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1.
J Voice ; 31(2): 246.e11-246.e19, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27777058

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the vocal behavior of flamenco singers, as compared with classical music singers, to establish a differential vocal profile of voice habits and behaviors in flamenco music. METHOD: Bibliographic review was conducted, and the Singer's Vocal Habits Questionnaire, an experimental tool designed by the authors to gather data regarding hygiene behavior, drinking and smoking habits, type of practice, voice care, and symptomatology perceived in both the singing and the speaking voice, was administered. We interviewed 94 singers, divided into two groups: the flamenco experimental group (FEG, n = 48) and the classical control group (CCG, n = 46). Frequency analysis, a Likert scale, and discriminant and exploratory factor analysis were used to obtain a differential profile for each group. RESULTS: The FEG scored higher than the CCG in speaking voice symptomatology. The FEG scored significantly higher than the CCG in use of "inadequate vocal technique" when singing. Regarding voice habits, the FEG scored higher in "lack of practice and warm-up" and "environmental habits." A total of 92.6% of the subjects classified themselves correctly in each group. CONCLUSIONS: The Singer's Vocal Habits Questionnaire has proven effective in differentiating flamenco and classical singers. Flamenco singers are exposed to numerous vocal risk factors that make them more prone to vocal fatigue, mucosa dehydration, phonotrauma, and muscle stiffness than classical singers. Further research is needed in voice training in flamenco music, as a means to strengthen the voice and enable it to meet the requirements of this musical genre.


Subject(s)
Habits , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Music , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Occupational Health , Occupations , Singing , Voice Disorders/prevention & control , Voice Quality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Discriminant Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Self Care , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Verbal Behavior , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Voice Disorders/etiology , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Young Adult
2.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 14-20, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97769

ABSTRACT

Las adopciones realizadas en países extranjeros han mostrado un incremento significativo en los últimos años, y en aproximadamente el 46% de los casos se llevan a cabo con niños y niñas entre el año y los 4 años de edad. Dada las condiciones de vulnerabilidad en que estos niños nacen y viven sus primeros meses, y la diversidad de contextos a los que llegan una vez son adoptados, es necesario un estudio exhaustivo de los factores que influyen en su desarrollo social e intelectual con el fin de potenciar aquellos que lo promuevan. Dentro del desarrollo intelectual de estos niños, el desarrollo del lenguaje juega un papel muy importante, pues es la base de un desenvolvimiento futuro seguro, a nivel social y emocional. Debido a las condiciones que rodean a la adopción, los niños y niñas adoptados pueden presentar trayectorias de desarrollo retrasadas o diferentes a las de los que viven con sus familias biológicas en hogares monolingües o multilingües. Dentro de la población de niños adoptados, los padres y educadores de los niños provenientes de adopción internacional (NAI) pueden encontrar incertidumbre a la hora de decidir si es necesaria, y cuándo, una intervención profesional temprana. Tal incertidumbre puede superarse mediante el acceso a información basada en la evidencia que ayude a tomar decisiones clínicas apropiadas. Esta evidencia nos indicará el nivel de desarrollo típico para cada edad en los NAI, así como los avances que cabe esperar tras una intervención profesional (AU)


There has been a significant increase in international adoption in the last few years, with nearly 46% being 1-to-4-year-old children. Given the special conditions of vulnerability that children adopted from abroad experience from birth, and the variety of contexts to which they arrive upon adoption, an exhaustive study of factors influencing their social and cognitive development is necessary (with the aim of strengthening those that promote it). Language development plays an important role in children's general development, since it is the foundation of their future security at a social and emotional level. Because of the special conditions surrounding international adoption, children adopted from abroad may present delayed or different trajectories from children growing up with their biological families (in monolingual or multilingual homes). With children adopted from abroad, parents and educators can run into difficulties when deciding if and when they should seek professional intervention. A solid evidence-based practice can overcome such uncertainty, indicating the typical development for children in each age group and the expected result after professional intervention (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/organization & administration , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/trends , Language , Risk Factors , Language Development , /methods , Adoption/psychology
3.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(2): 47-53, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-89805

