Consultas tardías en los servicios de emergencias pediátricas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Uruguay, entre el 13 de marzo y el 29 de julio de 2020

En diciembre de 2019, en Wuhan, China, se detectaron los primeros casos de SARS-CoV-2. En Uruguay, desde el 16 de marzo de 2020 se suspendieron las actividades de enseñanza, deportivas y espectáculos públicos. Varios países reportaron una marcada disminución de las visitas a urgencias. Algunos niños presentaron enfermedades ocasionales o descompensaciones de enfermedades crónicas, consultando en forma tardía con el riesgo que ello implica. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una descripción de las consultas tardías durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico y descriptivo entre el 13 de marzo y el 29 de julio de 2020. Se definió consulta tardía como los ingresos por injurias agudas con más de 6 horas de evolución, fiebre mayor a 72 horas de evolución, dificultad respiratoria con más de 12 horas de evolución, síntomas agudos, como dolor abdominal, de más de 24 horas de evolución, síntomas de más de 12 horas de evolución en niños con enfermedades crónicas que determinaron descompensación e ingreso. Se incluyeron 27 centros. Se registraron un total de 34.260 consultas en urgencia, se incluyeron 189 niños para el estudio. El promedio de edad fue de 6 años; 17 pacientes requirieron ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Predominó la apendicitis entre los diagnósticos al alta. Esta investigación puso en evidencia la existencia de consultas tardías en nuestro país. Esto contribuye a ponderar el impacto negativo de la pandemia en la población pediátrica.

Summary: In December 2019, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan. In Uruguay, since March 16, teaching, sports and public entertainment activities were suspended. Several countries reported a marked decrease in emergency room visits. Some children presented occasional illnesses or decompensations from chronic illnesses, consulting late with the risk that this implies. The objective of the work is to make a description of late consultations during the pandemic. A multicenter and descriptive study was carried out between March 13 and July 29, 2020. "Late consultation" was defined as admissions for: Acute injuries with more than 6 hours of evolution, fever greater than 72 hours of evolution, difficulty respiratory disease with more than 12 hours of evolution, acute symptoms such as abdominal pain of more than 24 hours of evolution, symptoms of more than 12 hours of evolution in children with chronic diseases that determined decompensation and admission. 27 centers were included. A total of 34260 emergency consultations were registered, 189 children were included for the study. The average age was 6 years. 17 patients required admission to the ICU. Appendicitis predominated among the diagnoses at discharge. This research revealed the existence of late consultations in our country. This helps to weigh the negative impact of the pandemic on the pediatric population.

Em dezembro de 2019, em Wuhan, foram detectados os primeiros casos de SARS-CoV-2. No Uruguai, desde 16 de março, as atividades de ensino, esporte e entretenimento público foram suspensas. Vários países relataram uma diminuição acentuada nas visitas ao pronto-socorro. Algumas crianças apresentavam doenças ocasionais ou descompensações de doenças crônicas, consultando tardiamente os riscos que isso implica. O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma descrição das consultas tardias durante a pandemia. Um estudo multicêntrico e descritivo foi realizado entre 13 de março e 29 de julho de 2020. Consulta tardia foi definida como internações por: Lesões agudas com mais de 6 horas de evolução, febre maior que 72 horas de evolução, dificuldade respiratória com mais de 12 horas de evolução, sintomas agudos como dor abdominal com mais de 24 horas de evolução, sintomas com mais de 12 horas de evolução em crianças com doenças crônicas que determinaram descompensação e internação. 26 centros foram incluídos. Um total de 34.260 consultas de emergência foram registradas, 189 crianças foram incluídas no estudo. A idade média era de 6 anos. 17 pacientes necessitaram de internação na UTI. Apendicite predominou entre os diagnósticos na alta. Esta pesquisa revelou a existência de consultas tardias em nosso país. Isso ajuda a pesar o impacto negativo da pandemia na população pediátrica.

Inhibitory effect of Pyr6 (an Orai channel blocker) on agonist-induced contractions in rat uterus.

