ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 requiere recibir educación acerca de la enfermedad dirigida a mejorar los conocimientos y habilidades para su control. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la terapia nutricia y de la educación a través de un sitio multimedia, sobre el nivel de conocimientos y control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico abierto de 12 meses de seguimiento en 161 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Se asignaron 101 pacientes al grupo de intervención con terapia nutricional (TN) + Nutriluv (sitio multimedia), 80 pacientes al grupo control con TN. Se midió al inicio y al final la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos, colesterol LDL y HDL. Se registró el peso, la circunferencia de cintura, el porcentaje de grasa, la presión arterial sistólica y la diastólica. El nivel de conocimientos se midió con el cuestionario de conocimientos en diabetes DKQ24 (por sus siglas en inglés). RESULTADOS: Los conocimientos en diabetes mejoraron en el grupo con TN+Nutriluv comparado con el grupo TN (p < 0,05). La HbA1c, HDL, presión arterial diastólica y circunferencia de cintura mejoraron en el grupo con TN+Nutriluv (p < 0,05). En el grupo con TN mejoró el colesterol HDL, la presión arterial diastólica, la circunferencia de cintura y se incrementó el porcentaje de grasa (p < 0,05). Presentaron mayor riesgo de una HbA1c > 7% quienes tuvieron más años de diagnóstico de la diabetes. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de un sitio multimedia para proveer educación en diabetes mejora los conocimientos, el HbA1c y otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2
INTRODUCTION: The patient with diabetes mellitus type requires to receive education about the disease aimed at improving knowledge and skills for their control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional therapy and education through a multimedia site on the level of knowledge and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Open-label clinical trial of 12 months of follow-up in 161 patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 101 patients were assigned to the intervention group with nutrition therapy (TN) + Nutriluv (multimedia site in diabetes), 80 patients to the TN control group. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol were measured at the beginning and end. Weight, waist circumference, percentage of fat, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. The level of knowledge was measured with the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ24). RESULTS: The knowledge in diabetes improved in the group with TN+Nutriluv compared with the TN group (P<0.05). HbA1c, HDL, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference, improved in the group with TN+Nutriluv (P<0.05). In the group with TN, cholesterol HDL, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and the fat percentage was increased (P<0.05). They had a higher risk of having an HbA1c>7% who had more years of diagnosis of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a multimedia site with education in diabetes, improves knowledge, HbA1c, and other indicators of cardiovascular risk in diabetes type 2 patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Multimedia , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Educational Measurement , Treatment Outcome , Clinical Chemistry Tests/methods , Nutrition Therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Mexico , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Anthropometry , Body CompositionSubject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Multimedia , Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Life StyleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Health beliefs are relevant to consider in patients with type 2 diabetes since disease control depends mainly on the patient's behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess the association between health beliefs and glycated hemoglobin levels in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, and 336 patients were included. Fasting blood levels of glycated hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol; triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Body fat percentage, weight, height; waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also obtained. A previously validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the health beliefs with regards to non-pharmacological treatment. Health beliefs were classified as positive, neutral, and negative. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 54.7 ± 8.5 years, with a higher proportion of females (69%). The questionnaire had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.83. More than 90% of patients attributed a health benefit to diet and exercise, 30 to 40% experienced barriers, and more than 80% had a perception of complications associated to uncontrolled diabetes. Patients with positive health beliefs had lower HbA1c levels (8.2 ± 1.7%) compared to those with neutral (9.0 ± 2.3%), or negative (8.8 ± 1.8%; p = 0.042). The LDL-c levels were lower (p = 0.03), and HDL-c levels were higher (0.002) in patients with positive heath beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Positive health beliefs are associated with better metabolic control indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Background Education is the mainstay of medical management of chronic non communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Aim To assess the effects of a multimedia diabetes education intervention and nutritional therapy on lifestyle changes and metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods We studied 219 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 56 ± 8 years (28% males). They received education through a multimedia site about control indicators, complications, nutrition and physical exercise, among others. They also received a personalized nutritional therapy. They were followed-up for one year. At baseline and the end of follow up they were weighed, and their waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. A fasting blood sample was withdrawn to measure glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile. Lifestyles were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire called IMEVID. Results The median duration of diabetes was six years. During the follow up, patients had a significant reduction in body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure and improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Seven and 13% of patients reported favorable lifestyles at baseline and the end of follow up, respectively (p < 0.01). Compared with their counterparts with unfavorable lifestyles, patients with a favorable lifestyle had a significantly lower weight and glycosylated hemoglobin at the end of follow up. Conclusions The educational intervention along with nutritional therapy improved metabolic control and lifestyles in this group of diabetic patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Multimedia , Diabetes Mellitus , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Life StyleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The patient with diabetes mellitus type requires to receive education about the disease aimed at improving knowledge and skills for their control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional therapy and education through a multimedia site on the level of knowledge and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Open-label clinical trial of 12 months of follow-up in 161 patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 101 patients were assigned to the intervention group with nutrition therapy (TN) + Nutriluv (multimedia site in diabetes), 80 patients to the TN control group. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol were measured at the beginning and end. Weight, waist circumference, percentage of fat, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. The level of knowledge was measured with the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ24). RESULTS: The knowledge in diabetes improved in the group with TN+Nutriluv compared with the TN group (P<0.05). HbA1c, HDL, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference, improved in the group with TN+Nutriluv (P<0.05). In the group with TN, cholesterol HDL, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and the fat percentage was increased (P<0.05). They had a higher risk of having an HbA1c>7% who had more years of diagnosis of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a multimedia site with education in diabetes, improves knowledge, HbA1c, and other indicators of cardiovascular risk in diabetes type 2 patients.
