Middle through late Holocene long-distance transport of exotic shell personal adornments in Central West Patagonia (southern South America). The archaeomalacological assemblage of Baño Nuevo 1.

The exchange of information and social interactions on broad spatial scales between human groups in the past can be studied through the provenance of key indicators of distant origin recorded at archaeological sites. The remains of shells of mollusk species, especially when crafted as elements of personal ornaments, express aspects of the behaviors and valuations for the populations that selected, transformed, and exchanged such items. In the southern cone of South America, past hunter-gatherer groups traveled long distances and interacted with communities distributed throughout the territory to acquire goods for technological use, visual display or considered highly valued materials. When recorded at distant locations, these goods of extra local origin are very informative regarding the differences between commonly used home ranges and the occasional access to remote spaces. We present the results of the analysis of the archaeomalacological assemblage of the Baño Nuevo 1 site, a cave with exceptional preservation conditions in Central West Patagonia. This site has yielded a diverse group of artifacts made of shells with origins from multiple distances, as well as evidence of the use of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species. Its deposits, which extend over the last 11,000 years, reveal an antiquity of at least the middle Holocene for the acquisition, manufacture, use and transport of goods as personal ornaments from shells in the macroregion.

Factores asociados al nivel de autoeficacia en mujeres lactantes del IMSS, Tabasco / Factors associated with the level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding women from IMSS, Tabasco

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al nivel de autoeficacia en las mujeres lactantes de la UMF No. 47, IMSS, Tabasco. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, en una muestra de 197 mujeres lactantes, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y obstétrico diseñado por el investigador, y la escala de autoeficacia de lactancia materna en su forma corta (BSES-SF), de 14 ítems, con alfa de Cronbach de 0.92. El análisis incluyo estadística descriptiva, así como estadística inferencial donde se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrada de Pearson. Se obtuvo la magnitud de asociación, con los riesgos de prevalencia (tablas de 2x2), y valor de p≤0.05 con prueba exacta de Fisher. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa estadístico SPSS 25 y STATA 6. Resultados: Edad mínima 17 y máxima 40, predominó el grupo de 21- 25 años con 31.5% (X2 =109.944a , gl=8, p<.001, RP 7.87, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.001), unión libre con 46.2% (X2 =71.736a , gl=6, p<.001, RP 6.51, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.001), preparatoria con 41.1% (X2 =18.252a , gl=6, p<.006, RP 1.51, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.04), nivel socioeconómico medio con 52.8% (X2 =38.784a , gl=4, p<.001, RP 3.42, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.001), con 2 hijos el 35% (X2 =44.647a , gl=6, p<.001, RP 4.65, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.001) y si recibió orientación con 94.9% (X2 =5.175a , gl=2, p=.075, RP .910, prueba exacta de Fisher p<0.03). Conclusiones: Los factores como la edad, estado civil, escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, paridad y la orientación recibida, se asociaron al nivel de autoeficacia de lactancia materna, mientras que la ocupación y tipo de parto no se asociaron.

Abstract Objective: To determine the factors associated with the level of self-efficacy in lactating women from UMF No. 47, IMSS, Tabasco. Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study, in a sample of 197 lactating women, who met the inclusion criteria. A sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire designed by the researcher was applied, as well as the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale in its short form (BSES-SF), of 14 items, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics where Pearson's chi-square test was used. The magnitude of association was obtained, with the prevalence risks (2x2 tables), and value of p≤0.05 with Fisher's exact test. The data were processed in the statistical program SPSS 25 and STATA 6. Results: Minimum age 17 and maximum 40, the group of 21-25 years predominated with 31.5% (X2 =109.944a , gl=8, p<.001, RP 7.87, Fisher's exact test p<0.001), free union with 46.2% (X2 =71.736a , gl=6, p<.001, RP 6.51, Fisher's exact test p<0.001), preparatory with 41.1% (X2 =18.252a , gl=6, p<.006, RP 1.51, Fisher's exact test p<0.04), medium socioeconomic level with 52.8% (X2 =38.784a , gl=4, p<.001, RP 3.42 , Fisher's exact test p<0.001), with 2 children 35% (X2 =44.647a , gl=6, p<.001, RP 4.65, Fisher's exact test p<0.001) and if they received guidance with 94.9 % (X2 =5.175a , gl=2, p=.075, RP .910, Fisher's exact test p<0.03). Conclusions: Factors such as age, marital status, education, socioeconomic level, parity and the orientation received, were associated with the level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding, while occupation and type of delivery were not associated.

