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1.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol ; 153: 103028, 2020 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32622322

ABSTRACT

Due to improvements in systemic therapies and longer survivals, cancer patients frequently present with recurrent brain metastases (BM). The optimal therapeutic strategies for limited brain relapse remain undefined. We analyzed tumor control and survival in patients treated with salvage focal radiotherapy in our center. Thirty-three patients with 112 BM received salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for local or regional recurrences. Local progression was observed in 11 BM (9.8 %). After 1 year, 72 % of patients were free of distant brain failure, and the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 37.7 %. No increase in toxicity or neurologically related deaths were observed. The 2- and 3-year whole brain radiation therapy free survival (WFS) rates were 92.9 % and 77.4 %, respectively. Hence, focal radiotherapy is a feasible salvage of recurrent BM in selected group of patients with limited brain disease, achieving a maintained intracranial control and less neurological toxicity.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiosurgery , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Salvage Therapy , Treatment Outcome
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 23(1): 67-72, 2019 01 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30674377

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the Republic of Angola is one of the 14 countries figuring in the three high tuberculosis (TB) burden country lists, the true multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) situation is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients aged 16 years with a diagnosis of pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled from June 2014 to July 2015. Sputum samples were collected for culture and drug susceptibility testing in all patients, and for Xpert® MTB/RIF testing in all previously treated patients and in new patients whose sputum remained smear-positive after 2 months of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 422 patients were included; Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 308 sputum samples. The prevalence of MDR-TB was 8.0% (18/225) in new patients and 71.1% (59/83) in previously treated patients. Male sex (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.35-6.44, P = 0.007), previous anti-tuberculosis treatment (OR 20.86, 95%CI 9.53-45.67, P < 0.001), presence of pleural thickening (OR 7.68, 95%CI 1.57-37.43, P = 0.012) and duration of illness >4 months (OR 3.34, 95%CI 1.45-7.69, P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MDR-TB in Cubal, Angola, was higher than estimated by the World Health Organization for Angola and one of the highest worldwide. Facilities to diagnose and treat MDR-TB are urgently needed in Angola.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Adult , Angola/epidemiology , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multivariate Analysis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Young Adult
3.
Public Health Action ; 8(3): 135-140, 2018 Sep 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30271730

ABSTRACT

Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) control requires the proper identification and treatment of affected patients and investigation of their contacts. In certain vulnerable immigrant groups, however, these tasks may be hindered due to their ethnic and sociocultural characteristics. Objective: To analyse the results of a community programme designed to locate hard-to-reach immigrants with TB. Design: Descriptive study of all cases diagnosed with confirmed TB referred to the Public and Community Health team of the Drassanes International Health Unit in Barcelona during 2012-2014 due to difficulties in tracing these patients. Both cases and contacts were categorised based on their World Health Organization region of origin. The sociodemographic characteristics of each group and the community interventions carried out during the tracing period are described. Results: A total of 122 cases and 316 contacts were detected. As a result of community-based strategies, 73% of the initial cases completed treatment; 3.8% of the contacts were diagnosed with TB, 91.7% of whom were treated appropriately; 17.1% contacts had latent infection, 79.3% of whom completed chemoprophylaxis. Conclusions: Intervention strategies with a community approach for follow-up and control of TB in certain immigrant communities seem to be effective.


Contexte : La lutte contre la tuberculose (TB) requiert l'identification et le traitement appropriés des patients affectés et l'examen de leurs contacts. Ces tâches peuvent néanmoins être entravées dans certains groupes vulnérables d'immigrants en raison de leurs spécificités ethniques et socioculturelles.Objectif : Analyser les résultats d'un programme communautaire conçu pour localiser les immigrants atteints de TB dont le suivi s'avère difficile.Schéma : Etude descriptive de tous les cas ayant un diagnostic de TB confirmé référés à l'équipe de santé publique et communautaire dans l'unité de santé internationale Drassanes de Barcelone en 2012­2014 en raison des difficultés à les localiser. A la fois les cas et les contacts ont été classés en se basant sur leur région Organisation Mondiale de la Santé d'origine. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de chaque groupe et les interventions communautaires réalisées pendant leur recherche sont décrites.Résultats : Ont été détectés 122 cas et 316 contacts. Grâce aux stratégies communautaires, 73% des cas initiaux ont achevé leur traitement, 3,8% des contacts ont eu un diagnostic de TB, dont 91,7% ont été traités correctement ; 17,1% des contacts avaient une infection latente, dont 79,3% ont achevé la chimioprophylaxie.Conclusions: Les stratégies d'intervention par approche communautaire du suivi et de la lutte contre la TB dans certaines communautés d'immigrants semblent efficaces.


Marco de Referencia: El control de la tuberculosis (TB) requiere identificar y tratar adecuadamente a los pacientes afectados y realizar el seguimiento de sus contactos. Sin embargo, la realización de estas tareas puede ser complicada de llevar a cabo en ciertos colectivos de inmigrantes vulnerables debido a sus peculiaridades étnicas y socioculturales.Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de un programa comunitario diseñado para realizar el seguimiento de inmigrantes afectados de TB.Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de todos los casos con diagnóstico confirmado de TB remitidos al equipo de Salud Pública y Salud Comunitaria de la Unidad de Salud Internacional de Drassanes de Barcelona debido a las dificultades para realizar su seguimiento, durante el período 2012­2014. Se describen las características sociodemográficas tanto de los casos como de los contactos categorizados según su región de origen como intervenciones comunitarias llevadas a cabo durante su seguimiento.Resultados: Se detectaron 122 casos y 316 contactos. Como resultado de las estrategias comunitarias el 73% de los casos iniciales completaron el tratamiento. Un 3,8% de los contactos fueron diagnosticados de TB, de los cuales el 91,7% fueron tratados correctamente. El 17,1% de los contactos tenían una infección tuberculosa latente, de los cuales el 79,3% completaron la quimioprofilaxis.Conclusiones: Las estrategias de intervención comunitarias para el seguimiento y control de la TB en ciertos colectivos inmigrantes parecen ser efectivas.

