Quality of life in people with hemodialysis treatment in Ecuador / Calidad de vida en personas con tratamiento hemodialítico del Ecuador

Objective: to determine the Quality of Life of people on hemodialysis in two provinces of Zone # 6 of Ecuador. Method: cross-sectional descriptive quantitative, intentional sample of 70 participants, developed in two hemodialysis units, a sociodemographic-clinical structured questionnaire and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL™-36) were applied, after signing the informed consent. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: the evaluated Quality of Life obtained an average of 57.05, more than 50% of the participants obtained scores below 50 on a scale of 1 to 100, in the Burden of Kidney Disease, Physical Component and Mental Component three affected sub-scales out of a total of five. Conclusion: the Quality of Life of the population on hemodialysis is good; however, low scores were identified in three subscales; In this context, the need for nursing intervention plans to promote health and that could improve the quality of life is identified.

Objetivo: determinar la Calidad de Vida de las personas hemodializadas en dos provincias de la Zona # 6 de Ecuador. Método: cuantitativo descriptivo transversal, muestra intencional de 70 participantes, desarrollado en dos unidades de hemodiálisis, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado sociodemográfico - clínico y el Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL™-36), previa firma del consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la Calidad de Vida evaluada obtuvo un promedio de 57,05, más del 50% de los participantes obtuvieron puntajes inferiores a 50 de una escala de 1 a 100, en la Carga de la Enfermedad del Riñón, Componente Físico y Componente Mental tres sub-escalas afectadas de un total de cinco. Conclusión: la Calidad de Vida de la población en hemodiálisis es buena; sin embargo, se identificó bajas puntuaciones en tres sub-escalas; en este contexto, se identifica la necesidad de planes de intervención de enfermería para promover la salud y que podrían mejorar la calidad de vida.

Privacy Enhancing and Scalable Federated Learning to Accelerate AI Implementation in Cross-Silo and IoMT Environments.

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning technique that enables to collaboratively learn valuable information across devices or sites without moving the data. In FL, the model is trained and shared across decentralized locations where data are privately owned. After local training, model updates are sent back to a central server, thus enabling access to distributed data on a large scale while maintaining privacy, security, and data access rights. Although FL is a well-studied topic, existing frameworks are still at an early stage of development. They encounter challenges with respect to scalability, data security, aggregation methodologies, data provenance, and production readiness. In this paper, we propose a novel FL framework that supports functionalities like scalable processing with respect of data, devices, sites and collaborators, monitoring services, privacy, and support for use cases. Furthermore, we integrate multi party computation (MPC) within the FL setup, preventing reverse engineering attacks. The proposed framework has been evaluated in diverse use cases both in cross-device and cross-silo settings. In the former case, in-device FL is leveraged in the context of an AI-driven internet of medical things (IoMT) environment. We demonstrate the framework suitability for a range of AI techniques while benchmarking with conventional centralized training. Furthermore, we prove the feasibility of developing a user-friendly pipeline that enables an efficient implementation of FL in diverse clinical use cases.

Characterization and Evaluation of Composite Biomaterial Bioactive Glass-Polylactic Acid for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

The limitations associated with the clinical use of autographs and allografts are driving efforts to develop relevant and applicable biomaterial substitutes. In this research, 3D porous scaffolds composed of bioactive glass (BG) obtained through the sol-gel technique and polylactic acid (PLA) synthesized via lactic acid (LA) ring-opening polymerization were prepared by the gel-pressing technique. Two different weight compositions were evaluated, namely, BG70-PLA30 and BG30-PLA70. The structure and morphology of the resulting scaffolds were analysed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and under ASTM F1635 standard characterizations. The results confirmed that BG promotes the formation of a hydroxy-carbonated apatite (HAp) layer on composites when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Biodegradability evaluations were carried out according to the ISO 10993-13:2010 standard. In addition, electrochemical evaluations were performed in both Hank's and SBF solutions at 37 °C in order to analyse the degradation of the material. This evaluation allowed us to observe that both samples showed an activation mechanism in the early stages followed by pseudo-passivation due to physical bioactive glass characteristics, suggesting an improvement in the formation of the HAp nucleation. The described composites showed excellent resistance to degradation and outstanding suitability for bone tissue engineering applications.