AIM: Both human and rat myometrium express stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai/transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, which are components of plasma membrane Ca2+ store-operated channels. There are reports that these proteins mediate agonist-induced Ca2+ influx in cultured myometrial cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Pyr6, an Orai channel blocker, on different agonist-induced contractions in isolated segments of rat uterus. MAIN FINDINGS: In Ca2+ -free Tyrode's solution, Pyr6 (3 µM) promoted a reduction in both the magnitude and frequency of Ca2+ (1 mM)-induced uterine contractions after the addition of carbachol (CCh, 100 µM), but not after the addition of oxytocin (OT, 150 nM). In Ca2+ (0.18 mM)-Tyrode's solution, Pyr6 completely relaxed uterine contractions induced by both CCh and cloprostenol (300 nM), but not those induced by either KCI (40-80 mM) or OT. The addition of Pyr6 abolished the oscillatory uterine contractions induced by Ca2+ after the addition of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10 µM). When pre-incubated (5 min), Pyr6 reduced the magnitude of both CCh-induced phasic and tonic contractions. The addition of Pyr2 (3 µM), an Orai and TRPC channel blocker, abolished uterine contractions induced by CCh or OT. CONCLUSION: Considering Pyr6 as an Orai channel blocker and its inhibitory effect on uterine contractions induced by CCh, CPA, and cloprostenol, we suggest that Orai channels are required for the maintenance of contractions induced by these agonists in rat uterus.

Endovascular treatment of an asymptomatic hepatic artery aneurism: case report.

We report a case of an asymptomatic, 77-year-old, male patient with arterial hypertension and no other comorbidities or risk factors for coronary disease. During a routine abdominal ultrasound examination, he was diagnosed with a hepatic vascular mass with an approximate diameter of 5 cm. Abdominal computed angiotomography was requested, showing an aneurysm of the hepatic artery, with maximum diameter of up to 5.2 cm, longest longitudinal axis of 7.2 cm, and a maximum true lumen caliber of 3.0 cm. We opted for endovascular aneurysm repair with implantation of three sequential Lifestream covered vascular stents (7x58mm, 8x58mm, and 8x37mm), successfully diverting the flow through the stents and excluding the aneurysm. The patient remains asymptomatic and free from clinical complications 2 years after the procedure. Control examinations with arterial duplex ultrasound 6 and 12 months after the procedure showed good flow through the stents with no leakage into the aneurysmal sac.

Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de artéria hepática assintomático: relato de caso / Endovascular treatment of an asymptomatic hepatic artery aneurism: case report

Resumo Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino, 77 anos, portador de hipertensão arterial, sem outras comorbidades ou fatores de risco para coronariopatia. Apresentava-se assintomático e, durante exame de ultrassonografia abdominal de rotina, foi diagnosticada uma massa vascular hepática de, aproximadamente, 5 cm de diâmetro. Foi solicitada angiotomografia computadorizada abdominal, que evidenciou aneurisma de artéria hepática de até 5,2 cm de calibre máximo, 7,2 cm de extensão no maior eixo longitudinal e calibre máximo da luz verdadeira de 3,0 cm. Optou-se por realização de correção endovascular do aneurisma com implante de três endopróteses vasculares revestidas Lifestream 7x58 mm, 8x58 mm e 8x37 mm sequenciais, com sucesso, conseguindo-se direcionamento do fluxo pelas próteses, levando à exclusão do aneurisma. O paciente evoluiu assintomático, mesmo 2 anos após o implante, sem intercorrências clínicas. Controle com dúplex arterial, realizados 6 e 12 meses após o procedimento, evidenciaram bom fluxo pelas endopróteses, sem "leak" para o saco aneurismático.

Abstract We report a case of an asymptomatic, 77-year-old, male patient with arterial hypertension and no other comorbidities or risk factors for coronary disease. During a routine abdominal ultrasound examination, he was diagnosed with a hepatic vascular mass with an approximate diameter of 5 cm. Abdominal computed angiotomography was requested, showing an aneurysm of the hepatic artery, with maximum diameter of up to 5.2 cm, longest longitudinal axis of 7.2 cm, and a maximum true lumen caliber of 3.0 cm. We opted for endovascular aneurysm repair with implantation of three sequential Lifestream covered vascular stents (7x58mm, 8x58mm, and 8x37mm), successfully diverting the flow through the stents and excluding the aneurysm. The patient remains asymptomatic and free from clinical complications 2 years after the procedure. Control examinations with arterial duplex ultrasound 6 and 12 months after the procedure showed good flow through the stents with no leakage into the aneurysmal sac.