Proteinuria y síndrome nefrótico / Proteinuria and Nephrotic Syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome nefrótico es una patología que afecta el complejo glomerular del riñón, se caracteriza por una proteinuria mayor 3500 mg/d. De acuerdo a la respuesta de los esteroides se puede clasificar en síndrome nefrótico en esteroide resistente o esteroide sensible. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la proteinuria y las variantes del síndrome nefrótico en adultos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, con una población de 28 pacientes. Se recolectaron y se procesaron los datos a través del software Epi-Info 7,2TM; la frecuencia simple, la media estadística, prueba t de Student, y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: En el análisis combinatorio de los fármacos adyuvantes para síndrome nefrótico, el grupo que utilizó antiproteinúricos pero no estatinas, demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la proteinuria postratamiento media del grupo de síndrome nefrótico esteroideo resistente (6202 mg/d) vs síndrome nefrótico esteroideo sensible (65,9 mg/d) (valor de p 0,418). Existe una correlación negativa entre los niveles proteinuria postratamiento y el nivel de albúmina sérica postratamiento (r = - 0,7 valor de p < 0,00001). Conclusiones: Se demostró la ausencia de asociación entre la proteinuria inicial y las variantes de síndrome nefrótico esteroide sensible y esteroide resistente (valor de p = 0,8)(AU)

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is a pathology that affects the glomerular complex of the kidney, characterized by proteinuria greater than 3500 mg/d. According to the response to steroids, nephrotic syndrome can be classified as steroid-resistant or steroid-sensitive. Objective: To determine the relationship between proteinuria and the variants of the nephrotic syndrome in adults. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, case series type study was carried out with a population of 28 patients. The data was collected and processed through Epi-Info 7.2TM software; simple frequency, statistical mean, student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The statistically significant difference was obtained in the antiproteinuric and non-statin group, between the mean post-treatment proteinuria of the steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome group (6202 mg/d) in comparison to steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (65.9 mg/d) (p value 0.0418). There is negative correlation between post-treatment proteinuria levels and post-treatment serum albumin level (r= -0.7 p value <0.00001). Conclusions: The absence of association between initial proteinuria and steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant variants of nephrotic syndrome was demonstrated (p value=0.8)(AU)

High baseline expression of IL-6 and IL-10 decreased CCR7 B cells in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection during BNT162b2 vaccination.

The current pandemic generated by SARS-CoV-2 has led to mass vaccination with different biologics that have shown wide variations among human populations according to the origin and formulation of the vaccine. Studies evaluating the response in individuals with a natural infection before vaccination have been limited to antibody titer analysis and evaluating a few humoral and cellular response markers, showing a more rapid and intense humoral response than individuals without prior infection. However, the basis of these differences has not been explored in depth. In the present work, we analyzed a group of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibody titers, and cell populations in peripheral blood of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection using BNT162b2 biologic. Our results suggest that higher antibody concentration in individuals with an earlier disease could be generated by higher production of plasma cells to the detriment of the presence of memory B cells in the bloodstream, which could be related to the high baseline expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) before vaccination.

Differences Between Methicillin-susceptible Versus Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Pediatrics: Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, 2014-2018.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) has changed in recent years. The present article is intended to establish differences between clinical, laboratory and imaging findings and outcomes of MSSA and MRSA infections, as well as among subgroups of infection such as skin and soft tissue infection, osteoarticular, bacteremia or pneumonia in a pediatric population from Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using clinical records of patients under 18 years of age treated at the participating centers in Bogota, Colombia, between 2014 and 2018. The first positive S. aureus culture was studied. MSSA and MRSA were compared. The χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were calculated, and the statistical significance was presented using the difference and its 95% CI. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one patients were included; 211 (38%) corresponded to MRSA and 340 (62%) to MSSA for a total of 703 cultures. A significantly higher probability of having an MSSA infection than MRSA was found in patients with previous heart disease (3.3% vs. 0.5%), neurologic disease (5.9% vs. 2.5%), recent major surgeries (11% vs. 5%) or who has an implanted device (11% vs. 4%). In contrast, in severe MRSA infections (bacteremia, osteoarticular infections and pneumonia), a higher rate of complications was seen (admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and vasoactive support), and in osteoarticular MRSA, more than 1 surgery per case was seen (89% vs. 61%). Laboratory results and mortality were similar. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA was associated with a more severe course in bacteremia, osteoarticular infections and pneumonia. Some classical risk factors associated with MRSA infections were found to be related to MSSA. In general, with the exception of skin and soft tissue infection, there was an increased risk of pediatric intensive care unit admission and mechanical and inotropic support with MRSA in a pediatric population.

