL e EEV nos três ecossistemas estudados reforça a presença de animais reservatórios, condições ambientais e climáticas que favorecem a proliferação de vetores que propiciam a infecção pelos vírus no Estado de Mato Grosso.

Ocorrência de equídeos soropositivos para os vírus das encefalomielites e anemia infecciosa no estado de Mato Grosso / The occurrence of equids seropositive for encephalomyelitis and infectious anemia virus in Mato Grosso state, Brazil

O presente trabalho determinou a ocorrência de equídeos com sorologia positiva para os vírus das encefalomielites virais dos tipos Leste (EEL), Oeste (EEO) e Venezuelana (EEV) e Anemia Infecciosa (AIE) nos biomas Amazônico, Pantaneiro e Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso. A detecção de anticorpos para AIE foi realizada em 886 soros pela prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), enquanto que para EEL, EEO e EEV foi realizada em 473 soros pela Microtécnica de Soroneutra-lização viral em culturas de células VERO. Para AIE, 46 (5,1%) equídeos foram positivos, não sendo observados animais positivos da região amazônica e a maior frequência ocorrendo no ambiente do pantanal com 36,6% de animais positivos (P 0.05) de animais positivos para EEV, com 4,1%, 6,4% e 10,3% para o pantanal, cerrado e amazônia, respectivamente. Embora não apresentando equídeos reagente ao vírus da AIE na região amazônica, a presença de positivos em Mato Grosso encontra-se dentro do relatado no Brasil. O comportamento diferenciado do vírus da EEL e EEV nos três ecossistemas estudados reforça a presença de animais reservatórios, condições ambientais e climáticas que favorecem a proliferação de vetores que propiciam a infecção pelos vírus no Estado de Mato Grosso.

The present work evaluated the occurrence of seropositive equids for eastern encephalomyelitis virus (EEE), western encephalomyelitis virus (WEE), Venezuelan encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) and infectious anemia virus (IAV) in the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon biomes of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The detection of antibodies against IAV was carried out in 886 sera of equids by the immunodiffusion test, and antibodies against EEE, WEE and VEE were evaluated in 473 sera by the seroneutralization test performed in VERO cells. The results showed 46 IAV seropositive equids (5.1%). No sera was positive in the Amazon region, and the Pantanal biome showed a higher occurrence with 36.6% of seropositives (P 0.05). Despite that IAV was not observed in equids from the Amazon, the occurrence of seropositive equids agree with the Brazilian prevalence. The differences of EEE and VEE behavior between biomes reinforce the presence of animal reservoirs, along with environmental and weather characteristics that support vector maintenance, which favor the presence of the viral infection in Mato Grosso State.

Ocorrência de equídeos soropositivos para os vírus das encefalomielites e anemia infecciosa no Estado de Mato Grosso

The present work evaluated the occurrence of seropositive equids for eastern encephalomyelitis virus (EEE), western encephalomyelitis virus (WEE), Venezuelan encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) and infectious anemia virus (IAV) in the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon biomes of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The detection of antibodies against IAV was carried out in 886 sera of equids by the immunodiffusion test, and antibodies against EEE, WEE and VEE were evaluated in 473 sera by the seroneutralization test performed in VERO cells. The results showed 46 IAV seropositive equids (5.1%). No sera was positive in the Amazon region, and the Pantanal biome showed a higher occurrence with 36.6% of seropositives (P 0.05). No sera was positive for WEE virus and 168 (35.5%) and 31 (6.5%) equids were positive for EEE and VEE respectively. Higher frequencies (P 0.05) were observed for EEE in the Pantanal and Amazon regions with 45.8% and 62.0% respectively. Regarding EEV, no differences were observed between the Pantanal, Savannah and Amazon regions, presenting 4.1%, 6.4% and 10.3% respectively (P > 0.05). Despite that IAV was not observed in equids from the Amazon, the occurrence of seropositive equids agree with the Brazilian prevalence. The differences of EEE and VEE behavior between biomes reinforce the presence of animal reservoirs, along with environmental and weather characteristics that support vector maintenance, which favor the presence of the viral infection in Mato Grosso State.

O presente trabalho determinou a ocorrência de equídeos com sorologia positiva para os vírus das encefalomielites virais dos tipos Leste (EEL), Oeste (EEO) e Venezuelana (EEV) e Anemia Infecciosa (AIE) nos biomas Amazônico, Pantaneiro e Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso. A detecção de anticorpos para AIE foi realizada em 886 soros pela prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), enquanto que para EEL, EEO e EEV foi realizada em 473 soros pela Microtécnica de Soroneutra-lização viral em culturas de células VERO. Para AIE, 46 (5,1%) equídeos foram positivos, não sendo observados animais positivos da região amazônica e a maior frequência ocorrendo no ambiente do pantanal com 36,6% de animais positivos (P 0,05). Para as encefalites virais, foram detectados 168 (35,5%) equídeos positivos para EEL e 31 (6,5%) para EEV. Não houve soros positivos para EEO. As maiores frequências de animais positivos para EEL foram observadas nos ambientes pantaneiro e amazônico com 45,8% e 62,0%, respectivamente (P 0,05). Os três biomas estudados apresentaram ocorrência similar (P > 0.05) de animais positivos para EEV, com 4,1%, 6,4% e 10,3% para o pantanal, cerrado e amazônia, respectivamente. Embora não apresentando equídeos reagente ao vírus da AIE na região amazônica, a presença de positivos em Mato Grosso encontra-se dentro do relatado no Brasil. O comportamento diferenciado do vírus da EEL e EEV nos três ecossistemas estudados reforça a presença de animais reservatórios, condições ambientais e climáticas que favorecem a proliferação de vetores que propiciam a infecção pelos vírus no Estado de Mato Grosso.

Efficacy of cypermethrin on the control of Struthiolipeurus spp. (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) in ostrich / Eficácia da cipermetrina no controle de Struthiolipeurus spp. (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) em avestruz

Duzentos e quarenta avestruzes, com idades entre 12 e 24 meses, foram examinados quanto ao parasitismo por Struthiolipeurus spp. Destes, 168 apresentavam-se infestados por piolhos (70 por cento). Todas as aves foram tratadas com solução de cipermetrina a 15 por cento, na diluição de 1ml/l, por pulverização com auxílio de uma bomba costal. Os animais positivos foram reexaminados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 após o tratamento, e não foram mais encontrados piolhos. A cipermetrina apresentou 100 por cento de eficácia no controle de piolhos do gênero Struthiolipeurus em avestruz.(AU)

Efficacy of cypermethrin on the control of Struthiolipeurus spp. (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) in ostrich / Eficácia da cipermetrina no controle de Struthiolipeurus spp. (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) em avestruz

Duzentos e quarenta avestruzes, com idades entre 12 e 24 meses, foram examinados quanto ao parasitismo por Struthiolipeurus spp. Destes, 168 apresentavam-se infestados por piolhos (70 por cento). Todas as aves foram tratadas com solução de cipermetrina a 15 por cento, na diluição de 1ml/l, por pulverização com auxílio de uma bomba costal. Os animais positivos foram reexaminados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 após o tratamento, e não foram mais encontrados piolhos. A cipermetrina apresentou 100 por cento de eficácia no controle de piolhos do gênero Struthiolipeurus em avestruz.