Banned substances and their incidence: A retrospective view of the national laboratory of prevention and doping control of Mexico. / Sustancias dopantes y su incidencia: una visión retrospectiva del laboratorio nacional de prevención y control del dopaje de México.

The use of banned substances to increase athletes' performance has been a scourge in international sport. In this sense, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA-AMA) has implemented a series of standards that harmonize the fight against doping. In particular, accredited WADA-AMA laboratories play an important role in the eradication of sports doping. This report shows the data obtained in the National Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Doping (LNPCD-CONADE) according to the incidence of Adverse Analytical Findings (AAF) in the 2009-2015 interval, which were obtained from the analysis of a total of 18,085 biological doping-control samples. The distribution of samples was analyzed as a function of gender, type of sport either in competition or out of competition, as well as the prevalence of AAF during the period of time analyzed and the relation regarding group of doping substance and type of sport. The data presented here were compared with those reported worldwide by the WADA-AMA and it was observed that in the cases of substances of the S1 group, the percentage reported by the LNPCD-CONADE is higher than the one reported worldwide. The opposite was observed for AAF presented by some substance from Groups S6 and S8. Likewise, a higher prevalence in the use of doping substances by male athletes (75%) is observed compared to that observed in female athletes (25%). The sports with the highest number of AAF detected in the laboratory were baseball, cycling, and athletics.

El uso de sustancias para incrementar el desarrollo deportivo de atletas ha sido un flagelo en el deporte internacional. En este sentido la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (WADA-AMA) ha implementado una serie de estándares que permiten armonizar la lucha contra el dopaje desde diferentes aristas. Particularmente los laboratorios acreditados por la WADA-AMA forman parte importante en la erradicación de dopaje deportivo. En este informe se muestran los datos obtenidos en el Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje  (LNPCD-CONADE) de acuerdo a la incidencia de Resultados Analíticos Adversos (RAA) en el periodo 2009-2015, los cuales fueron obtenidos del análisis de un total de 18,085 muestras biológicas de control antidopaje. Se hace un análisis de la distribución de muestras de acuerdo al género, tipo de deporte ya sea en competición o fuera de competición, así como de la prevalencia de RAA durante el periodo de tiempo analizado y la relación respecto al grupo de sustancia dopante y tipo de deporte. Los datos aquí presentados se compararon con los disponibles en la página electrónica de la WADA-AMA y se observó que en los casos de sustancias del grupo S1 es más alto el porcentaje que se reporta por el LNPCD-CONADE que el reportado a nivel mundial, caso contrario se determinó para RAA que presentaron alguna sustancia del grupo S6 y S8.  Así mismo se observa una mayor prevalencia en el uso de sustancias dopantes por atletas masculinos (75%) comparado con el 25 % observado en atletas femeninos. Los deportes con mayor número de RAA detectados en el laboratorio fueron béisbol, ciclismo y atletismo.

Sustancias dopantes y su incidencia: una visión retrospectiva del laboratorio nacional de prevención y control del dopaje de México / Banned substances and their incidence: A retrospective view of the national laboratory of prevention and doping control of Mexico

El uso de sustancias para incrementar el desarrollo deportivo de atletas ha sido un flagelo en el deporte internacional. En este sentido la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (WADA-AMA) ha implementado una serie de estándares que permiten armonizar la lucha contra el dopaje desde diferentes aristas. Particularmente los laboratorios acreditados por la WADA-AMA forman parte importante en la erradicación de dopaje deportivo. En este informe se muestran los datos obtenidos en el Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje (LNPCD-CONADE) de acuerdo a la incidencia de Resultados Analíticos Adversos (RAA) en el periodo 2009-2015, los cuales fueron obtenidos del análisis de un total de 18,085 muestras biológicas de control antidopaje. Se hace un análisis de la distribución de muestras de acuerdo al género, tipo de deporte ya sea en competición o fuera de competición, así como de la prevalencia de RAA durante el periodo de tiempo analizado y la relación respecto al grupo de sustancia dopante y tipo de deporte. Los datos aquí presentados se compararon con los disponibles en la página electrónica de la WADA-AMA y se observó que en los casos de sustancias del grupo S1 es más alto el porcentaje que se reporta por el LNPCD-CONADE que el reportado a nivel mundial, caso contrario se determinó para RAA que presentaron alguna sustancia del grupo S6 y S8. Así mismo se observa una mayor prevalencia en el uso de sustancias dopantes por atletas masculinos (75%) comparado con el 25 % observado en atletas femeninos. Los deportes con mayor número de RAA detectados en el laboratorio fueron béisbol, ciclismo y atletismo