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de caracterizar las dificultades lingüísticas de los alumnos con privación sociocultural, así como de los niños con alteraciones lingüísticas, con el fin de proporcionarles la atención educativa adecuada. Para ello, se comparan las ejecuciones en diversas medidas sintácticas de tres grupos de niños con edades comprendidas entre los 7 años y medio y los 9 años (grupo control, n = 33; grupo con privación, n = 34, y grupo con trastorno específico del lenguaje —TEL—, n = 27). Los niños respondieron a un conjunto de medidas sintácticas diseñadas para esta investigación. Los resultados arrojan diferencias entre el grupo control y el grupo con privación en las medidas que implican integración de palabras funcionales y requieren mayor composición metalingüística; no se confirmaron tales diferencias cuando las medidas consistían solamente en producir estructuras sintácticas a partir de palabras con significado o de sintagmas. Por el contrario, se confirman diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y el grupo con TEL en todas las medidas, y es la producción de estructuras sintácticas a partir de sintagmas la que arroja mayores diferencias entre el grupo con privación social y el grupo con TEL. Se discute la mayor dependencia socioambiental de algunas medidas sintácticas frente a otras, así como las dificultades específicas de los niños con TEL, no sólo en la realización de tareas de producción lingüística, sino también en aquellas que requieren mayor planificación de las estructuras del lenguaje (AU)


This study aimed to characterize the linguistic difficulties of students with sociocultural deprivation, as well as those of children with language disorders in order to provide appropriate educational care. To do this, we compared performance in various syntactic measures in three groups of children aged between 7 years and 6 months and 9 years [control group, n = 33; deprived group, n = 34; specific language impairment (SLI) group, n = 27]. The children responded to a set of syntactic measures designed for this research project. The results showed differences between the control group and the deprivation group in measures involving functional integration of words and requiring greater metalinguistic composition. These differences were not confirmed when the measures consisted only of producing syntactic structures from meaningful words or phrases. In contrast, significant differences were confirmed between the control group and the SLI group on all measures. When the SLI and the social deprivation group were compared, the greatest difference were found in the production of syntactic structures based on phrases. We discuss the greater influence of social and environmental factors on some syntactic measures than on others, and the specific difficulties of children with SLI, not only in performing tasks of language production, but also in those requiring greater planning of language structures (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cultural Characteristics , Language Disorders/epidemiology , Aptitude/physiology , Social Conditions/statistics & numerical data , Social Conditions/trends , Language Disorders/etiology , Language Disorders/psychology , Analysis of Variance
4.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(4): 167-173, oct.-dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-128967

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se tratan algunas cuestiones de interés para la evaluación del lenguaje. Se establece la distinción entre métodos prescriptivos (formales, estandarizados y basados en razonamiento deductivo) y descriptivos (no formales o alternativos, derivados de razonamiento inductivo). Tras mencionar algunas de las limitaciones de los métodos formales y tradicionales en lo que a la evaluación del lenguaje se refiere, derivadas principalmente en sus dificultades para la evaluación de las interacciones comunicativas y de la diversidad contextual debidas al exceso de control y sistematización de la situación, se comentan algunas cuestiones éticas sobre uso de los tests formales y se hace una reflexión sobre la validez del tratamiento diseñado según los resultados de algunos de estos tests. En la segunda parte, se comentan algunas de las estrategias de evaluación consideradas alternativas a la evaluación estandarizada, como la evaluación referida por criterios y específica del paciente, la evaluación auténtica, la evaluación dinámica, los portafolios y la utilización de medidas dependientes del procesamiento y se comentan algunas de sus aportaciones a la evaluación del lenguaje y sus trastornos. Se concluye el trabajo analizando las causas de la poca utilización de estas técnicas por los logopedas y se plantea la necesidad de una mayor investigación sobre la fiabilidad, validez y aplicabilidad clínica de estas medidas (AU)


