Identifying malignant mesothelioma by a pathological survey using the São Paulo state hospital cancer registry, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To review the pathological diagnosis of possible cases and/or hidden cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) between 2000 and 2012 using the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry database in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Possible cases were retrieved by assessing the database. Inclusion criteria were being older than 30 years of age and having ICD-O-3 topography and morphology codes related to MM. A board of expert pathologists reviewed the pathology reports and requested paraffin blocks in cases that demanded revision. After staining with calretinin, D2-40, WT-1 (as positive MM markers) and Ber-EP4 and MOC31 (as negative MM markers), cases were divided and studied independently by a pair of pathologists to confirm or discard the diagnosis of MM. RESULTS: Our sample comprised 482 cases from 25 hospitals, and 130 needed further histological revision. We received 73 paraffin blocks with adequate material. After board analysis, there were 9 cases with a definitive diagnosis of MM, improving the diagnostic rate in 12%. Two cases of previously diagnosed MM were discarded by review. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that part of MM underdiagnosis and underreporting in Brazil is due to incomplete or mistaken pathological diagnosis.

Identifying malignant mesothelioma by a pathological survey using the São Paulo state hospital cancer registry, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the pathological diagnosis of possible cases and/or hidden cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) between 2000 and 2012 using the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry database in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Possible cases were retrieved by assessing the database. Inclusion criteria were being older than 30 years of age and having ICD-O-3 topography and morphology codes related to MM. A board of expert pathologists reviewed the pathology reports and requested paraffin blocks in cases that demanded revision. After staining with calretinin, D2-40, WT-1 (as positive MM markers) and Ber-EP4 and MOC31 (as negative MM markers), cases were divided and studied independently by a pair of pathologists to confirm or discard the diagnosis of MM. Results: Our sample comprised 482 cases from 25 hospitals, and 130 needed further histological revision. We received 73 paraffin blocks with adequate material. After board analysis, there were 9 cases with a definitive diagnosis of MM, improving the diagnostic rate in 12%. Two cases of previously diagnosed MM were discarded by review. Conclusions: Our results confirm that part of MM underdiagnosis and underreporting in Brazil is due to incomplete or mistaken pathological diagnosis.

PANCREATIC CANCER MORTALITY TRENDS AND CORRELATION WITH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) IN BRAZIL OVER 40 YEARS.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer mortality is greater in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI). This study analyzed pancreatic cancer mortality rates trends, and their correlation with HDI in Brazil over 40 years. METHODS: Data on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil between 1979 and 2019 were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson's correlation test was applied to compare mortality rates and HDI for three periods: 1986-1995 was correlated with HDI of 1991, 1996-2005 with HDI of 2000, and 2006-2015 with HDI of 2010; and to the correlation of AAPC versus the percentage change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. RESULTS: A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil, with an annual increase of 1.5% in men and 1.9% in women. There was an upward trend for mortality in most Brazilian states, with the highest trends observed in the North and Northeast states. A positive correlation between pancreatic mortality and HDI was observed over the three decades (r>0.80, P<0.05) and also between AAPC and HDI improvement by sex (r=0.75 for men and r=0.78 for women, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was an upward trend in pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil for both sexes, but rates among women were higher. Mortality trends were higher in states with a higher percentage improvement in HDI, such as the North and Northeast states.

Cancer stage and time from cancer diagnosis to first treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted cancer care and the diagnosis of new cases of cancer. We analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cancer by comparing the number of newly diagnosed cases, cancer stage, and time to treatment in 2020 with those in 2018, 2019, and 2021. A retrospective cohort of all cancer cases treated at A.C. Camargo Cancer Center in 2018-2021, identified from the Hospital Cancer Registry, was studied. We analyzed single and multiple primary cancer case and patient characteristics-by year and by clinical stage (early v advanced). Times from diagnosis to treatment were compared according to the most frequent tumor sites between 2020 and the other study years. Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 29,796 new cases were treated at the center including 24,891 with a single tumor and 4,905 with multiple tumors, including nonmelanoma skin cancer. The number of new cases decreased by 25% between 2018 and 2020 and 22% between 2019 and 2020, followed by an increase of about 22% in 2021. Clinical stages differed across years, with the number of new advanced cases decreasing from 17.8% in 2018 to 15.2% in 2020. Diagnoses of advanced-stage for lung and kidney cancer decreased between 2018 and 2020, while the number of thyroid and prostate cancer cases diagnosed in advanced-stages increased from 2019 to 2020. The time from diagnosis to treatment decreased between 2018 and 2020 for breast (55.5 v 48 days), prostate (87 v 64 days), cervical/uterine (78 v 55 days) and oropharyngeal (50 v 28 days) cancers. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the numbers of single and multiple cancers diagnosed in 2020. An increase in the number of advanced-stage cases diagnosed was observed only for thyroid and prostate cancer. This pattern may change in coming years due to the possibility that a significant number of cases went undiagnosed in 2020.

