Incidencias del tipo de nacimiento en el desarrollo infantil en la motricidad gruesa, motricidad fina y el lenguaje / Impact of birth type on infant development in gross motor, fine motor and language skills

El modo de nacimiento –parto normal frente a cesárea– podría afectar el desarrollo y a la salud futura. La comprensión de estos posibles vínculos podría servir de base para las intervenciones venideras. El objetivo es describir y correlacionar las dimensiones del desarrollo infantil en relación con la motricidad gruesa, fina y el lenguaje en función de la segmentación por el tipo de nacimiento de parto normal y parto por cesárea. La muestra incluía 300 preescolares de entre 4 y 5 años del municipio de Soledad, Colombia. El instrumento utilizado es el TEPSI. Para determinar la correlación entre el tipo de nacimiento y los ámbitos se realizó la prueba de correlación Bivariada de Pearson con p £ 0,01 usando el software SPPS V25.0. El modo de nacimiento por segmentación de cesárea tiene correlación positiva significativa entre coordinación y lenguaje (r = .401; p =.000); coordinación y motricidad (r = .577; p = .000); y entre lenguaje y motricidad (r = .484; p = .000). El modo de nacimiento por segmentación de parto natural tiene una correlación positiva significativa entre lenguaje y motricidad (r = .410; p = .000). El estudio apoya la importancia de conocer el modo de parto y su vinculación con el desarrollo psicomotor, atendiendo a las evidencias de investigaciones previas que alertan de la existencia de efectos negativos para preescolares nacidos por cesárea (AU)

The mode of birth –normal labor versus caesarean– could affect development and future health. Understanding these possible links could inform future interventions. The aim is to describe and correlate child developmental dimensions of gross and fine motor skills and language, as a function of segmentation by the birth type of normal and caesarean labor. The sample included 300 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years in the municipality of Soledad, Colombia. The instrument used was the TEPSI. To determine the correlation between type of birth and domains, Pearson's bivariate correlation test with p 0.01 was performed using SPPS V25.0 software. This study found that caesarean has significant positive correlations between coordination and language (r = .401; p = .000); coordination and motor (r = .577; p = .000); and between language and motor (r = .484; p = .000). Natural birth segmentation has a significant positive correlation between language and motor skills (r = .410; p = .000). The study supports the importance of knowing the mode of labor and its link with psychomotor development, owing to evidence from previous research that warns about the existence of negative effects on preschoolers born by cesarean section (AU)

Adaptation of the SAGEFS scale on attitudes toward gender equality in football in the international school context.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes toward Gender Equality in Football in the Context of Schools (SAGEFS) in the international context. This sample was formed by N = 6,101 students. The study was conducted by applying the SAGEFS. The model of the three factors correlated in the complete sample and for each country was correlated using AFC. The structural model was appraised by employing eight indices: the relative Chi-squared index; the goodness of fit index and its adjusted formula; the normal fit index; the comparative fit index; the standardized Quadratic Mean; and the Quadratic Mean Error of Approximation. To conclude, the results evidence the presence of psychometric properties that are indispensable for the measurement of attitudes toward gender equality in the context of schools.

Attitudes Towards Gender Equality in Soccer in the School Context in Spain (EAIGFU): design and evaluation of its psychometric properties

Even though the number of women playing soccer in Europe has expanded tremendously, the conception of soccer as an essentially masculine activity is still under investigation. Despite the importance, a study on the development and validation of a scale focusing on gender equality has not yet been reported. This study validates the Attitudes Towards Gender Equality Scale for School Football Soccer (EAIGFU). We utilized a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a non-probabilistic sampling technique. The scale was applied to a sample of 883 Spanish students majoring in physical education. The average age of the students who participated in the study was 10.68 years (SD = .74). The sample was divided randomly into two groups to perform the analysis in two steps: a) exploratory factor analysis in Group 1 and b) confirmatory factor analysis in Group 2. The results showed that the three correlated factors model fitted the data in a good way [χ2/df = 2.09, GFI = .97, CFI = .93, NFI = .87, RMSEA = .05 CI 90% (.04, .06), and SRMR = .06]. Reliability by Cronbach's alpha was acceptable to good (.70 to .81). On the other hand, the links between the level of competence and egalitarian attitudes in soccer were reviewed and the beliefs and attitudes based on gender. It is concluded that EAIGFU is reliable, shows evidence of validity among Spaniard students of physical education, and the three correlated factors model is adequate to represent the equality between gender in football soccer.(AU)

Cross-national dataset from Chile, Spain, Venezuela and Colombia to analyze the meanings students attribute to the pedagogical authority of teachers.

The data displayed here were collected through a Likert scale that measures the meanings attributed to the pedagogical authority. The final sample comprised 913 teacher training university students from four Ibero-American countries (Chile, Spain, Colombia, and Venezuela). The value of the data relies, among others, on the possibility to analyse similarities and differences of those meanings among countries. This database allows for an increase of the sample, whether by applying the instrument to the same countries or to different ones. The main contributions of the article "Scale of Pedagogical Authority Meanings in the Classroom (ESAPA) for Ibero-America built on the opinions of teaching students" [1] belong to the psychometrics and education fields.

Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del Brief COPE, su relación con el NEO PI-R y diferencias de género en Brasil / Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Brief COPE, its Relationship with the NEO PI-R and Gender Differences in Brazil

El NEO PI-R es una escala base para examinar la personalidad y el Brief COPE es un instrumento, poco difundido en Brasil, para examinar el afron-tamiento. Por ello, el presente estudio transversal con muestra brasileña tiene como objetivos evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Brief COPE, examinar su relación con el NEO PI-R, así como también evaluar las diferencias de género en el NEO PI-R y el Brief Cope. Participaron 899 adultos. El análisis factorial no confirmó la estructura original del Brief COPE. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció una solución de ocho factores, que fue corroborada por el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad y los factores del afrontamiento, así como también diferencias significativas de género.

The NEO PI-R is a major scale to examine the personality, and the Brief COPE is a little known instrument in Brazil to examine the coping. As this cross-sectional study with Brazilian sample aims to: evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE; examine its relationship with the NEO PI-R, and evaluate gender differences in the NEO PI-R and Brief Cope. The participants were 899 adults. The factor analysis did not confirm the original structure of the Brief COPE. The exploratory factorial analysis showed an eight factor solution, which was confirmed by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Correlation was found between the five dimensions of personality and coping factors, as well significant differences between genders.