The use of banned substances to increase athletes’ performance has been a scourge in international sport. In this sense, the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA-AMA) has implemented a series of standards that harmonize the fight against doping. In particular, accredited WADA-AMA laboratories play an important role in the eradication of sports doping. This report shows the data obtained in the National Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Doping (LNPCD-CONADE) according to the incidence of Adverse Analytical Findings (AAF) in the 2009-2015 interval, which were obtained from the analysis of a total of 18,085 biological doping-control samples. The distribution of samples was analyzed as a function of gender, type of sport either in competition or out of competition, as well as the prevalence of AAF during the period of time analyzed and the relation regarding group of doping substance and type of sport. The data presented here were compared with those reported worldwide by the WADA-AMA and it was observed that in the cases of substances of the S1 group, the percentage reported by the LNPCD-CONADE is higher than the one reported worldwide. The opposite was observed for AAF presented by some substance from Groups S6 and S8. Likewise, a higher prevalence in the use of doping substances by male athletes (75%) is observed compared to that observed in female athletes (25%). The sports with the highest number of AAF detected in the laboratory were baseball, cycling, and athletics

Prevalencia de síntomas de asma, dermatitis atópica y rinitis en la población pediátrica que asisten al Hospital Roosevelt

Introducción: Las enfermedades atópicas, asma, rinitis alérgica y dermatitis atópica son enfermedades crónicas comunes, presentando una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial y la cual se desconoce su prevalencia en Guatemala. Objetivos: El presente estudio es el de evaluar la incidencia de enfermedad atópica en una población pediátrica que asiste a un hospital estatal de la Ciudad de Guatemala, así como, conocer la prevalencia de cada una de estas condiciones por separado. Metodología: Se tomó una muestra de 386 sujetos ambulatorios escogiendo dos grupos entre 5 a 6 años de edad el primero y de 11 a 12 años en el segundo. Se usó un cuestionario adaptado de la versión validada en español del estudio ISAAC. (11) Resultados: Se estimó una prevalencia de síntomas de asma, rinoconjuntivales y cutáneos en niños de 5 a 6 años de 13%, 14% y 7% respectivamente. En el grupo de 11 a 12 años fue de 16%, rinoconjuntivales 16%, y cutáneos 14 %. Discusión: La prevalencia varía comparada con la de otros países de Latino América probablemente por diferencias geográficas, poblacionales, inmunológicas y genéticas. El 59% de los pacientes no contaban con diagnóstico ni tratamiento, lo cual indicó que no se cuenta con herramientas para la detección temprana de enfermedades atópicas.

diseases with a high worldwide prevalence not known in Guatemala. Objectives: The main purpose of the study is to know de prevalence of atopic diseases in children followed as outpatients in a public hospital in Guatemala. Methodology: A population of 386 children was studied and divided in two groups, one ages 5 to 6 years and the second one ages 11 to 12 years. An adapted questionnaire from the study of ISAAC (11) was validated and used. Results: The estimated prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjuntivitis and cutaneous symptoms in children aged 5 to 6 year old was 13%, 14% and 7%, respectively. In the group ranged 11 to 12 prevalence of symptom of asthma was 16%, rhinoconjuntival 16% and cutaneous 14%. Discussion: A high prevalence of symptoms of the 3 diseases, in both age groups was found, however this prevalence varies compared with other Latin American countries; this is probably due to geographical, demographic, immunological and genetic differences. Fifty-nine (59%) of subjects had no diagnosis or treatment indicating the absence of screening tools for the early detection of atopic diseases.