Hodgkin lymphoma in Brazil: trends in incidence and mortality over 4 decades.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, there is lack of studies on the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of HL in Brazil for incidence, mortality and trends. METHODS: Data on incidence in Brazil were collected from Population-Based Cancer Registries (1988-2017) and mortality for 1979-2019. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Average annual percent change was estimated and analyzed in two calendar periods for mortality (1979-1999 and 2000-2019). RESULTS: Trends in the incidence of HL for males in Brazil declined in two state capitals - Belo Horizonte, -3.7% (95% CI, -7.1 to -0.3); and Salvador, -8.5% (95% CI, -13.0 to -3.8) - and remained stable in other cities. For females, two capitals showed a decrease in incidence: Salvador, -9.5% (95% CI, -15.3 to -3.2) and Porto Alegre, -3.9% (95% CI, -7.0 to -0.8). Mortality rates in males were higher than those in females. However, the decrease in mortality was greater in males, -2.2% (95% CI, -2.5 to -1.8). Age incidence distribution across Brazilian capitals showed a higher incidence among younger (15-30 years) individuals yet no clear incidence among older adults (>60 years). CONCLUSION: The incidence trend of HL in Brazil has remained stable. While the mortality rates have decreased for both sexes. Age distribution for mortality at a young age and older ages follows the bimodal pattern for Brazil as a whole. Finally, further studies are necessary to understand age incidence distribution of HL in Brazil.

Tendências de mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas correlacionadas com o índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) no Brasil em 40 anos / Pancreatic cancer mortality trends and correlation with human development index (hdi) in brazil over 40 years

ABSTRACT Background Pancreatic cancer mortality is greater in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI). This study analyzed pancreatic cancer mortality rates trends, and their correlation with HDI in Brazil over 40 years. Methods: Data on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil between 1979 and 2019 were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson's correlation test was applied to compare mortality rates and HDI for three periods: 1986-1995 was correlated with HDI of 1991, 1996-2005 with HDI of 2000, and 2006-2015 with HDI of 2010; and to the correlation of AAPC versus the percentage change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. Results: A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil, with an annual increase of 1.5% in men and 1.9% in women. There was an upward trend for mortality in most Brazilian states, with the highest trends observed in the North and Northeast states. A positive correlation between pancreatic mortality and HDI was observed over the three decades (r>0.80, P<0.05) and also between AAPC and HDI improvement by sex (r=0.75 for men and r=0.78 for women, P<0.05). Conclusion There was an upward trend in pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil for both sexes, but rates among women were higher. Mortality trends were higher in states with a higher percentage improvement in HDI, such as the North and Northeast states.

RESUMO Contexto A mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas é maior em países com alto Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Este estudo analisou as taxas e tendências de mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas e correlacionou-as com o IDH no Brasil no período de 40 anos. Métodos: Os dados sobre mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas no Brasil, entre 1979 e 2019, foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). As taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade e variação percentual média anual (AAPC) foram calculadas. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi aplicado para comparar as taxas de mortalidade e IDH em três períodos: 1986-1995 foi correlacionado com o IDH de 1991, 1996-2005 com IDH 2000 e 2006-2015 com IDH 2010; e a correlação da AAPC versus o percentual de variação do IDH de 1991 a 2010. Resultados: Foram notificados 209.425 óbitos por câncer de pâncreas no Brasil no período de 1979 a 2019, com aumento de 1,5% ao ano em homens e de 1,9% em mulheres. Houve tendência de aumento da mortalidade na maioria dos estados brasileiros, com maiores tendências nos estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Foi observada uma correlação positiva na mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas e o IDH ao longo de três décadas (r>0,80, P<0,05); também, entre o AAPC e o incremento do IHD entre 1991 e 2010 (r=0,75 para homens e r=0,78 para mulheres, P<0,05). Conclusão: Houve tendência crescente da mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas no Brasil, em ambos os sexos, porém maior entre as mulheres. As tendências de mortalidade foram maiores nos estados com maior percentual de incremento do IDH, como estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste.

Epidemiologia do câncer de pâncreas na América Latina e no Brasil / Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in Latin America and Brazil