Directly modelling population dynamics in the South American Arid Diagonal using 14C dates.

Large anthropogenic 14C datasets are widely used to generate summed probability distributions (SPDs) as a proxy for past human population levels. However, SPDs are a poor proxy when datasets are small, bearing little relationship to true population dynamics. Instead, more robust inferences can be achieved by directly modelling the population and assessing the model likelihood given the data. We introduce the R package ADMUR which uses a continuous piecewise linear (CPL) model of population change, calculates the model likelihood given a 14C dataset, estimates credible intervals using Markov chain Monte Carlo, applies a goodness-of-fit test, and uses the Schwarz Criterion to compare CPL models. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method using toy data, showing that spurious dynamics are avoided when sample sizes are small, and true population dynamics are recovered as sample sizes increase. Finally, we use an improved 14C dataset for the South American Arid Diagonal to compare CPL modelling to current simulation methods, and identify three Holocene phases when population trajectory estimates changed from rapid initial growth of 4.15% per generation to a decline of 0.05% per generation between 10 821 and 7055 yr BP, then gently grew at 0.58% per generation until 2500 yr BP. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography'.

Multi-isotopic and morphometric evidence for the migration of farmers leading up to the Inka conquest of the southern Andes.

We present isotopic and morphometric evidence suggesting the migration of farmers in the southern Andes in the period AD 1270-1420, leading up to the Inka conquest occurring ~ AD 1400. This is based on the interdisciplinary study of human remains from archaeological cemeteries in the Andean Uspallata Valley (Argentina), located in the southern frontier of the Inka Empire. The studied samples span AD 800-1500, encompassing the highly dynamic Late Intermediate Period and culminating with the imperial expansion. Our research combines a macro-regional study of human paleomobility and migration based on a new strontium isoscape across the Andes that allows identifying locals and migrants, a geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial morphology suggesting separate ancestral lineages, and a paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotopes showing that the migrants had diets exceptionally high in C4 plants and largely based on maize agriculture. Significantly, this migration influx occurred during a period of regional demographic increase and would have been part of a widespread period of change in settlement patterns and population movements that preceded the Inka expansion. These processes increased local social diversity and may have been subsequently utilized by the Inka to channel interaction with the local societies.

Transmission of porcine cysticercosis in the Portuguesa state of Venezuela.

The aim of this study was to assess transmission of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Palmarito Arriba, a small village in the rural area of the Portuguesa state of Venezuela, through (1) an evaluation of T. solium transmission risk factors present in the community and (2) serological detection of the secreted metacestode HP10 antigen (HP10 Ag) and of anti-metacestode antibodies in sera from rural pigs. Risk factors associated with transmission of cysticercosis were the following: 100% (23/23) of the households lacked piped water, 87.0% (20/23) of households lacked latrines, 88.0% (100/114) of inhabitants routinely defecated in the open/air, 19.05% (12/63) of the interviewed population had observed proglottids in their stools. More significantly, 9/13 householders breeding pigs reported seeing proglottids in their stools. Of the 25 pigs available for bleeding and serological testing, 64% (16/25) were free roaming and 36% (9/25) were "backyard" animals; 28% (7/25) were seropositive for both the HP10 Ag and antibody, 20.0% (5/25) were seropositive for HP10 Ag alone, and 36.0% (9/25) were seropositive for antibody alone. Given this clear evidence of endemic porcine cysticercosis, further studies are needed to assess and control the level of porcine and human taeniasis and cysticercosis in this and neighboring communities.

Perfil clínico de paciente con hemorragia obstétrica con "Activación de Código Rojo" en el Hospital Nacional de la Mujer de Enero 2017 a Diciembre 2018 / Clinical profile of a patient with obstetric hemorrhage with "Code Red Activation" at the National Women's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018

Código rojo como estrategia para detección oportuna y tratamiento adecuado ha ayudado a disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad materna secundaria a hemorragia obstétrica severa. Además, con la implementación de la estrategia de código rojo ha disminuido las complicaciones graves del tratamiento de una hemorragia obstétrica. Permitiendo una evolución clínica satisfactoria de la paciente que presentan hemorragia obstétrica y disminuir los altos costos que conlleva el tratamiento de esta y sus complicaciones. El propósito de la investigación fue identificar el perfil clínico de la paciente en la cual se activó código rojo como estrategia para el tratamiento adecuado de la hemorragia obstétrica.

