ABSTRACT
Guatemala implemented wastewater-based poliovirus surveillance in 2018, and three genetically unrelated vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were detected in 2019. The Ministry of Health (MoH) response included event investigation through institutional and community retrospective case searches for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) during 2018-2020 and a bivalent oral polio/measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination campaign in September 2019. This response was reviewed by an international expert team in July 2021. During the campaign, 93% of children 6 months <7 years of age received a polio-containing vaccine dose. No AFP cases were detected in the community search; institutional retrospective searches found 37% of unreported AFP cases in 2018â2020. No additional VDPV was isolated from wastewater. No evidence of circulating VDPV was found; the 3 isolated VDPVs were classified as ambiguous VDPVs by the international team of experts. These detections highlight risk for poliomyelitis reemergence in countries with low polio vaccine coverage.
Subject(s)
Poliomyelitis , Poliovirus , Child , Humans , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/adverse effects , Wastewater , Guatemala/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Poliomyelitis/epidemiology , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Environmental MonitoringABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar conocimiento, actividades y barreras en atención primaria en salud en profesionales de enfermería del nivel de atención básico en Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal. Participaron 79 sujetos claves representativos que laboran en el primer nivel en instituciones públicas y privadas de salud de Barranquilla. Instrumentos: encuesta ad hoc. Los datos se analizaron en SPSS versión 21 en español. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. Los participantes firmaron consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 64,6 % presentó un conocimiento no aceptable con relación a APS (4,8/8,0 puntos posibles), y se observó que solo el 2,6 % logró una mejor puntuación (6/8 puntos). A medida que se avanza en experiencia laboral (más de 3 años) se incrementa el conocimiento (p=0,05). No se observaron diferencias en el conocimiento de acuerdo con el área de desempeño, nivel de formación y la edad. La mediana y frecuencia modal de barreras identificadas fue de 9/14; de ellas se desconoce el papel de políticas y aspectos administrativos relacionados con implementación, gestión y evaluación de la atención primaria en salud. Se observan debilidades en actividades de promoción, prevención, vigilancia epidemiológica y control ambiental Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento demuestra la necesidad de capacitación, movilización y empoderamiento con respecto a la atención primaria en salud para el profesional de enfermería. El desconocimiento de aspectos inherentes a política, planificación y gestión en APS dificulta la puesta en marcha de la misma en el territorio, lo cual obstaculiza el posicionamiento y rol de la enfermería en atención primaria.
Objective: To determine knowledge, activities and barriers in primary health care nurses in the basic standards in Barranquilla. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants were 79 key representative subjects working in the first level in public and private health institutions in Barranquilla. Instruments: ad hoc Survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 in Spanish. A bivariate analysis accompanied by proof of significance (chi square) was performed. Participants signed informed consent. Results: 64.6% displayed insufficient knowledge regarding PHC (4.8 / 8.0 possible points), noting that only 2.6% achieved a better score (6/8 points). As one progresses through work experience (over 3 years), knowledge (p = 0.05) increases. No differences in knowledge according to the performance area, level of education and age were observed. The median and modal frequency of barriers identified was 9/14; The role of policies and administrative aspects related to implementation, management and evaluation of primary health care is unknown for the latter. Weaknesses were observed in advocacy, prevention, surveillance and environmental monitoring. Conclusions: The level of knowledge displayed demonstrates the need for training, mobilization and empowerment with regard to primary health care for the nurse. Ignorance of aspects inherent to policy, planning and management in PHC hinders its implementation in the territory, which hinders the positioning and role of nursing in primary care.