Analysis of notifications of intimate partner violence against women, Brazil, 2011-2017. / Análise das notificações de violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres, Brasil, 2011-2017.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze notifications of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on IPV against women (≥ 15 years old) registered in Brazilian Notification Disease Information System (Sinan) from 2011 to 2017, analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2) and Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate proportion ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A total 454,984 cases of violence perpetrated by men against women were reported, of which 62.4% were IPV. The most reported types of violence were physical (86.6%), psychological (53.1%) and sexual (4.8%) abuse. IPV was positively associated with women aged 20-39 years (PR = 1.70; 95%CI 1.68; 1.71), pregnant women (PR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.06; 1.08), marital partnership (PR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.54; 1.56), occurrence at home (PR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.79; 1.81), recurrence of violence (PR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.76; 1.78) and alcohol intake by the aggressor (PR = 1.12; 95%CI 1.12; 1.13). Physical violence was associated with the 20-39 age group (PR = 1.03; 95%CI 1.02; 1.03). Psychological violence predominated among women ≥ 40 years old (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.31; 1.35). Sexual violence was reported in greater proportion among pregnant women (PR = 2.71; 95%CI 2.59; 2.83) and women with disabilities or disorder (PR = 2.30; 95%CI 2.17; 2.44). CONCLUSION: Most reports of violence against women recorded in health services were perpetrated by an intimate partner, especially physical, psychological and sexual violence. It was possible to identify factors associated with IPV such as age, education, pregnancy, occurrence at home, recurrence and alcohol consumption by the aggressor.

Análise das notificações de violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres, Brasil, 2011-2017 / Analysis of notifications of intimate partner violence against women, Brazil, 2011-2017

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar as notificações de violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) contra mulheres. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de notificação compulsória de VPI contra mulheres (≥ 15 anos de idade) registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) no período de 2011 a 2017, analisados por meio do teste χ2 e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar razões de proporção (RP) e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados : Foram notificados 454.984 casos de violência perpetrados por homens contra mulheres, dos quais 62,4% eram VPI. Os tipos de violência mais relatados foram os abusos físicos (86,6%), psicológicos (53,1%) e sexuais (4,8%). VPI esteve associada, positivamente, às mulheres de 20-39 anos de idade (RP = 1,70; IC95% 1,68; 1,71), gestantes (RP = 1,07; IC95% 1,06; 1,08), parceria conjugal (RP = 1,55; IC95% 1,54; 1,56), ocorrência no domicílio (RP = 1,80; IC95% 1,79; 1,81), reincidência da violência (RP = 1,77; IC95% 1,76; 1,78) e ingestão alcoólica pelo agressor (RP = 1,12; IC95% 1,12; 1,13). Violência física associou-se ao grupo de 20-39 aos de idade (RP = 1,03; IC95% 1,02; 1,03). Violência psicológica predominou entre mulheres com ≥ 40 anos de idade (RP = 1,33; IC95% 1,31; 1,35). Violência sexual foi relatada em maior proporção entre gestantes (RP = 2,71; IC95% 2,59; 2,83) e mulheres com deficiência ou transtorno (RP = 2,30; IC95% 2,17; 2,44). Conclusão: A maioria das notificações de violência contra a mulher registradas nos serviços de saúde foi perpetrada por parceiro íntimo, com destaque para a violência física, psicológica e sexual. Foi possível identificar fatores associados à VPI como idade, escolaridade, gestação, ocorrência no domicílio, reincidência e ingestão de bebida alcoólica pelo agressor.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze notifications of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Methods: Cross-sectional study on IPV against women (≥ 15 years old) registered in Brazilian Notification Disease Information System (Sinan) from 2011 to 2017, analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2) and Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate proportion ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A total 454,984 cases of violence perpetrated by men against women were reported, of which 62.4% were IPV. The most reported types of violence were physical (86.6%), psychological (53.1%) and sexual (4.8%) abuse. IPV was positively associated with women aged 20-39 years (PR = 1.70; 95%CI 1.68; 1.71), pregnant women (PR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.06; 1.08), marital partnership (PR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.54; 1.56), occurrence at home (PR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.79; 1.81), recurrence of violence (PR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.76; 1.78) and alcohol intake by the aggressor (PR = 1.12; 95%CI 1.12; 1.13). Physical violence was associated with the 20-39 age group (PR = 1.03; 95%CI 1.02; 1.03). Psychological violence predominated among women ≥ 40 years old (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.31; 1.35). Sexual violence was reported in greater proportion among pregnant women (PR = 2.71; 95%CI 2.59; 2.83) and women with disabilities or disorder (PR = 2.30; 95%CI 2.17; 2.44). Conclusion: Most reports of violence against women recorded in health services were perpetrated by an intimate partner, especially physical, psychological and sexual violence. It was possible to identify factors associated with IPV such as age, education, pregnancy, occurrence at home, recurrence and alcohol consumption by the aggressor.

