[AGING AND OSTEOARTHRITIS. CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATION AS A LINK BETWEEN AGING AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (REVIEW)].

This article presents review on the processes underlying aging and the most common age-associated diseases. Special attention is given to the role of chronic nonspecific inflammation. Based on the literature data it was demonstrated that aging and osteoarthritis have the same basic molecular and cellular mechanisms, among which general are cascades intracellular transcription chronic nonspecific inflammation and metabolic disturbances plays an important role. It is concluded that the process of normal aging is not a disease, but makes the human body, and particularly the musculoskeletal system, susceptible to age-associated changes. Number of changes in the human body that accompany the aging process, and play a role in the development and progression of OA, are potentially reversible, regardless of age (eg, chronic non-specific inflammation), and can be considered as a possible entry points for the effective prevention and complex therapy of OA in elderly people.

Psychiatric treatment outcome research.

This paper considers the critical importance of the evaluation of effectiveness in the treatment of mental illness. Several problems related to this issue are enumerated and described. These include knowledge of the history of the disorder, the problem of defining therapy, political issues, and methodological approaches.

Interpretation and working through.

The function of insight is independent of content. Insight is the result of the assignment of meaning as distinct from finding meaning. Interpretation leads to insight which binds anxiety and lifts repression, thus providing relief of symptoms. Working is learning to apply the assigned meaning to new situations.