ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surgical risk stratification is crucial for enhancing perioperative assistance and allocating resources efficiently. However, existing models may not capture the complexity of surgical care in Brazil. Using data from various healthcare settings nationwide, we developed a new risk model for 30-day in-hospital mortality (the Ex-Care BR model). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 10 hospitals from different geographic regions in Brazil. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression models. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Brier score, and calibration plots. Derivation and validation cohorts were randomly assigned. RESULTS: A total of 107,372 patients were included, and 30-day in-hospital mortality was 2.1% (n=2261). The final risk model comprised four predictors related to the patient and surgery (age, ASA physical status classification, surgical urgency, and surgical size), and the random effect related to hospitals. The model showed excellent discrimination (AUROC=0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.94), calibration, and overall performance (Brier score=0.017) in the derivation cohort (n=75,094). Similar results were observed in the validation cohort (n=32,278) (AUROC=0.93, 95% CI, 0.92-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The Ex-Care BR is the first model to consider regional and organisational peculiarities of the Brazilian surgical scene, in addition to patient and surgical factors. It is particularly useful for identifying high-risk surgical patients in situations demanding efficient allocation of limited resources. However, a thorough exploration of mortality variations among hospitals is essential for a comprehensive understanding of risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05796024.
Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality , Humans , Male , Female , Brazil/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Aged , Risk Assessment/methods , Adult , Surgical Procedures, Operative/mortality , Cohort Studies , Aged, 80 and over , ROC Curve , Young Adult , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Labor pain has been reported as a severe pain and can be considered as a model of acute visceral pain. It is well known that extracellular purines have an important role in pain signaling in the central nervous system. This study analyzes the relationship between extracellular purines and pain perception during active labor. A prospective observational study was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the purines and their metabolites were compared between women at term pregnancy with labor pain (n = 49) and without labor pain (Caesarian section; n = 47). Control groups (healthy men and women without chronic or acute pain-n = 40 and 32, respectively) were also investigated. The CSF levels of adenosine were significantly lower in the labor pain group (P = 0.026) and negatively correlated with pain intensity measured by a visual analogue scale (r = -0.48, P = 0.0005). Interestingly, CSF levels of uric acid were significantly higher in healthy men as compared to women. Additionally, pregnant women showed increased CSF levels of ADP, GDP, adenosine and guanosine and reduced CSF levels of AMP, GTP, and uric acid as compared to non-pregnant women (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that purines, in special the nucleoside adenosine, are associated with pregnancy and labor pain.
Subject(s)
Labor Pain/cerebrospinal fluid , Labor, Obstetric/cerebrospinal fluid , Purines/cerebrospinal fluid , Adenosine/cerebrospinal fluid , Adenosine Diphosphate/cerebrospinal fluid , Adult , Cesarean Section , Female , Guanosine/cerebrospinal fluid , Guanosine Diphosphate/cerebrospinal fluid , Humans , Male , Pain Measurement , Pain Perception , Pregnancy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study analyzes the relationship between extracellular purines and pain perception in humans. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of purines and their metabolites were compared between patients displaying acute and/or chronic pain syndromes and control subjects. The CSF levels of IMP, inosine, guanosine and uric acid were significantly increased in the chronic pain group and correlated with pain severity (P<0.05). Patients displaying both chronic and acute pain presented similar changes in the CSF purines concentration (P<0.05). However, in the acute pain group, only CSF inosine and uric acid levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). These findings suggest that purines, in special inosine, guanosine and uric acid, are associated with the spinal mechanisms underlying nociception.
Subject(s)
Pain Threshold/physiology , Pain/cerebrospinal fluid , Pain/psychology , Purines/cerebrospinal fluid , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement/methods , Prospective Studies , Statistics as Topic , Young AdultABSTRACT
Foram estudados o volume e o pH gástrico imediatamente após a induçäo da anestesia e intubaçäo traqueal, em trinta pacientes submetidos a cirurgia eletivas. Quinze pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia (Grupo I) e 15 a procedimentos cirúrgicos ginecológicos (Grupo II - controle) com o propósito de identificar se o volume e o pH do suco gástrico pré-operatório, no Grupo I, o inclui em grupo de risco para a aspiraçäo pulmonar. Näo houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com respeito ao volume e pH do conteúdo gástrico aspirado