Introdução: O câncer de pâncreas é um tumor de alta letalidade, é o décimo segundo tipo mais comum e a sétima causa de morte, em ambos os sexos, no mundo. Estima-se que o câncer de pâncreas terá um aumento contínuo de incidência e mortalidade nos próximos 20 anos e isso causará um enorme ônus econômico para as populações em todo o mundo. Para o monitoramento e vigilância epidemiológica em câncer, pode-se apoiar em dados secundários como no Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade e dos registros de câncer (de base populacional e hospitalares) e estimativas a partir destes dados; por essa razão, investigou-se a epidemiologia do câncer de pâncreas na América Latina e no Brasil. Métodos: A tese compreende três manuscritos: (i) tendências de incidência, mortalidade e anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALYs), bem como a fração de mortes por câncer de pâncreas atribuíveis a fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos em países da América Latina e Caribe (LAC) entre 1990 e 2019 (Global Burden Disease, 2019); (ii) mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas no Brasil e unidades da federação entre 1979 e 2019, dados do Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade (SIM); (iii) comparabilidade, validade, completude e pontualidade para cinco tumores gastrointestinais, câncer de esôfago, estômago, colorretal, fígado e pâncreas, em Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBPs) brasileiros. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento na incidência, mortalidade e DALYs para o câncer de pâncreas em ambos os sexos na maioria dos países da América Latina e Caribe; as maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade foram observadas no Uruguai e as menores no Haiti. Redução na fração de mortes atribuíveis ao tabagismo entre 1990 e 2019, para ambos os sexos nos países da LAC; entretanto, aumento dentre os fatores metabólicos. No Brasil, entre 1979 e 2019, foram notificados um total de 209.425 óbitos por câncer de pâncreas, com tendência de aumento de 1,5% ao ano em homens e 1,9% em mulheres. Houve tendência de aumento da mortalidade na maioria dos estados brasileiros, com maiores tendências nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, e correlação positiva entre o índice de desenvolvimento humano e a tendência de aumento da mortalidade por câncer de pâncreas. Dentre os dezesseis RCBPs brasileiros estudados, todos atenderam aos critérios de comparabilidade, porém metade apresentou índices abaixo do esperado para validade e completude para tumores de fígado e pâncreas. Para pontualidade, os dezesseis registros apresentaram mais de 48 meses de atraso na divulgação dos dados em relação ao ano calendário de 2023. Considerações finais: O câncer de pâncreas representa um desafio para a saúde pública nos países da América Latina e no Brasil, diante do desafio na redução da incidência e da mortalidade, assim como na vigilância epidemiológica em câncer através dos RCBPs brasileiros que necessitam de suporte para continuidade do monitoramento da incidência do câncer.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a tumor of high lethality, is the twelfth most common type and the seventh cause of death, in both sexes, in the world. It is estimated that pancreatic cancer will have a continuous increase in incidence and mortality over the next 20 years and this will cause a huge economic burden for populations around the world. For epidemiological monitoring and surveillance in cancer, it is possible to use on secondary data such as the Mortality Information System and cancer registries (population-based and hospital) and estimates from these data, for this reason the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in Latin America and Brazil was investigated. Methods: The thesis comprises three manuscripts: (i) trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as the fraction of pancreatic cancer deaths attributable to behavioral and metabolic risk factors in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries between 1990 and 2019 (Global Burden Disease, GBD 2019); (ii) mortality from pancreatic cancer in Brazil and federal units between 1979 and 2019, data from the Mortality Information System (SIM); (iii) comparability, validity, completeness and timeless for five gastrointestinal tumors, esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver and pancreatic cancers, in the Brazilian Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs). Results: An increase in the incidence, mortality and DALYs of pancreatic cancer was observed in most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the highest incidence and mortality rates were observed in Uruguay and the lowest in Haiti. The fraction of pancreatic cancer deaths attributable to smoking reduced between 1990 and 2019 for both sexes in LAC countries, however, it increased for metabolic risk factors. In Brazil, between 1979 and 2019, a total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported, with a trend of increase of 1.5% per year in men and 1.9% in women. There was an increase in mortality in most Brazilian states, higher in the North and Northeast regions with a positive correlation between the improvement of the human development index and the trend of increased mortality from pancreatic cancer. Among the sixteen Brazilian PBCRs studied, all agreement the criteria of comparability, but half have lower than expected indices for validity and completeness for liver and pancreatic tumors, and as for timeless the sixteen records are more than 48 months late in the release of data in relation to the calendar year 2023. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer represents a challenge for public health in LAC and Brazil, given the challenge in reducing incidence and mortality, as well as in epidemiological surveillance in cancer through Brazilian PBCRs to ensure the activity and stability for continued monitoring of cancer incidence.

Razão de mortalidade materna no Brasil entre 2019 e 2021: uma análise antes e após a pandemia / Maternal mortality ratio in Brazil between 2019 and 2021: an analysis before and after the pandemic / Tasa de mortalidad materna en Brasil entre 2019 y 2021: un análisis antes y después de la pandemia

A morte materna pode ser classificada como diretas e indiretas, são resultantes de complicações obstétricas no decorrer da gestação, durante o parto e/ou no puerpério. Em 2020, com a eclosão da pandemia do coronavírus se tornou um grande obstáculo para a garantir a saúde materno-fetal. No contexto brasileiro, eliminar significativamente a mortalidade por fatores evitáveis é um imenso desafio da saúde pública, bem como da equidade social, de gênero e de raça. Considerando os efeitos da COVID-19 no Brasil este trabalho objetivou analisar a tendência da RMM no Brasil antes e após a pandemia, no período de 2019 a 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico descritivo e quantitativo analítico da razão de mortalidade materna (RMM) no Brasil, construído mediante dados secundários de estatísticas vitais extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) - Datasus, no período de 2019 a 2021. Os dados do SIM e do Sinasc, até o ano 2021, são considerados finalizados. No período estudado, contabilizaram-se no total 6.571 óbitos maternos no Brasil. De acordo com os dados estatísticos, em 2019, 2020 e 2021 foram notificados 1.576, 1.965 e 3.030 óbitos maternos ao SIM, respectivamente. Em 2020 e 2021, mostrou em todas as regiões um elevado números de óbitos maternos em relação a 2019. Ainda, em 2021 apresentou maior número de óbitos em comparação a 2020. Foi observado um aumento significativo da RMM no Brasil em 2020 e 2021, em decorrência da epidemia de covid-19. As causas indiretas foram as mais prevalentes relacionadas aos óbitos maternos. Por fim, as altas taxas de mortalidade materna no Brasil evidenciam a necessidade de efetiva aplicação de políticas públicas a fim de potencializar a redução dos óbitos maternos no País.

