ABSTRACT
Brazil, which is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV), has had recent Zika (ZIKV) and (CHIKV) Chikungunya virus outbreaks. Since March 2016, CHIKV is the arbovirus infection most frequently diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro. In the analysis of 1835 syndromic patients, screened by real time RT-PCR, 56.4% of the cases were attributed to CHIKV, 29.6% to ZIKV, and 14.1% to DENV-4. Sequence analyses of CHIKV from sixteen samples revealed that the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype of CHIKV has been circulating in Brazil since 2013 [95% bayesian credible interval (BCI): 03/2012-10/2013], almost a year before it was detected by arbovirus surveillance program. Brazilian cases are related to Central African Republic sequences from 1980's. To the best of our knowledge, given the available sequence published here and elsewhere, the ECSA genotype was likely introduced to Rio de Janeiro early on 2014 (02/2014; BCI: 07/2013-08/2014) through a single event, after primary circulation in the Bahia state at the Northestern Brazil in the previous year. The observation that the ECSA genotype of CHIKV was circulating undetected underscores the need for improvements in molecular methods for viral surveillance.
Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Bayes Theorem , Brazil/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Chikungunya virus/classification , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Genotype , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Humans , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/chemistry , RNA, Viral/metabolism , Sequence Analysis, RNAABSTRACT
The dengue virus (DENV), of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), has four antigenically distinct serotypes, of which DENV-3 is classified into five genotypes. Here, we describe the detection of DENV-3 genotype I in sera of a Brazilian patient travelling from Singapore to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by using multiplex real-time RT-PCR, DNA sequencing of the whole envelope protein gene, and phylogenetic analysis. The virus shares ancestry with those identified in Bali, Indonesia, in 2015. It is possible that arboviruses such as Chikungunya ECSA genotype, DENV-4 genotype I, and Zika were introduced in Brazil from other continents during the multiple international events hosted by the country over the last four years, including World Youth Day, the Soccer World Cup, and the Summer Olympics.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Imported/virology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue/virology , Genotype , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Zika Virus/genetics , Brazil , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Genetic Variation , Humans , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , SerogroupABSTRACT
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that emerged in Brazil by late 2014. In the country, two CHIKV foci characterized by the East/Central/South Africa and Asian genotypes, were established in North and Northeast regions. We characterized, by phylogenetic analyses of full and partial genomes, CHIKV from Rio de Janeiro state (2014-2015). These CHIKV strains belong to the Asian genotype, which is the determinant of the current Northern Brazilian focus, even though the genome sequence presents particular single nucleotide variations. This study provides the first genetic characterisation of CHIKV in Rio de Janeiro and highlights the potential impact of human mobility in the spread of an arthropod-borne virus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Brazil , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that emerged in Brazil by late 2014. In the country, two CHIKV foci characterized by the East/Central/South Africa and Asian genotypes, were established in North and Northeast regions. We characterized, by phylogenetic analyses of full and partial genomes, CHIKV from Rio de Janeiro state (2014-2015). These CHIKV strains belong to the Asian genotype, which is the determinant of the current Northern Brazilian focus, even though the genome sequence presents particular single nucleotide variations. This study provides the first genetic characterisation of CHIKV in Rio de Janeiro and highlights the potential impact of human mobility in the spread of an arthropod-borne virus.
Subject(s)
Chikungunya virus/genetics , Brazil , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Genotype , Humans , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infects individuals worldwide and is associated with an ample range of pathologies and clinical manifestations. B19V is classified into three distinct genotypes, all identified in Brazil. Here, we report a complete sequence of a B19V genotype 1A that was obtained by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. This genome provides information that will contribute to the studies on B19V epidemiology and evolution.
Subject(s)
Genome, Viral/genetics , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Brazil , Child , Fatal Outcome , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Humans , Male , Parvovirus B19, Human/classification , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infects individuals worldwide and is associated with an ample range of pathologies and clinical manifestations. B19V is classified into three distinct genotypes, all identified in Brazil. Here, we report a complete sequence of a B19V genotype 1A that was obtained by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. This genome provides information that will contribute to the studies on B19V epidemiology and evolution.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Genome, Viral/genetics , /genetics , Brazil , Fatal Outcome , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , /classification , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Heteroduplex mobility assay, single-stranded conformation polymorphism and nucleotide sequencing were utilised to genotype human parvovirus B19 samples from Brazil and Paraguay. Ninety-seven serum samples were collected from individuals presenting with abortion or erythema infectiosum, arthropathies, severe anaemia and transient aplastic crisis; two additional skin samples were collected by biopsy. After the procedure, all clinical samples were classified as genotype 1.
Subject(s)
Heteroduplex Analysis/methods , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational/genetics , Base Sequence , Brazil , Female , Genotype , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Paraguay , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virologyABSTRACT
Heteroduplex mobility assay, single-stranded conformation polymorphism and nucleotide sequencing were utilised to genotype human parvovirus B19 samples from Brazil and Paraguay. Ninety-seven serum samples were collected from individuals presenting with abortion or erythema infectiosum, arthropathies, severe anaemia and transient aplastic crisis; two additional skin samples were collected by biopsy. After the procedure, all clinical samples were classified as genotype 1.