Late Pleistocene to early Holocene high-quality quartz crystal procurement from the Valiente quarry workshop site (32°S, Chile, South America).

The procurement of high-quality lithic resources is amongst the most indicative processes of decision-making in the archaeology of early human groups peopling the Americas. Directly dated deposits from quarry workshops have been absent of the late Pleistocene record of South America. We present the results of the excavations of a high-quality translucent quartz crystal workshop that yielded radiocarbon-dated coherently layered stratigraphic deposits that shed light into the behavior of the initial stages of lithic procurement. Based on a detailed analysis of the context of the Valiente site (32° S, Chile, South America), we discuss the stages of bifacial production of point technology. The deposit produced evidence of cumulative occupations over the period between 12,630 and 11,320 calibrated years before present. This ~1,300-year span is coincidental with a major environmental step-wise drying trend as indicated by the local and regional pollen records. Furthermore, it is synchronous to the process in which natural landscapes became the earliest taskscapes in the region, thereby encompassing major cultural changes related to the organization of the land use. These results are discussed in the frame of contemporaneous archaeological data to discuss specific aspects of technology and decision-making of the earliest settlers of South America.

Investigating cranial morphological variation of early human skeletal remains from Chile: A 3D geometric morphometric approach.

OBJECTIVES: Archaeological and genetic research has demonstrated that the Pacific Coast was a key route in the early colonization of South America. Research examining South American skeletons >8000 cal BP has revealed differences in cranial morphology between early and late Holocene populations, which may reflect distinct migration events and/or populations. However, genetic, cultural, and some skeletal data contradict this model. Given these discrepancies, this study examines ∼9000 years of prehistory to test the hypothesis that Early skeletons have a distinct cranial morphology from later skeletons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 3D digital models, craniofacial landmarks, and geometric morphometric analyses, we compared Early Holocene crania (n = 4) to later Chilean samples (n = 90) frequently absent in continental assessments of craniofacial variation. PCA, Mahalanobis distances, posterior and typicality probabilities were used to examine variation. RESULTS: Two of the earliest skeletons from northern Chile show clear affinities to individuals from later sites in the same region. However, the hypothesis cannot be rejected as one Early individual from northern Chile and one individual from inland Patagonia did not always show clear affinities to coastal populations. DISCUSSION: Biological affinities among northern populations and other regions of Chile align with genetic and archaeological data, supporting cultural and biological continuity along the Pacific Coast. In Patagonia, archaeological data are in accordance with skeletal differences between the Early inland steppe individual and coastal populations. This study incorporates 3D methods and skeletal datasets not widely used in assessments of biological affinity, thus contributing to a critical body of research examining the ancient population history of western South America.

Valoración mediante espirometría de mineros del carbón de Paipa, Colombia / Spirometry in a population of coal miners in Paipa, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades respiratorias derivadas de la exposición a material en partículas, como sucede en la minería del carbón, continúa siendo un reto investigativo en el país y un problema de salud pública. La espirometría es una prueba de la función respiratoria, fundamental para el diagnóstico y la vigilancia de este tipo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas. Objetivo. Determinar los valores de la espirometría en la población minera de carbón del municipio de Paipa, y su asociación con la edad y el tiempo de exposición laboral. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se diligenció el cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional de la American Thoracic Society (ATS), se registraron las mediciones de la espirometría y se interpretaron siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 226 trabajadores de minas de carbón de Paipa; en 12,3 % (n=28) de ellos se registraron alteraciones leves, de tipo obstructivo o restrictivo. En 35 % (n=80) hubo disminución de la relación entre la capacidad vital forzada y el volumen espirado en el primer segundo (CVF/VEF1 ). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p=0,002) y los años de trabajo minero (p=0,34), además de trastornos restrictivos y obstructivos. Asimismo, hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p<0,01) y los años de trabajo minero (p<0,01), de diferente seriedad en el patrón de las mediciones de la espirometría. Conclusiones. La espirometría es una prueba útil para detectar la presencia de trastornos respiratorios en la población minera del carbón. La enfermedad respiratoria en estos mineros estuvo significativamente asociada con el tiempo de exposición.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Respiratory diseases resulting from exposure to particulate matter such as in coal mining remains a research challenge in this country and a public health issue. Spirometry is a basic test of fundamental respiratory function for the diagnosis and monitoring of these types of chronic lung diseases. Objective: To determine spirometric values in the coal mining municipality of Paipa and their association with age and occupational exposure times. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. The occupational respiratory disease questionnaire of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) was completed while spirometric measurements were performed and interpreted in accordance with international recommendations for conducting the test. Results: The sample consisted of 226 coal mining workers of the municipality of Paipa. Twenty-eight subjects (12.3%) of the sample showed patterns of obstructive and restrictive respiratory disease with mild degrees of severity. Eighty subjects (35%) showed a decrease in the forced vital capacity ratio/expiratory volume in one second (FVC/FEV1 ). A statistically significant association between age range (p=0.002) and years of mining work (p=0.34) with the development of restrictive and obstructive disorders was found. Also, there was a statistically significant association between age range (p<0.01) and years of mining work (p<0.01) with various degrees of severity of the spirometric pattern. Conclusions: Spirometry is a useful test for detecting the presence of respiratory disorders in the population of coal miners. The time of exposure was significantly associated with the respiratory disease exhibited by these miners.