Maternal death can be classified as direct and indirect, they are consequences of obstetric complications during pregnancy, during delivery and/or in the puerperium. In 2020, with the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, it became a major obstacle to ensuring maternal and fetal health. In the Brazilian context, significantly eliminating mortality from preventable factors is an immense public health challenge, as well as social, gender and racial equity. Considering the effects of COVID-19 in Brazil, this work aimed to analyze the trend of MMR in Brazil before and after the pandemic, from 2019 to 2021. An ecological descriptive and quantitative analytical study of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was carried out in the Brazil, constructed using secondary statistical data extracted from the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) - Datasus, from 2019 to 2021. Data from SIM and Sinasc, up to the year 2021, are considered completed. In the observed period, a total of 6,571 maternal deaths were recorded in Brazil. According to statistical data, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, 1,576, 1,965 and 3,030 maternal deaths were reported to the SIM, respectively. In 2020 and 2021, it showed a high number of maternal deaths in all regions compared to 2019. Also, in 2021 it showed a higher number of deaths compared to 2020. A significant increase in MMR was observed in Brazil in 2020 and 2021, in as a result of the covid-19 epidemic. Indirect causes were the most prevalent related to maternal deaths. Finally, the high maternal mortality rates in Brazil highlight the need for effective implementation of public policies in order to enhance the reduction of maternal deaths in the country.

La muerte materna puede ser clasificada como directa e indirecta, son consecuencias de complicaciones obstétricas durante el embarazo, durante el parto y/o en el puerperio. En 2020, con el estallido de la pandemia por coronavirus, se convirtió en un gran obstáculo para garantizar la salud materna y fetal. En el contexto brasileño, eliminar significativamente la mortalidad por factores prevenibles es un inmenso desafío de salud pública, así como de equidad social, de género y racial. Considerando los efectos de la COVID-19 en Brasil, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la tendencia de la TMM en Brasil antes y después de la pandemia, de 2019 a 2021. Se realizó un estudio ecológico descriptivo y cuantitativo analítico de la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM) en el Brasil, construido a partir de datos estadísticos secundarios extraídos del Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos (Sinasc) y del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) - Datasus, de 2019 a 2021. Los datos del SIM y del Sinasc, hasta el año 2021, se consideran completos. En el período observado, se registraron un total de 6.571 muertes maternas en Brasil. Según los datos estadísticos, en 2019, 2020 y 2021, se notificaron al SIM 1.576, 1.965 y 3.030 muertes maternas, respectivamente. En 2020 y 2021, mostró un alto número de muertes maternas en todas las regiones en comparación con 2019. Asimismo, en 2021 mostró un mayor número de muertes en comparación con 2020. Se observó un aumento significativo de la RMM en Brasil en 2020 y 2021, en como resultado de la epidemia de covid-19. Las causas indirectas fueron las más prevalentes relacionadas con las muertes maternas. Por último, las altas tasas de mortalidad materna en Brasil ponen de relieve la necesidad de una aplicación eficaz de las políticas públicas con el fin de mejorar la reducción de las muertes maternas en el país.

Filling Materials Efficacy on Preventing Biofilm Formation Inside Screw Access Channels of Implant Abutments.

The choice of the material used to fill screw access channels in implant-supported prostheses depends, in most cases, on operator's preference, without considering the susceptibility of biofilm colonization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and compare the total amount of biofilm formed on different materials used to fill screw access channels in implant abutments. For this propose, titanium implant analogs were attached on abutments and divided into 5 groups: positive control (no filling material); negative control (closed with resin); and filled with cotton, gutta-percha, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The analogs with attached abutments were then immersed in a brain heart infusion medium containing Candida albicans (strain 10231 from American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]) and incubated aerobically at 37°C with gentle agitation. After 15 days, materials were removed, and total viable biofilm on each material was quantified by methyl tetrazolium reduction assay at 490 nm. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistic software using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests to analyze differences between groups, with an overall significance level of P < .001. A significant difference was observed between cotton and gutta-percha (P < .017) and between cotton and PTFE (P < .025). However, there was no statistical difference between gutta-percha and PTFE (P > .050). Thus, this in vitro experiment showed that gutta-percha and PTFE presented lower biofilm formation compared with cotton when used to fill screw access channels. These results can provide a basis for future clinical studies that can be a guide to decreasing the occurrence of gaps and bacterial growth inside the implant/abutment attachment site. In addition, controlled in vivo studies are necessary to confirm the clinical viability of findings of this study.

Agreement and validity of asbestos-related cancers in the hospital information system of the Brazilian Unified Health System. / Concordância e validade dos diagnósticos de cânceres associados ao asbesto no sistema de informação hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the degree of agreement and validity of diagnoses of asbestos-related malignant neoplasms registered in the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), in comparison to the Hospital Cancer Registries of the State of São Paulo (HCR/SP). METHODS: Deaths with records of malignant neoplasms associated with asbestos were identified and extracted from SIH/SUS between 2007 and 2014. Deaths in cases registered in the HCR/SP were extracted for the same period. The databases were linked using software Link Plus. A single ICD-10-coded diagnosis selected from each system was analyzed. The proportion of agreement, and the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were estimated. RESULTS: 19,458 pairs were found with records in both bases. The proportion of agreement was high, ranging from 92.4% for the unknown primary site, to 99.7% for cancer of the pleura. The Kappa Index ranged from 0.05 (95%CI 0.04 - 0.07) for cancer of the pleura to 0.85 (95%CI 0.84 - 0.87) for lung cancer. Sensitivity varied from 0.08 (95%CI 0.01 - 0.25) for cancer of the pleura, to 0.90 (95%CI 0.90 - 0.91) for lung cancer. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of asbestos-related malignancies reached higher levels of agreement and validity when common. Rare diagnoses showed low accuracy in SIH/SUS.

