ABSTRACT
Background. Overweight and obesity arise from a complex range of genetic, environmental, behavioral, educational, and socioeconomic factors. The present study explored the sedentary practices and some life habits related to health among children from the school population of Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to characterize the life habits of the school boys and girls from fourth grade (9-10 years old). Results: A total of 470 fourth-grade boys and girls (9-10 years old) participated in the study. As regards the variables linked to habits, 24% of the boys and girls answered they had not had breakfast the day they completed the questionnaire and 51.8% stated they did not have breakfast any given day of the week. Regarding sedentary habits, 25.3% of children watched TV or played video games five or more hours a day and 9% rarely played sports with their parents or caregivers. Statistical significance was recorded between "number of hours watching TV and playing video games" and "playing sports with parents or caregivers" (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Association between the times spent watching TV or playing video games and the practice of physical exercise in the family proves once again the importance of the family in education for the health of children. The school provides direct access to schoolchildren and their parents to launch numerous health education programs.
Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Sedentary Behavior , Body Weight , Brazil , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Female , Humans , Male , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Television , Video GamesABSTRACT
Breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, and omitting it is associated with a greater probability of overweight and school absenteeism. The eating habits constituted in children depend on social, educational and economic factors, and they usually perpetuate into adulthood. For this reason, the most propitious stage for health promotion interventions on healthy nutrition is childhood. Specifically, in Brazil, malnutrition is relevant in children from low-income families although, currently, there are few studies that relate nutrition with the social factors. In this study, a reliability analysis of the Eating Habits of the School Population questionnaire was conducted, and the items referring to the breakfast habits and to some sociodemographic variables were selected. Subsequently, a total of 470 fourth grade pupils self-completed the questionnaire in 12 schools in Uruguaiana (Brazil). More than 50% of the mothers and more than 70% of the fathers worked in diverse areas of services and sales in stores or supermarkets. With regards to the hypothesis contrast, a significant relation was observed between the frequency of having breakfast with the father or the mother and having had breakfast (p < 0.001). This type of study favors a population analysis for the subsequent design and execution of health promotion activities.
Subject(s)
Breakfast , Feeding Behavior , Schools , Adult , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Cities , Fathers , Female , Humans , Male , Mothers , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: conhecer como é percebida e abordada a saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes pelos enfermeiros na atenção primária à saúde. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2018. Participaram nove enfermeiros vinculados às Estratégias Saúde da Família de um município do sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados foram estudados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se que persiste uma visão reducionista sobre a saúde sexual e reprodutiva na atenção primária à saúde. As estratégias para abordar tal tema abarcam a compreensão das experiências dos adolescentes acerca da sexualidade por meio do estímulo à autonomia, do acolhimento da demanda espontânea, das consultas de enfermagem, dos grupos educativos e da abordagem no contexto escolar. Conclusão: os profissionais necessitam atuar na promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva e identificar os problemas dessa população, conferindo-lhe visibilidade no serviço de saúde. É importante repensar as práticas junto ao adolescente, sendo necessário criar espaços apropriados e relacionar a família e a escola.
Resumen Objetivo: conocer cómo perciben y abordan la salud sexual y reproductiva de adolescentes los profesionales de enfermería en la atención primaria en salud. Materiales y métodos: estúdio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, realizado en el primer semestre de 2018. Participaron nueve enfermeros relacionados con las Estrategias Salud de la Familia de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Se efectuaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y los datos se examinaron según el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: se evidenció que persiste una visión reduccionista sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en la atención primaria en salud. Las estrategias para abordar este tema abarcan la comprensión de las experiencias de los adolescentes acerca de la sexualidad, por medio del estímulo a la autonomía, de la acogida de la demanda espontánea, de las consultas de enfermería, de los grupos educativos y del enfoque en el contexto escolar. Conclusión: los profesionales sanitarios necesitan actuar en la promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva e identificar los problemas de los adolescentes, dándoles visibilidad en el servicio de salud. Importante repensar las prácticas junto al adolescente, siendo menester crear espacios apropiados y relacionar a la familia y la escuela.
Abstract Objective: to learn how nursing professionals perceive and approach the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in primary health care. Materials and methods: qualitative study of descriptive type, carried out in the first semester of 2018. Nine nurses related to the Family Health Strategies of a municipality in southern Brazil participated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were examined according to the thematic content analysis. Results: it was revealed that a reductionist vision on sexual and reproductive health persists in primary health care. Strategies to address this issue cover an understanding of adolescent experiences about sexuality, through encouragement to autonomy, acceptance of spontaneous demand, nursing consultations, educational groups and focus on the school context. Conclusion: health professionals need to act in the promotion of sexual and reproductive health, and identify adolescent problems, giving them visibility in the health service. It is important to rethink practices with the adolescent, being necessary to create appropriate spaces and connect family and school.
