ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescents have extensive use of screens and, they have common complains related to mental health. Here a systematic review was done to understand the association between screen time and adolescent's mental health. METHOD: This review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. An update search was performed in January 2023 with the following keywords: "screen time," "adolescent," and "mental health" on PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. RESULTS: 50 articles were included, most have found associations between screen exposure and mental health in adolescents. The most used device by adolescents was the smartphone and the use on weekdays was associated with diminished mental well-being. Social media use was negatively associated with mental well-being and, in girls, associated at higher risk for depression. CONCLUSION: Excessive screen time in adolescents seems associated with mental health problems. Given the profusion and disparity of the results, additional studies are needed to clarify elements such as the screen content or the interaction of adolescents with different screen devices. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022302817.
Subject(s)
Mental Health , Screen Time , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Smartphone , Depression , Psychological Well-BeingABSTRACT
Electronic media pervade modern life. Childhood is a crucial period for attentional development and the screen exposure time is increasing. This review aimed to understand the association between screen time and attention of children with typical development. A systematic review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes PRISMA being registered at Prospero under number CRD42021228721. A search was performed in January 2021 with the following keywords: "screen time," "children," and "attention," combined with the operator AND, on databases PubMed, and PsycINFO. Four hundred and ninety-eight articles were identified, and 41 papers were fully read, of which 11 were included in this review. Most studies found associations between screen time and attention in children. Only one study reported that children with more screen time performed better in an attention task. The findings suggest that exposure to excessive screen time in children can be associated with attention problems. Parents and teachers may be involved in controlling screen exposure, especially after the extensive exposition to online classes, due to the pandemic. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of this overexposure on care over time.
Subject(s)
Parents , Screen Time , Attention , Child , HumansABSTRACT
This review focused on knowledge about the effects of music on attention. The revision was performed in compliance with the PRISMA protocol, being registered at Prospero under number CRD42020172933. Across reviewed studies, the music improved performance on attention tasks, either by listening or using it within a procedure to modulate mood and motivation. It is still difficult to generalize and compare the results because of methodology and study design diversity. Further studies are needed to increase knowledge about the effect of music effect, especially to evaluate if it might have any potential clinical use.
Subject(s)
Music , Affect , Attention , Auditory Perception , Humans , MotivationABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: In the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the identification of functional impairments in home context is an important feature for the diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate the scientific knowledge regarding household participation of children with attention deficit with hyperactivity and implications for clinical practice. Method: A systematic review was performed using the keywords: "attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity", "ADHD", "household chores" and "household task" at PUBMED and SCOPUS. The inclusion criteria adopted were: original articles, in English, studied population composed of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 6 to 17 years old, and articles available in their complete versions. Results: The search resulted in 43 articles, and only four studies were included. From the analysis of the articles, it was verified that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder perform tasks similar to children with typical development. However, children with ADHD receive more assistance of caregivers than their peers. Age, gender, presence of older sibling, and the importance attributed by parents seem to be associated with increased task performance, while oppositional symptoms, diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental stress level seem to be associated with increased care from caregivers. Conclusion: Few studies evaluated household chores participation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the findings cannot be generalized. Future investigations about other factors of home environment still need to improve the knowledge about the participation of this population and then to guide interventions in clinical practice.
Resumo Introdução: No Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, a identificação de prejuízos funcionais no contexto domiciliar é um elemento importante para o diagnóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento científico acerca da participação doméstica de crianças e adolescentes com déficit de atenção com hiperatividade e implicações para a prática clínica. Método: Revisão sistemática com as palavras-chave/descritores, "attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity", "ADHD", "household chores" e "household task" no PubMed e Scopus. Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram: artigos originais, em inglês, amostra composta por crianças e adolescentes com o diagnóstico de TDAH, com idade entre 6 e 17 anos e artigos disponíveis em suas versões completas. Resultados: A busca resultou em 43 estudos, sendo apenas quatro incluídos. A partir da análise dos artigos foi possível constatar que crianças com déficit de atenção com hiperatividade desempenham tarefas de modo semelhante ao de crianças com desenvolvimento típico, todavia crianças com TDAH recebem mais assistência pelos cuidadores quando comparadas a seus pares. A idade, sexo, irmão mais velho e a importância atribuída pelos pais parecem estar associados ao aumento no desempenho das tarefas, enquanto os sintomas de oposição, ter o diagnóstico de TDAH e o nível de estresse dos pais, ao aumento da assistência pelos cuidadores. Conclusão: São poucos os estudos envolvendo crianças com déficit de atenção com hiperatividade, e não é possível a generalização dos achados. Investigações futuras sobre outros fatores do ambiente domiciliar são necessárias para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a participação dessa população e nortear intervenções para a prática clínica.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the associations among symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents' performance in household tasks and assistance provided by caregivers. Parents of children from 6 to 14 years old with ADHD (n = 67) were interviewed with the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES) instrument. Significant correlations were found between symptoms of ODD and assistance in self-care tasks (r = -0.31; p = 0.01); symptoms of hyperactivity correlated with assistance in self-care (r = -0.30, p = 0.01); and family-care (r = -0.25, p = 0.04) tasks. Age was directly associated with the number of tasks performed by children and inversely related to the assistance provided by caregivers. A greater number of ODD symptoms resulted in more household assistance from caregivers. Characteristics of ODD symptoms, such as disobedience and hostility in the face of authority, may limit these children in accessing household tasks by their own initiative, requiring assistance from caregivers.
Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Task Performance and Analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/physiopathology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology , Brazil , Caregivers , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology , Child Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Household Work , Humans , Intelligence Tests , Male , Middle Aged , Parent-Child Relations , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the associations among symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents’ performance in household tasks and assistance provided by caregivers. Parents of children from 6 to 14 years old with ADHD (n = 67) were interviewed with the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES) instrument. Significant correlations were found between symptoms of ODD and assistance in self-care tasks (r = −0.31; p = 0.01); symptoms of hyperactivity correlated with assistance in self-care (r = −0.30, p = 0.01); and family-care (r = −0.25, p = 0.04) tasks. Age was directly associated with the number of tasks performed by children and inversely related to the assistance provided by caregivers. A greater number of ODD symptoms resulted in more household assistance from caregivers. Characteristics of ODD symptoms, such as disobedience and hostility in the face of authority, may limit these children in accessing household tasks by their own initiative, requiring assistance from caregivers.
RESUMO Este estudo avaliou transversalmente a correlação entre sintomas de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) e de oposição com desempenho de crianças e adolescentes nas tarefas domésticas e assistência disponibilizada pelos cuidadores. Pais de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH (n = 67), de 6 a 14 anos, foram entrevistados com o children helping out: responsibilities, expectations and supports (CHORES). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre sintomas de oposição e assistência em cuidado próprio (r = -0,31; p = 0,01) e de hiperatividade com assistência em cuidado próprio (r = -0,30, p = 0,01) e em cuidado familiar (r = -0,25, p = 0,04). Idade está diretamente correlacionada ao número de tarefas desempenhadas pela criança e inversamente associada à assistência disponibilizada pelos cuidadores. Maior número de sintomas de oposição resultou em maior assistência disponibilizada. Características dos sintomas de oposição, como a desobediência e hostilidade frente às autoridades, são limitantes para que essas crianças acessem as tarefas por iniciativa própria, demandando maior assistência dos cuidadores.
