Complicaciones postoperatorias del manejo quirúrgico de escoliosis / Post-operative complications after surgical management of scoliosis

Introducción La tasa de complicaciones en cirugía de escoliosis sigue siendo alta. Lo que buscamos con este estudio es saber que características de los pacientes se relacionan con la presentación de complicaciones perioperatorias y poder usar esta informacion para la toma de medidas preventivas. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con escoliosis llevados a cirugía para corrección de su deformidad, obteniendo 230 pacientes y 318 procedimientos. Variables sociodemográficas fueron evaluadas con medidas de tendencia central, posteriormente se realizó un análisis bivariado y finalmente un análisis de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados Con una p<0,005 se encontró por diagnostico: escoliosis neuromuscular y sindromática un 28,8 y 16,66% de neumonías y una prevalencia de 15,87 y 33,33% de derrame pleural respectivamente. Escoliosis Congénita 1,88% tuvo Infección de vías urinarias. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística obteniendo a la edad como principal predictor para presentación de complicaciones, siendo más frecuentes en los pacientes más jóvenes (p<0,000). Discusión Se encontró que a menor edad mas frecuente era la presentación de complicaciones, resultado no reportado previamente, pero que sirve para respaldar la conducta conservadora en pacientes con escoliosis de inicio temprano. Las complicaciones mas comunes fueron las pulmonares. Escoliosis neuromuscular es el diagnostico que mas complicaciones reportó. Datos comparables con la literatura que se deben tener en cuenta para tomar medidas de prevención y el desarrollo de planes de mejoramiento.

Background The rate of complications in scoliosis surgery remains high. This study intends to determine the characteristics of the patients that are related to the presentation of perioperative complications, and to be able to use this information to take preventive measures. Material and Method Descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study, including 230 patients and 318 procedures, was conducted on patients with scoliosis who underwent surgery to correct their deformity. Socio-demographic variables were evaluated using measures of central tendency measurements, followed by a bivariate analysis, and finally a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results A significance of P<.005 was found for diagnosis: neuromuscular and syndromic scoliosis presented with 28.8 and 16.66% of pneumonias, and a prevalence of 15.87 and 33.33% for pleural effusion, respectively. A urinary tract infection (1.88%) was observed in Congenital Scoliosis. A logistic regression model was performed, observing age as the main predictor for presenting with complications, and being more frequent in younger patients (P<.000). Discussion It was found that more complications were present in younger patients. This outcome has not been previously reported, but can be used to support conservative behaviour in patients with early-onset scoliosis. The most common complication was pulmonary, with neuromuscular scoliosis being the diagnosis with more complications reported. These data are comparable with those in the literature, and should be taken into account when taking preventive measures and for the development of improvement plans.

Outcomes and complications of S2 alar iliac fixation technique in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis: experience in a third level pediatric hospital.

BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques are utilized for distal fixation in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. Although there is evidence of benefit with S2 alar iliac (S2AI) fixation, this remains controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the radiological outcomes and complications associated with this surgical technique in a pediatric population. METHODS: An observational retrospective case series study was performed. All pediatric patients between January 2011 and February 2014 diagnosed with neuromuscular scoliosis associated with pelvic obliquity, which required surgery with fixation unto S2AI, were included. Clinical, radiological findings, and adverse events were presented with measures of central tendency. Comparison of deformity correction was carried out using a non-parametric analysis for related samples (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with neuromuscular scoliosis that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. The leading cause of neuromuscular scoliosis in 23 (74.2%) patients was spastic cerebral palsy (CP). The correction of pelvic obliquity in the immediate postoperative period was of 76%, which is statistically significant. The extent of correction that patients maintained at the end of the follow-up was analyzed, and it was found that there were no significant differences in this magnitude, compared with the immediate postoperative pelvic obliquity. The mean follow-up time was 9±7 months. Regarding postoperative adverse events, occurred in 64.5% of patients, the most common outcome was pneumonia (14.8%). The overall rate of complications related to instrumentation was low (1.9%), which corresponds to one patient with an intra-articular screw in the left hip that required repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: S2AI fixation for the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis is a safe alternative, in which the onset of adverse events is related to the comorbidities of patients instead of the surgical procedure itself. An approximate correction of 76% of pelvic obliquity is maintained during the follow-up.