Relación de la dinámica familiar y el embarazo en las adolescentes usuarias del Hospital Nacional Saldaña de julio a diciembre de 2014 / Relationship of family dynamics and pregnancy in adolescent users of the Saldaña National Hospital from July to December 2014

El embarazo adolescente se ha convertido hoy en día, en motivo de diversas investigaciones, debido a que en los últimos diez a quince años ha aumentado significativamente el fenómeno del embarazo adolescente en toda Latinoamérica. El instrumento FF-SIL que detecta disfunción familiar permite realizar el esquema de Olson en el cual los extremos están más relacionados con disfuncionalidad y si existe relación con los embarazos en las adolescentes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo utilizando el FF-SIL (esquema de Olson) y el FACES III. En este estudio se encontró que no hay relación de esta problemática con las diferentes clasificaciones de la familia según tamaño y ontogénesis. Se describió la relación según cohesión y adaptabilidad a través del esquema de Olson y el FACES III. Encontramos por lo tanto que las familias en estudio son disfuncionales y no se encontró funcionales. Entre más pequeñas o grandes sean las familias hay más problemas en su funcionabilidad según la teoría. A través de esta investigación se pretende mejorar los programas de la Sexual y Reproductiva en los adolescente pero con la inclusión imprescindible del Médico de Familia que trabaje en forma activa en la homeostasis familiar con las instituciones educativas, padres de familia, los jóvenes, ONG'S para brindar talleres de salud mental y familiar

Data set of the protein expression profiles of Luminal A, Claudin-low and overexpressing HER2(+) breast cancer cell lines by iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry.

Breast cancer is the most common and the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. There is a dire necessity of the identification of novel molecules useful in diagnosis and prognosis. In this work we determined the differentially expression profiles of four breast cancer cell lines compared to a control cell line. We identified 1020 polypeptides labelled with iTRAQ with more than 95% in confidence. We analysed the common proteins in all breast cancer cell lines through IPA software (IPA core and Biomarkers). In addition, we selected the specific overexpressed and subexpressed proteins of the different molecular classes of breast cancer cell lines, and classified them according to protein class and biological process. Data in this article is related to the research article "Determination of the protein expression profiles of breast cancer cell lines by Quantitative Proteomics using iTRAQ Labelling and Tandem Mass Spectrometry" (Calderón-González et al. [1] in press).

Obstrucción tubaria bilateral, fracaso del método / Bilateral tubal obstruction, the failure of the method

De 1,135 pacientes sometidas a obstrucción tubaria bilateral; en 1,129 pacientes el procedimiento fue eficaz; de estas pacientes, 1,111 (98%) fueron sometidas a obstrucción tubaria bilateral con el método de Pomeroy. Y en 19 pacientes (2%) se utilizaron anillos de Yoom con buenos resultados

Estudio comparativo de las ventajas y complicaciones entre venodisecciones con contrabertura y sin contrabertura / Comparative study of advantages and complications in contraperture and non-contraperture venodisections

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 100 venodisecciones divididas en dos grupos, uno con técnica por contrabertura y en el otro sin contrabertura. Se observó la evolución de cada una en relación a la curación diaria o terciada. Se evaluaron el tiempo de duración del catéter y principales complicaciones: infección local manifestada por hiperemia, secreción o ambas, edema por infiltración y salida accidental. Se comenta sobre la bacteriología desarrollada en el cultivo de la punta de catéteres y las venas más empleadas. Se encontró que la técnica por contrabertura presenta un número significativamente menor de complicaciones. La duración de la venodisección es mayor cuando el catéter es central y se efectúan curaciones diarias. Se concluye que la técnica por contrabertura, con curación diaria y localización central es la más recomendable