Evaluation of the left ventricle longitudinal deformity using myocardial-tracking signals in severely obese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of obesity in school-age children and adolescents has increased in recent decades. Obesity modifies some aspects of the cardiovascular system in order to preserve the body homoeostasis. Echocardiography to study ventricular function plays an important role in the evaluation of pathological re-modelling associated with left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricle function and structure with conventional echocardiography and to analyse the longitudinal deformity of the left ventricle using myocardial-tracking signals in a group of severely obese adolescents. Methods and results We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study. We describe the evaluation of the left ventricle using conventional bi-dimensional echocardiography and the myocardial-tracking signals in severely obese adolescents. There were 34 severely obese adolescents included in our study; 52% had a left ventricular ejection fraction<55%, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was increased in 70.5% of patients, and 32.3% had an increase in left ventricular mass. On average, 78.9% had abnormal values of left ventricle longitudinal deformations. The number of segments affected per patient was, on average, 5.8, with the anterior apical segment being the most commonly affected. There was a decrease in global longitudinal deformity in 79.4% of the cases. CONCLUSION: More than half of this group of asymptomatic severely obese adolescents showed abnormalities in left ventricular structure and function evaluated using traditional echocardiographic methods, but 100% of the cases showed abnormalities in longitudinal deformation in at least one of the 17 left ventricle segments evaluated using myocardial-tracking signals.

Substance use and HIV risk in a sample of severely mentally Ill Puerto Rican women.

Latinos, and Puerto Ricans in particular, have been disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS. Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with an increase in HIV risk. Relatively little research has focused on the role of SMI among Puerto Rican injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs in susceptibility to and transmission of HIV and there are few published reports on HIV risk among Latina SMI. We conducted a longitudinal mixed methods study with 53 Puerto Rican women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression to examine the cultural context of HIV risk and HIV knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among a larger study with Puerto Rican and Mexican women with serious mental illness (SMI). There was a high prevalence of past and current substance use and a high prevalence of substance use-associated HIV risk behaviors, such as unprotected sexual relations with an IDU. The violence associated with substance use frequently increased participants' HIV risk. Choice of substance of abuse depended on cost, availability, and use within the individual participant's network. Participants attributed their substance use to the need to relieve symptoms associated with their mental illness, ameliorate unpleasant feelings, and deaden emotional pain. HIV prevention interventions for poorer Puerto Rican women with SMI must target the individuals themselves and others within their networks if the women are to be supported in their efforts to reduce substance use-related risk. The content of any intervention must address past and current trauma and its relationship to substance use and HIV risk, as well as strategies to prevent HIV transmission.

Intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration by Puerto Rican women with severe mental illnesses.

Previous research indicates a higher prevalence of victimization among severely mentally ill women. Few studies have either compared these levels across diagnostic categories or evaluated perpetration by the women. We report qualitative and quantitative findings regarding intimate partner violence perpetrated both against and by a sample of 53 Puerto Rican women diagnosed with major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. Interviewers shadowed participants for a period of 2 years. Two-thirds of the women with serious mental illness had histories of victimization. However, 23% of the women also reported histories of violence towards their significant others. This was attributed to various reasons, such as anger, revenge, control, and self-defense. Participants described their personal conceptualization of the violence they received and perpetrated. This has implications for programs designed to prevent family violence, for health care professionals in general, and for psychiatrists, who may be called upon to address future risk of victimization or commission of violence.

Preliminary evidence for the integration of music into HIV prevention for severely mentally ill Latinas.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) may be at increased risk of HIV infection. Prevention programs designed specifically for SMI have relied primarily on principles of cognitive-behavior change theories delivered in a small group format and in venues and services utilized by SMI. Most intervention effects have not been shown to be sustainable over time. We report on our findings relating to the importance of music to Puerto Rican women with SMI and the implications for HIV prevention interventions with this population. METHODS: We interviewed and shadowed over a 2-year period 53 women of Puerto Rican ethnicity between the ages of 18 and 50, residing in northeastern Ohio, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. RESULTS: Nearly one-half of the participants listened to music regularly. Some reported that music was essential to their lives. Participants reported that music improved their mental and social well-being by facilitating expression and reflection of their emotions and increasing their energy levels. DISCUSSION: Music may affect the core negative symptoms and compensate for neuropsychological deficits in women with schizophrenia and related conditions by facilitating the articulation of emotion and allowing individuals to better attend to and potentially incorporate external activities into their lives. The use of music in HIV prevention efforts with SMI Latinas may facilitate their emotional expression and assist them in integrating the educative efforts into their life style choices.