OBJETIVO: Estimar o grau de concordância e validade dos diagnósticos de neoplasias malignas relacionadas à exposição ao asbesto registrados no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), em comparação aos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (RHC/SP). MÉTODOS: Óbitos com registros de neoplasias malignas associadas ao asbesto foram identificados e extraídos do SIH/SUS entre 2007 e 2014. Óbitos nos casos de câncer registrados na base do RHC/SP foram extraídos para o mesmo período. Essas bases foram unidas pelos mesmos indivíduos empregando-se o software Link Plus. Um único diagnóstico codificado pela CID-O3 ou CID-10 selecionado de cada sistema foi analisado. A proporção de concordância e a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos foram estimados. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se 19.458 pares com registros nas duas bases. A proporção de concordância foi elevada, variando de 92,4% para a localização primária desconhecida a 99,7% para o câncer de pleura. O índice Kappa variou de 0,05 (IC95% 0,04 - 0,07) para o câncer de pleura a 0,85 (IC95% 0,84 - 0,87) para o câncer de pulmão. A menor sensibilidade foi de 0,08 (IC95% 0,01 - 0,25), para o câncer de pleura, e a maior de 0,90 (IC95% 0,90 - 0,91), para o câncer de pulmão. CONCLUSÃO: Diagnósticos de neoplasias malignas associadas ao asbesto alcançaram maiores níveis de concordância e validade quando comuns. Os diagnósticos mais raros apresentaram baixa acurácia no SIH/SUS.

Organic fertilization influences nematode diversity and maturity index in coffee tree plantations using an agroforestry system.

In conventional coffee farming, soil fauna can be negatively affected by the intensive management practices adopted and the use of an agroforestry system (AFS) is an alternative to reduce these impacts. In coffee AFS, soil nutrition is provided mainly using organic fertilizers. This soil management favors the microbiota and can alter the population dynamics of some organisms. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers on the nematode community in coffee AFS and to determine their impact on soil ecology. Soil samples were collected from three coffee AFS and a nearby Atlantic rainforest fragment. Nematodes were extracted from the samples and identified to the genus. The identified populations were compared using several community and diversity indices to determine the environmental conditions of the systems under evaluation. No differences in total abundance among nematode communities were found in the four areas evaluated. Regarding trophic groups, the coffee AFS treated with either cow manure or poultry litter favored the trophic group of bacterivores. Plant-parasitic nematodes were more abundant in soils of both the naturally fertilized coffee AFS and the Atlantic rainforest fragment. The maturity and structural indexes indicated that the Atlantic rainforest fragment and the naturally fertilized coffee AFS had similar ecological functions. On the other hand, soils fertilized with cow manure were less diverse, had higher dominance in the community, and showed less ecological stability. The nematode communities found in the AFS were similar to those seen in the forest fragment indicating that is possible to produce coffee sustainably without negatively affecting soil quality.

Recovering records on cancer of the larynx from anonymous health information databases.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a linkage algorithm to match anonymous death records of cancer of the larynx (ICD-10 C32X), retrieved from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIH-SUS) in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: Death records containing ICD-10 C32X codes were retrieved from SIM and SIH-SUS, limited to individuals aged 30 years and over, between 2002 and 2012, in the state of São Paulo. The databases were linked using a unique key identifier developed with sociodemographic data shared by both systems. Linkage performance was ascertained by applying the same procedure to similar non-anonymous databases. True pairs were those having the same identification variables. RESULTS: A total of 14,311 eligible death records were found. Most records, 10,674 (74.6%), were exclusive to SIM. Only 1,853 (12.9%) deaths were registered in both systems, representing true pairs. A total of 1,784 (12.5%) cases of laryngeal cancer in the SIH-SUS database were tracked in SIM with different causes of death. The linkage failed to match 167 (9.4%) records due to inconsistencies in the key identifier. CONCLUSION: The authors found that linking anonymous data from mortality and hospital records is a feasible measure to track missing records and may improve cancer statistics.

Differences in mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a Brazilian cancer center.

INTRODUCTION: To analyze COVID-19 mortality in cancer patients and associated factors such as age, sex, type of insurance, situation at COVID-19 diagnosis, and cancer histology during the pandemic at a cancer center in Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out from April 02, 2020 to August 31, 2020 at A.C. Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC), in São Paulo, Brazil. Cases were extracted from the Hospital Cancer Registry. COVID-19 lethality rates by histology were calculated; multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. The log-rank test was applied to compare the survival curves for each variable. RESULTS: Of the 411 patients analyzed, 51 (12.4%) died due to COVID-19. Death occurred at an average age of 63 years. The fatality rate was higher for lung (0.333) and hematological (0.213) cancers and was associated with age over 60 years. The greatest chances of death from COVID-19 were in cases of lung (odds ratio, OR, 4.05, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.33-12.34) and hematological (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.96-4.90) cancers, and in patients currently undergoing cancer treatment (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.25-6.13). There were no statistical differences in survival by sex, age group, type of insurance, situation at the diagnosis of COVID-19, and histology of cancer for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality due to COVID-19 in cancer patients is heterogeneous. These findings reinforce the need for individualized strategies for the management of different types of cancer that reduce the risk of death from COVID-19.

