ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Evaluation of the global and regional reproducibility of T2 relaxation time in patellar cartilage at 1.5 T and 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 6 left patellae of 6 healthy volunteers (aged 25 - 30, 3 female, 3 male) were examined using a fat-saturated multiecho sequence and a T1-w 3D-FLASH sequence with water excitation at 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla. Three consecutive data sets were acquired within one MRI session with the examined knee being repositioned in the coil and scanner between each data set. The segmented cartilage (FLASH sequence) was overlaid on the multiecho data and T2 values were calculated for the total cartilage, 3 horizontal layers consisting of a superficial, intermedial and deep layer, 3 facets consisting of a medial, median (ridge) and lateral facet (global T2 values) and 27 ROIs/MRI slices (regional T2 value). The reproducibility (precision error) was calculated as the root mean square average of the individual standard deviations [ms] and coefficients of variation (COV) [%]. RESULTS: The mean global reproducibility error for T2 was 3.53 % (+/- 0.38 %) at 1.5 Tesla and 3.25 % (+/- 0.61 %) at 3 Tesla. The mean regional reproducibility error for T2 was 8.62 % (+/- 2.61 %) at 1.5 Tesla and 9.66 % (+/- 3.37 %) at 3 Tesla. There was no significant difference with respect to absolute reproducibility errors between 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla at a constant spatial resolution. However, different reproducibility errors were found between the cartilage layers. One third of the data variability could be attributed to the influence of the different cartilage layers, and another 10 % to the influence of the separate MRI slices. CONCLUSION: Our data provides an estimation of the global and regional reproducibility errors of T2 in healthy cartilage. In the analysis of small subregions, an increase in the regional reproducibility error must be accepted. The data may serve as a basis for sample size calculations of study populations and may contribute to the decision regarding the level of detail of an evaluation of study data.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Patella/anatomy & histology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Confidence Intervals , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Male , Reproducibility of Results , SoftwareABSTRACT
Seven T2 maps (multiecho (ME) sequence: 3000 ms, eight echoes with 13.2 ms of echo spacing, 20 sections) and T1-weighted (T1-w) fast low-angle shot (FLASH-water excitation (WE)) data sets from four imaging sessions (right patellae of 10 healthy volunteers) were obtained. A segmentation of cartilage (WE sequence) was overlaid on the ME data and T2 values were calculated for total cartilage, three layers, three facets (global), and 240 ROIs (regional). Reproducibility (precision error) was calculated as the root mean square average (RMSA) of the individual coefficients of variation (COVs, %) and standard deviations (SDs, ms) for intra- and intersession reproducibility. The precision error was 3-7% and 6-29% for global and regional T2, respectively. There was no difference between intra- and intersession reproducibility, but there was worse reproducibility in the superficial layers compared to the deeper layers. Peripheral ROI reproducibility (mean=13%) was worse than in the central portions (mean=11%), but omission of the periphery did not positively affect the globally calculated T2 reproducibility. The precision errors were small compared to reported changes in diseased cartilage, suggesting good discriminatory power of the technique. Our data provide a first estimate of global and regional reproducibility errors of T2 in healthy cartilage, and may serve as a basis for sample size calculations and aid study designs for longitudinal and cross-sectional trials in osteoarthritis (OA).