This article discusses some issues in language assessment and distinguishes between prescriptive methods (formal, standardized methods, based on deductive reasoning) and descriptive methods (non-formal or alternative methods, derived from inductive reasoning). After mentioning some of the limitations of formal and traditional methods of language assessment, mainly arising from difficulties in assessing communicative interactions and contextual diversity due to excessive and systematic control of the situation, we discuss some ethical issues in the use of formal tests and reflect on the validity of treatments based on the results of some of these tests. The second part of this article discusses some of the evaluation strategies considered as alternatives to standardized assessment, such as criterion-referenced and client-specific assessment, authentic assessment, dynamic assessment, portfolios and the use of processing-dependent measures, and describes some of their contributions to the evaluation of language and language disorders. Finally, the reasons for the low utilization of these techniques by speech therapists are analyzed and the need for further research on the reliability, validity and clinical applicability of these measures is discussed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/instrumentation , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/methods , Language Arts/ethics , Language Arts , Language Development , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/therapy , Language Tests/statistics & numerical data , Speech-Language Pathology/ethics , Speech-Language Pathology/methods , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/education , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/standards , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/trends , Language Arts/trends , Language Development Disorders/epidemiology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Language Tests/standards , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Speech-Language Pathology/standards , Speech-Language Pathology/trends
5.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 62-72, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-128955

ABSTRACT

El estudio de la comprensión gramatical es un tema de gran interés para comprender el desarrollo del lenguaje; sin embargo, no hay muchos instrumentos para medirla en preescolares, y su estudio se hace necesario para la detección y pronta intervención de futuros problemas de lenguaje. El objetivo de nuestra investigación es evaluar la comprensión gramatical en preescolares españoles a través de un nuevo instrumento que se encuentra en fase experimental. Para ello fueron seleccionados 243 preescolares de Granada, divididos en seis grupos de edad. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre los grupos tanto en función de la puntuación total obtenida como en las distintas estructuras sintácticas del test. A partir de nuestra investigación se esperan obtener los datos necesarios para refinar nuestro instrumento y crear un test válido y fiable que pueda detectar diferentes trastornos del lenguaje en estas edades tan tempranas (AU)


The grammatical comprehension study is a subject with a lot of interest to understand the development of language. Nevertheless, the availability of devices capable of measuring it is very rare in preschoolers, and its study is considered a necesity for the detection and quick intervention of future language problems. The goal of this study is to assess the grammatical comprehension of the Spanish preschool children through a new experimental instrument. 243 preschool children, of Granada, were selected and separated into six groups by age. The results show significant differences between the groups in the total score and in the different syntactic structures of the test. These results permit to refine the instrument and develop a final test with validity and reliability (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Comprehension , Language Tests/standards , Language Development , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Language Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Competency/classification , Mental Competency/psychology , Language Disorders/classification , Language Disorders/psychology
6.
Psychopathology ; 40(6): 405-17, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17652953

ABSTRACT

An individual has a theory of mind (ToM) if he imputes mental states to himself and others and applies this system to make predictions about the behaviours of others. Findings of cognitive impairment could help us to understand faulty processing mechanisms in schizophrenia. The proposition is that individuals with schizophrenia may be unable to internalize adequately the points of view of others. We tested 27 schizophrenic patients (ICD; WHO). The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychopathology, and the three ToM tasks--first- and second-order false belief tasks and the mental verb extension task--were administered to each subject. Patients who perform well on the ToM first and second order stories do not show problems in the verb extension task. However, the mistakes made in the first and second order stories are also reflected in the verb extension task. The group having difficulties with the first-order story presented more problems in the mental verbs task than the group showing difficulties with the second-order story. This leads us to conclude that the impairments found on the first-order false belief task are more severe and profound than those on the second-order task, and such specific deficits are also seen in the organization of verbs of knowing. It would seem that some schizophrenic patients do not impute mental states to themselves and others, and therefore use the mental verbs wrongly.


Subject(s)
Interpersonal Relations , Schizophrenic Psychology , Self Psychology , Semantics , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cognition , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
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