Recovering records on cancer of the larynx from anonymous health information databases / Recuperação de registros de câncer de laringe de bancos de dados anônimos de saúde

ABSTRACT: Objective: To develop a linkage algorithm to match anonymous death records of cancer of the larynx (ICD-10 C32X), retrieved from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIH-SUS) in Brazil. Methodology: Death records containing ICD-10 C32X codes were retrieved from SIM and SIH-SUS, limited to individuals aged 30 years and over, between 2002 and 2012, in the state of São Paulo. The databases were linked using a unique key identifier developed with sociodemographic data shared by both systems. Linkage performance was ascertained by applying the same procedure to similar non-anonymous databases. True pairs were those having the same identification variables. Results: A total of 14,311 eligible death records were found. Most records, 10,674 (74.6%), were exclusive to SIM. Only 1,853 (12.9%) deaths were registered in both systems, representing true pairs. A total of 1,784 (12.5%) cases of laryngeal cancer in the SIH-SUS database were tracked in SIM with different causes of death. The linkage failed to match 167 (9.4%) records due to inconsistencies in the key identifier. Conclusion: The authors found that linking anonymous data from mortality and hospital records is a feasible measure to track missing records and may improve cancer statistics.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Desenvolver um algoritmo de vinculação de registros para parear registros de óbito por câncer de laringe (CID-10 C32X), recuperados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS) do Brasil. Métodos: Foram filtrados registros de óbitos contendo códigos CID-10 C32X do SIM e do SIH-SUS, de indivíduos de mais de 30 anos, entre 2002 e 2012, no Estado de São Paulo. As bases de dados foram vinculadas por meio de um identificador único e de variáveis sociodemográficas comuns a ambos os sistemas. O desempenho da vinculação de dados foi aferido aplicando-se o mesmo procedimento em bancos de dados nominais. Os pares verdadeiros apresentavam os mesmos valores nas variáveis de identificação. Resultados: Ao todo, 14.311 registros elegíveis de óbito foram encontrados. A maioria dos registros, 10.674 (74.6%), era exclusiva do SIM. Apenas 1.853 (12.9%) óbitos foram registrados em ambos os sistemas, representando pares verdadeiros. Um total de 1.784 (12.5%) casos de câncer de laringe presentes no SIH-SUS constavam com diferentes causas de óbito no SIM. Houve falha na vinculação em 167 (9.4%) registros, devido a inconsistências na chave de identificação. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a vinculação de dados anônimos de registros hospitalares e registros de óbito é viável e pode auxiliar na melhoria de estatísticas de câncer.

Concordância e validade dos diagnósticos de cânceres associados ao asbesto no sistema de informação hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde / Agreement and validity of asbestos-related cancers in the hospital information system of the Brazilian Unified Health System

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar o grau de concordância e validade dos diagnósticos de neoplasias malignas relacionadas à exposição ao asbesto registrados no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), em comparação aos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (RHC/SP). Métodos: Óbitos com registros de neoplasias malignas associadas ao asbesto foram identificados e extraídos do SIH/SUS entre 2007 e 2014. Óbitos nos casos de câncer registrados na base do RHC/SP foram extraídos para o mesmo período. Essas bases foram unidas pelos mesmos indivíduos empregando-se o software Link Plus. Um único diagnóstico codificado pela CID-O3 ou CID-10 selecionado de cada sistema foi analisado. A proporção de concordância e a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos foram estimados. Resultados: Encontraram-se 19.458 pares com registros nas duas bases. A proporção de concordância foi elevada, variando de 92,4% para a localização primária desconhecida a 99,7% para o câncer de pleura. O índice Kappa variou de 0,05 (IC95% 0,04 - 0,07) para o câncer de pleura a 0,85 (IC95% 0,84 - 0,87) para o câncer de pulmão. A menor sensibilidade foi de 0,08 (IC95% 0,01 - 0,25), para o câncer de pleura, e a maior de 0,90 (IC95% 0,90 - 0,91), para o câncer de pulmão. Conclusão: Diagnósticos de neoplasias malignas associadas ao asbesto alcançaram maiores níveis de concordância e validade quando comuns. Os diagnósticos mais raros apresentaram baixa acurácia no SIH/SUS.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the degree of agreement and validity of diagnoses of asbestos-related malignant neoplasms registered in the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), in comparison to the Hospital Cancer Registries of the State of São Paulo (HCR/SP). Methods: Deaths with records of malignant neoplasms associated with asbestos were identified and extracted from SIH/SUS between 2007 and 2014. Deaths in cases registered in the HCR/SP were extracted for the same period. The databases were linked using software Link Plus. A single ICD-10-coded diagnosis selected from each system was analyzed. The proportion of agreement, and the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were estimated. Results: 19,458 pairs were found with records in both bases. The proportion of agreement was high, ranging from 92.4% for the unknown primary site, to 99.7% for cancer of the pleura. The Kappa Index ranged from 0.05 (95%CI 0.04 - 0.07) for cancer of the pleura to 0.85 (95%CI 0.84 - 0.87) for lung cancer. Sensitivity varied from 0.08 (95%CI 0.01 - 0.25) for cancer of the pleura, to 0.90 (95%CI 0.90 - 0.91) for lung cancer. Conclusion: Diagnosis of asbestos-related malignancies reached higher levels of agreement and validity when common. Rare diagnoses showed low accuracy in SIH/SUS.

SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN A CANCER CENTER.

BACKGROUND: Hospital-based studies recently have shown increases in colorectal cancer survival, and better survival for women, young people, and patients diagnosed at an early disease stage. OBJECTIVE: To describe the overall survival and analyze the prognostic factors of patients treated for colorectal cancer at an oncology center. METHODS: The analysis included patients diagnosed with colon and rectal adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2013 and identified in the Hospital Cancer Registry at A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. Overall 5-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated in a Cox regression model. Hazard ratios (HR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of 2,279 colorectal cancer cases analyzed, 58.4% were in the colon. The 5-year overall survival rate for colorectal cancer patients was 63.5% (65.6% and 60.6% for colonic and rectal malignancies, respectively). The risk of death was elevated for patients in the 50-74-year (HR=1.24, 95%CI =1.02-1.51) and ≥75-year (HR=3.02, 95%CI =2.42-3.78) age groups, for patients with rectal cancer (HR=1.37, 95%CI =1.11-1.69) and for those whose treatment was started >60 days after diagnosis (HR=1.22, 95%CI =1.04-1.43). The risk decreased for patients diagnosed in recent time periods (2005-2009 HR=0.76, 95%CI =0.63-0.91; 2010-2013 HR=0.69, 95%CI =0.57-0.83). CONCLUSION: Better survival of patients with colorectal cancer improves with early stage and started treatment within 60 days of diagnosis. Age over 70 years old was an independent factor predictive of a poor prognosis. The overall survival increased to all patients treated in the period 2000-2004 to 2010-2013.

Salmonella Minnesota de origem avícola apresenta fatores de virulência e risco potencial aos humanos / [Salmonella Minnesota poultry origin has virulence factors and potential risk to human]

Objetivou-se avaliar características de virulência, perfil de resistência antimicrobiana e padrão de similaridade genética de 71 cepas de Salmonella Minnesota isoladas na cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte, entre 2009 e 2010, em duas unidades de uma empresa (A e B). Os isolados foram sorotipificados e submetidos ao teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana pelo teste de difusão em disco. Utilizando-se PCR, foi avaliada a presença dos genes invA, lpfA, agfA e sefA e os genes de resistência aos betalactâmicos (bla TEM , bla SHV e bla CTX-M ). A relação filogenética foi determinada por RAPD-PCR. Os maiores percentuais de resistência foram para tetraciclina e sulfonamida. Foram reconhecidos oito perfis de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre as cepas isoladas na indústria A, e 11 perfis de resistência na indústria B. Do total de cepas, 100% foram positivas para o gene invA, 98,6% para o gene agfA, 49,3% para o gene lpfA e nenhuma para o gene sefA. Três cepas foram positivas para o gene bla TEM (4,2%) e 11 (15,5%) para o gene bla CTX-M . A avaliação filogenética demonstrou a presença de sete clusters com similaridade superior a 80% e três perfis distintos. Com base no dendrograma, observou-se a disseminação de um mesmo perfil em ambas as empresas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profile and the pattern of genetic similarity of 71 strains of Salmonella Minnesota isolated in the production chain of broilers between 2009 and 2010, into two units of a company (A and B). Isolates were serotyped and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion test. Using PCR, the presence of genes invA, lpfA, agfA and sefA and the genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) were evaluated. The phylogenetic relationship was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. The highest percentages of resistance were to tetracycline and sulfonamide. Eight antimicrobial resistance profiles were recognized among strains isolated in industry A, and 11 resistance profiles in industry B. Of all strains of both industries, 100% were positive for the invA gene, 98.6% to agfA gene, 49.3% for lpfA gene, and no strain showed the sefA gene. Three strains were positive for the gene blaTEM (4.2%), 11 (15.5%) for the blaCTX-M gene. Phylogenetic evaluation showed the presence of seven clusters with similarity greater than 80% and three distinct profiles. Based on the dendrogram we observed the spread with similar profiles in both companies.(AU)

Sobrevida de pacientes com câncer colorretal em um Cancer Center / Survival of patients with colorectal cancer in a cancer center