6.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(5): 221-237, mayo 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044870

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo: El conocimiento de la frecuencia de los distintos defectos congénitos a lo largo del tiempo y en las diferentes comunidades autónomas es importante, no sólo para cuantificar la magnitud del problema y planificar los recursos necesarios, sino para disponer de sistemas de vigilancia y analizar el impacto de las diversas actuaciones sanitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar comparativamente en las 11 comunidades autónomas que participan en la REpIER (Red Epidemiológica de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras) las frecuencias de 6 tipos de defectos congénitos. Sujetos y métodos: Se han utilizado los datos del ECEMC (Estudio Colaborativo Español de Malformaciones Congénitas) correspondientes a las 11 autonomías que participan en la REpIER (Andalucía, Aragón, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña, Comunidad de Madrid, Comunidad Valenciana, Extremadura, La Rioja y el Principado de Asturias), en el período 1980-2003. El ECEMC es un programa de investigación clínico-epidemiológico acerca de las causas de los defectos congénitos, estructurado como un sistema permanente de registro, con un diseño de tipo caso-control y de base hospitalaria. Los defectos estudiados han sido: anencefalia; espina bífida; labio leporino, con o sin fisura del paladar; sólo fisura del paladar; defectos por reducción de extremidades, y síndrome de Down en hijos de mujeres con más de 34 años. Para el análisis de la tendencia temporal en cada autonomía se ha utilizado la prueba de tendencia lineal (χ2con 1 grado de libertad) y la χ2 con k-2 grados de libertad para detectar desviaciones de la linealidad. Resultados: La distribución temporal de las frecuencias no es igual para todos los defectos estudiados ni en todas las comunidades. La mayor concordancia entre las 11 autonomías estudiadas se observa para la disminución secular del síndrome de Down en madres de más de 34 años, que es significativa en 8 comunidades. La anencefalia disminuye significativamente en 6 autonomías, y en otras 2 no se registró ningún caso. La espina bífida muestra descensos estadísticamente significativos en 6 circunscripciones autonómicas. La distribución secular de las frecuencias de los otros 3 tipos de malformaciones estudiadas no presenta tendencias significativas en la mayoría de las autonomías. Conclusiones: Desde que hay en España la posibilidad legal de realizar una interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tras la detección prenatal de anomalías, se observa un claro descenso de las frecuencias al nacimiento de los defectos para los que es posible el diagnóstico prenatal. Dicho descenso no ha sido igual en todas las comunidades, ni en lo que se refiere a su comienzo ni en cuanto a su intensidad, lo que puede estar poniendo de manifiesto, entre otros factores, diferencias en cuanto a la atención sanitaria


Background and objective: Knowledge of the frequency of the distinct congenital defects over time in the various Autonomous Communities in Spain is important, not only to quantify the scope of the problem and to plan the necessary resources, but also to have surveillance systems and analyze the impact of the diverse health interventions. The aim of this study was to analyze the comparative frequencies of 6 types of congenital defect in the 11 Autonomous Communities participating in the Epidemiological Network on Rare Disease Research (REpIER). Subjects and methods: We analyzed data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC) corresponding to the 11 Autonomous Communities participating in REpIER (Andalusia, Aragon, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, the Autonomous Community of Madrid, the Autonomous Community of Valencia, Extremadura, La Rioja, and the Principality of Asturias) from 1980 to 2003. The ECEMC is a clinical-epidemiological research program on the causes of congenital defects, structured as a permanent registration system with a case-control design. The program is hospital-based. The defects studied were anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft palate only, limb reduction defects, and Down syndrome in infants born to mothers aged 34 years or older. To analyze the time trends in each Autonomous Community, the lineal trend test (chi-square with 1 degree of freedom) and chi-square with k-2 degrees of freedom to detect deviations from linearity were used. Results: The time trend of the frequencies was not the same for all the defects studied or for all the Autonomous Communities. The highest concordance between the 11 Autonomous Communities analyzed was observed in the decreasing secular trend for Down syndrome in infants born to mothers aged 34 years or older, which was statistically significant in 8 Autonomous Communities. The frequency of anencephaly significantly decreased in 6 Autonomous Communities, and in a further 2 no cases were registered. The frequency of spina bifida significantly decreased in 6 Autonomous Communities. The secular distribution of the frequencies of the other 3 types of malformations studied showed no significant trends in most of the regions. Conclusions: Since pregnancy terminations after prenatal detection of anomalies became legal in Spain, the frequency of prenatally diagnosable birth defects has clearly decreased. This decrease has not been equal in all the regions. Differences were found in the time the decreases began and in their intensity, which may reveal, among other factors, differences in health care


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Anencephaly/epidemiology , Down Syndrome/epidemiology , Maternal Age , Spinal Dysraphism/epidemiology , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Limb Deformities, Congenital/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology
7.
São Paulo; s.n; fev. 1942. 25 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1240366

ABSTRACT

Esta contribución es la novena sobre el mismo tema. A pesar de ser, entre ellas, de distinto significado, todas tuvieron su razón de ser y fueron oportunas, y, sin excepción, se realizaron con pleno conocimiento de causa y con un nexo de unión digno del asunto originario. De las nueve cinco aparecieron en Salta, como correspondía a su índole y a su ambiente.


Subject(s)
Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/history , Leprosy/mortality , Leprosy/prevention & control , Leper Colonies
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