ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity in chronic heart failure (HF). However, ET effects in acute HF are unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of ET alone or combined with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) compared with standard medical treatment during hospitalization in acute HF patients. Methods: Twenty-nine patients (systolic HF) were randomized into three groups: control (Control - only standard medical treatment); ET with placebo NIV (ET+Sham) and ET+NIV (NIV with 14 and 8 cmH2O of inspiratory and expiratory pressure, respectively). The 6MWT was performed on day 1 and day 10 of hospitalization and the ET was performed on an unloaded cycle ergometer until patients' tolerance limit (20 min or less) for eight consecutive days. For all analyses, statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: None of the patients in either exercise groups had adverse events or required exercise interruption. The 6MWT distance was greater in ET+NIV (Δ120 ± 72 m) than in ET+Sham (Δ73 ± 26 m) and Control (Δ45 ± 32 m; p < 0.05). Total exercise time was greater (128 ± 10 vs. 92 ± 8 min; p < 0.05) and dyspnea was lower (3 ± 1 vs. 4 ± 1; p < 0.05) in ET+NIV than ET+Sham. The ET+NIV group had a shorter hospital stay (17 ± 10 days) than ET+Sham (23 ± 8 days) and Control (39 ± 15 days) groups (p < 0.05). Total exercise time in ET+Sham and ET+NIV had significant correlation with length of hospital stay (r = -0.75; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Exercise training in acute HF was safe, had no adverse events and, when combined with NIV, improved 6MWT and reduce dyspnea and length of stay.
Resumo Fundamento: O exercício físico melhora a capacidade funcional em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) crônica. Entretanto, os efeitos do exercício na IC aguda são desconhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do exercício físico isolado ou associado à ventilação não-invasiva (VNI) em comparação ao tratamento convencional em pacientes com IC durante internação. Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes (IC sistólica) foram randomizados em três grupos: Controle (tratamento clínico convencional); exercício com ventilação placebo (EX+Sham) e EX+VNI (VNI com 14 e 8 cmH2O de pressão inspiratória e expiratória, respectivamente).O TC6M foi realizado no primeiro e no décimo dia de internação e o exercício realizado em cicloergômetro até o limite de tolerância (20 minutos ou menos) por oito dias consecutivos. Para todas as análises, foi considerado p < 0,05 estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Nenhum paciente dos grupos EX+Sham e EX+VNI apresentou complicações ou necessitou interromper o exercício. O grupo EX+VNI apresentou melhor desempenho no TC6M (Δ120 ± 72 m) que os grupos EX+Sham (Δ73 ± 26 m) e Controle (Δ45 ± 32 m; p < 0,05). O tempo total de exercício foi maior (128 ± 10 vs. 92 ± 8 min; p < 0,05) e a dispneia menor (3 ± 1 vs. 4 ± 1; p < 0,05) no EX+VNI em relação ao EX+Sham. O grupo EX+VNI apresentou menor tempo de internação (17 ± 10 dias) comparado ao EX+Sham (23 ± 8 dias) e Controle (39 ± 15 dias; p < 0,05). O tempo total de exercício nos grupos EX+Sham e EX+VNI correlacionou-se com o tempo de internação hospitalar (r = -0,75; p = 0,01). Conclusão: O exercício físico foi seguro em pacientes com IC aguda, não houve complicações hospitalares e, quando associada à VNI, melhorou o desempenho no TC6M, dispneia e o tempo de internação.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Exercise Tolerance , Exercise Therapy/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Length of StayABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity in chronic heart failure (HF). However, ET effects in acute HF are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ET alone or combined with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) compared with standard medical treatment during hospitalization in acute HF patients. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (systolic HF) were randomized into three groups: control (Control - only standard medical treatment); ET with placebo NIV (ET+Sham) and ET+NIV (NIV with 14 and 8 cmH2O of inspiratory and expiratory pressure, respectively). The 6MWT was performed on day 1 and day 10 of hospitalization and the ET was performed on an unloaded cycle ergometer until patients' tolerance limit (20 min or less) for eight consecutive days. For all analyses, statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: None of the patients in either exercise groups had adverse events or required exercise interruption. The 6MWT distance was greater in ET+NIV (Δ120 ± 72 m) than in ET+Sham (Δ73 ± 26 m) and Control (Δ45 ± 32 m; p < 0.05). Total exercise time was greater (128 ± 10 vs. 92 ± 8 min; p < 0.05) and dyspnea was lower (3 ± 1 vs. 4 ± 1; p < 0.05) in ET+NIV than ET+Sham. The ET+NIV group had a shorter hospital stay (17 ± 10 days) than ET+Sham (23 ± 8 days) and Control (39 ± 15 days) groups (p < 0.05). Total exercise time in ET+Sham and ET+NIV had significant correlation with length of hospital stay (r = -0.75; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exercise training in acute HF was safe, had no adverse events and, when combined with NIV, improved 6MWT and reduce dyspnea and length of stay.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/methods , Exercise Tolerance , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Noninvasive Ventilation , Acute Disease , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare pulmonary function, functional capacity, and clinical outcomes among conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), early open-lung (EOL), and late open-lung (LOL) strategies after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. SETTING: Two hospitals of the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-three patients undergoing elective first-time OPCAB. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized into 3 groups: CMV (n=31); LOL (n=32) initiated upon intensive care unit (ICU) arrival; EOL (n = 30) initiated after intubation. MEASURAMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Spirometry was performed at bedside preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and pulmonary shunt fraction were evaluated presurgically and on POD 1; 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed presurgically and on POD 5. Both open-lung groups demonstrated higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second on PODs 1, 3 and 5 compared to the CMV group (p<0.05). Similar results were found in relation to the 6MWT distance. Shunt fraction was lower and PaO2 was higher in both open-lung groups (p<0.05). Open-lung groups had shorter intubation time and hospital stay as well as fewer respiratory events (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found relative to the aforementioned results when the EOL and LOL groups were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Both open-lung strategies were able to promote higher pulmonary function preservation and greater recovery of functional capacity with better clinical outcomes after OPCAB. No difference in outcome was found when comparing initiation of OLS intraoperatively or after ICU arrival.
