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Vascul Pharmacol ; 115: 46-54, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30797043

ABSTRACT

Chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment associated to nanoparticles (LDE) that mimic the composition of low-density lipoprotein and buffer their toxicity can have strong anti-atherosclerosis action, as we showed in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Here, a novel preparation of docetaxel (DTX) carried in LDE was evaluated. Eighteen rabbits were fed 1% cholesterol during 8 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, 9 animals were treated for 4 weeks with intravenous LDE-DTX (1 mg/kg/week) and 9 with LDE only (controls) once a week for 4 weeks. Animals were then euthanized and the aortas were analyzed for morphometry, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. LDE-DTX treated group showed 80% reduction of atheroma area compared to controls. LDE-DTX treatment reduced in 60% the protein expression of macrophage marker CD68 and of MCP-1 in 80%. LDE-DTX pronouncedly lowered expression of pro-inflammatory markers NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and von Willebrand factor and elicited 40% reduction in cell proliferation marker PCNA. The presence of smooth muscle cells in the intima was 85% smaller than in controls. Pro-apoptotic caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 all were reduced by LDE-DTX. Protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, TGF-ß, and collagen 1 and 3 were also markedly lowered by the LDE-DTX treatment. Animals showed no hematological, hepatic or renal toxicity consequent to LDE-DTX treatment. In conclusion, LDE-DTX showed a wide array of strong effects on pro-inflammatory and proliferation-promoting factors that drive the lesion development. These findings and the lack of observable toxicity indicate that LDE-DTX can be a candidate for future clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Aorta/drug effects , Aortitis/prevention & control , Atherosclerosis/prevention & control , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Docetaxel/pharmacology , Lipids/chemistry , Nanoparticles , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Aorta/metabolism , Aorta/pathology , Aortitis/metabolism , Aortitis/pathology , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Cell Death/drug effects , Cholesterol, Dietary , Diet, High-Fat , Disease Models, Animal , Docetaxel/chemistry , Drug Compounding , Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Male , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , von Willebrand Factor/metabolism
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