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hospital-based studies recently have shown increases in colorectal cancer survival, and better survival for women, young people, and patients diagnosed at an early disease stage. OBJECTIVE: To describe the overall survival and analyze the prognostic factors of patients treated for colorectal cancer at an oncology center. METHODS: The analysis included patients diagnosed with colon and rectal adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2013 and identified in the Hospital Cancer Registry at A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. Overall 5-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated in a Cox regression model. Hazard ratios (HR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of 2,279 colorectal cancer cases analyzed, 58.4% were in the colon. The 5-year overall survival rate for colorectal cancer patients was 63.5% (65.6% and 60.6% for colonic and rectal malignancies, respectively). The risk of death was elevated for patients in the 50-74-year (HR=1.24, 95%CI =1.02-1.51) and ≥75-year (HR=3.02, 95%CI =2.42-3.78) age groups, for patients with rectal cancer (HR=1.37, 95%CI =1.11-1.69) and for those whose treatment was started >60 days after diagnosis (HR=1.22, 95%CI =1.04-1.43). The risk decreased for patients diagnosed in recent time periods (2005-2009 HR=0.76, 95%CI =0.63-0.91; 2010-2013 HR=0.69, 95%CI =0.57-0.83). CONCLUSION: Better survival of patients with colorectal cancer improves with early stage and started treatment within 60 days of diagnosis. Age over 70 years old was an independent factor predictive of a poor prognosis. The overall survival increased to all patients treated in the period 2000-2004 to 2010-2013.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Estudos hospitalares recentes têm demonstrado aumento da sobrevida do câncer colorretal e melhor sobrevida para mulheres, jovens e pacientes diagnosticados em estágio precoce da doença. OBJETIVO: Descrever a sobrevida global e analisar os fatores prognósticos de pacientes tratados para câncer colorretal em um centro de oncologia. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de cólon e reto entre 2000 e 2013, identificados no Registro Hospitalar de Câncer do A.C.Camargo Cancer Center. A sobrevida global aos 5 anos foi estimada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e os fatores prognósticos foram avaliados pelo modelo de Cox. As razões de risco (HR) são relatadas com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: Dos 2.279 casos de câncer colorretal analisados, 58,4% eram de cólon. A taxa de sobrevida global aos 5 anos para pacientes com câncer colorretal foi de 63,5% (65,6% e 60,6% para câncer de cólon e retal, respectivamente). O risco de óbito foi elevado para pacientes na faixa etária de 50-74 anos (HR=1,24; IC95% =1,02-1,51) e ≥75 anos (HR=3,02; IC95% =2,42-3,78), para pacientes com câncer retal (HR=1,37; IC95% =1,11-1,69) e para aqueles cujo tratamento foi iniciado >60 dias após o diagnóstico (HR=1,22; IC95% =1,04-1,43). O risco diminuiu para pacientes diagnosticados em períodos recentes (2005-2009 HR=0,76; IC95% =0,63-0,91; 2010-2013 HR=0,69; IC95% =0,57-0,83). CONCLUSÃO: A sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer colorretal é maior naqueles em estágio inicial e com início do tratamento antes dos 60 dias.. Idade acima de 70 anos foi fator independente preditivo de mau prognóstico. A sobrevida global aumentou para todos os pacientes tratados no período de 2000-2004 a 2010-2013.

Survival trends of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer treated at a cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the overall survival (OS) and conditional survival (CS) in patients diagnosed with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to determine their survival trends. METHODS: The study included all consecutive patients treated at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center for oral or oropharyngeal SCC between 2001 and 2012. Data were obtained from the Hospital Cancer Registry. OS and CS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the probability of survival with Cox predictor models. RESULTS: Data of 505 oral and 380 oropharyngeal SCC patients obtained in 2001-2006 and 2007-2012 were analyzed. Most of the oral SCC (59%) and oropharyngeal SCC (90%) patients had stages III-IV SCC. The 5-year OS for patients with oral SCC was 51.7%, with no significant difference between the first and second periods. The CS rates in 2007-2012 were 65% after the first year and 86% up to the fifth year. For oropharyngeal SCC, the 5-year OS rate was 45.0% in the first period. The survival rate increased to 49.1% from 2007 to 2012, with a reduction in the risk of death (HR=0.69;0.52-09.2). The CS estimates from 2007 to 2012 were 59% after the first year and 75% up to the fifth year. CONCLUSION: Survival across the two time periods remained stable for oral SCC but showed a significant increase for oropharyngeal SCC, possibly because of improvements in the patients' response to radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and the use of more accurate diagnostic imaging approaches.

Early use of alcohol associated with sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle factors: survival analysis with Brazilian students.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the early age of onset (AOO) of alcohol consumption and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle characteristics. METHODS: A national cross-sectional multi-centered study assessed 12-17-year old adolescents from 1247 public and private schools in 124 Brazilian municipalities with more than 100 000 habitants. Our variable of interest was the AOO of alcohol consumption. Covariates comprised sociodemographic status, lifestyle habits and nutritional parameters. We used adapted survival models to investigate the association between covariates and the AOO of alcohol consumption. RESULTS: From a sample of 67 672 adolescents, 50% were females. The mean AOO of alcohol consumption was 12.9 years. Male adolescents had a lower mean age of alcohol experimentation when compared to females in Northeast and South regions. The difference between private and public school for AOO was observed only for the Northeast Region (12.6 versus 13.1, respectively). Adolescents who reported smoking or mental health problems or from the Southern Region presented earlier alcohol use. Physical activity and overweight were positively associated with earlier use of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: There is no homogeneity in the AOO of alcohol consumption among adolescents, which should be considered when formulating public policies and government campaigns directed toward reducing alcohol consumption.