Validación de la aplicación del protocolo de manejo del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica, en los recién nacidos de la sala 205 del Hospital Gineco–Obstétrico Isidro Ayora: Quito Ecuador

Como resultado de la experiencia laboral la sala 205 del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Isidro Ayora y la observación durante la pasantía que realizamos durante la formación del Postgrado, surgió la necesidad de elaborar el presente trabajo, es así que las autoras comprometieron sus esfuerzos en validar la aplicación de un protocolo de manejo de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en los recién nacidos. La terapia endovenosa constituye un aspecto fundamental en el avance de la atención neonatal en las últimas décadas; en ciertas ocasiones por la condición del neonato se requiere desde el nacimiento la instalación de una vía venosa para reanimación, administración de líquidos, medicamentos, productos sanguíneos y nutrientes por tiempo prolongado, sin la instalación de vías endovenosas muchos de los recién nacidos, especialmente prematuros, niños/as de peso bajo, no lograrían recuperarse satisfactoriamente y tendrían un desenlace fatal. El trabajo está basado en las Normas de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), de Atlanta, revisión bibliográfica y en la experiencia en el manejo de catéteres venosos de inserción periférica, recopilados en varios hospitales de la ciudad de Quito. El uso de catéteres venosos centrales periféricos se realiza en el Servicio de Neonatología desde el año 2003, existiendo la necesidad de establecer criterios estandarizados de atención y manejo, así como el riguroso cumplimiento de los mismos por parte de los profesionales que intervienen en la atención del neonato. Con estos antecedentes se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo de casos y testigos, se observaron 30 neonatos colocados el catéter, 15 con protocolo y 15 según el procedimiento usual durante noviembre 2006 a febrero 2007. La calificación del desempeño de la enfermera fue a través de observación directa, los instrumentos incluyen listas de revisión de materiales y procedimientos así como información general de los recién nacidos obteni.

I don't know who I am: severely mental ill Latina WSW navigating differentness.

We examine interviews from a qualitative study designed to examine HIV perceptions, risk, and risk management among Puerto Rican women who have sex with women (WSW) and who also have been diagnosed with major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. These women's stories challenge both the lesbian and the Latino communities to reexamine how and why they claim individuals as their own and they similarly challenge professional communities, including HIV educators, health researchers, and medical care providers, to develop effective HIV prevention programs and counseling approaches that facilitate patient/client self-disclosure and consider cultural and contextual barriers to both self-disclosure and the provision of services.

Operación cesárea en la Maternidad del Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara". Puerto Cabello: 1984-1993 / Cesarean section in the Maternidad Hospital \"Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara\". Puerto Cabello 1984-1993

Determinar la incidencia de la operación cesárea, indicaciones, complicaciones y morbimortalidad materno fetal. Maternidad del Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara ", Puerto Cabello, Edo. Carabobo, Venezuela. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de la operación cesárea. Lapso 1984 -1993. Población 6930 cesáreas. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 1509 casos, 22 por ciento de la población total. La incidencia fue de 15, 9 por ciento en 1984 a 20,79 por ciento en 1992. El 20,28 por ciento fueron adolescentes. El mayor porcentaje ocurrió en nulíparas 32,09 por ciento y 53,91 por ciento entre I y IV para. El 70,41 por ciento de las cesáreas ocurrió entre las 37 y 40 semanas. Las principales indicaciones fueron: cesárea previa 39,03 por ciento; desproporción feto-pélvica 21,60 por ciento; sufrimiento fetal 9,01 por ciento; distocias de presentación 7,56 por ciento. La esterilización quirúrgica constituyó el 25,97 por ciento de las operaciones adicionales realizadas. Las complicaciones operatorias fueron: absceso de pared 6,82 por ciento; endodermitis 6,49 por ciento y anemia aguda 6,42 por ciento. El bajo peso al nacer representó el 14,59 por ciento de la muestra. La tasa de mortalidad fetal fue de 99,07 x 1000. La tasa de mortalidad fetal hospitalaria fue de 21,29 x 1000. Hemos observado un notable aumento de la incidencia de cesárea en los últimos 20 años en nuestro hospital