Clinical aspects of congenital microcephaly syndrome by Zika virus in a rehabilitation center for patients with microcephaly.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we intend to identify the prevalence of clinical variables in children with microcephaly. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and observational study with data collected from medical records of patients admitted to the microcephaly outpatient clinic of a referral center in Teresina-PI. Demographic (gender and age) and clinical data (presence of epilepsy, dysphagia, irritability, and associated comorbidities) were collected. The frequency of Zika virus as a probable etiology was determined from computed tomography patterns and the exclusion of other etiologies by serological tests. RESULTS: A total of 67 patient records were evaluated, of which 31 were male and 36 were female, with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months. The most prevalent clinical variables were epilepsy, present in 47 children (70.2%), and irritability in 37 (55.2%). Also with a high frequency, 22 had dysphagia (32.8%), and 13 had musculoskeletal comorbidities (19.4%). Only three patients in the sample had cardiac abnormalities (4.5%), and no endocrine comorbidity was found. A total of 38 children in the sample (56.7%) presented ZIKV as a probable etiology and, in these cases, there was a higher frequency of epilepsy and dysphagia compared to other etiologies, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Epilepsy, irritability, dysphagia, and musculoskeletal comorbidities were the most frequent clinical variables in children with microcephaly. There was a high prevalence of congenital ZIKV microcephaly syndrome in this sample.

Clinical aspects of congenital microcephaly syndrome by Zika virus in a rehabilitation center for patients with microcephaly

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE In this study, we intend to identify the prevalence of clinical variables in children with microcephaly. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and observational study with data collected from medical records of patients admitted to the microcephaly outpatient clinic of a referral center in Teresina-PI. Demographic (gender and age) and clinical data (presence of epilepsy, dysphagia, irritability, and associated comorbidities) were collected. The frequency of Zika virus as a probable etiology was determined from computed tomography patterns and the exclusion of other etiologies by serological tests. RESULTS A total of 67 patient records were evaluated, of which 31 were male and 36 were female, with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months. The most prevalent clinical variables were epilepsy, present in 47 children (70.2%), and irritability in 37 (55.2%). Also with a high frequency, 22 had dysphagia (32.8%), and 13 had musculoskeletal comorbidities (19.4%). Only three patients in the sample had cardiac abnormalities (4.5%), and no endocrine comorbidity was found. A total of 38 children in the sample (56.7%) presented ZIKV as a probable etiology and, in these cases, there was a higher frequency of epilepsy and dysphagia compared to other etiologies, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Epilepsy, irritability, dysphagia, and musculoskeletal comorbidities were the most frequent clinical variables in children with microcephaly. There was a high prevalence of congenital ZIKV microcephaly syndrome in this sample.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Pretende-se, neste estudo, identificar a prevalência de variáveis clínicas em crianças com microcefalia. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo transversal e observacional com dados coletados de prontuários de pacientes admitidos no ambulatório de microcefalia de um centro de referência em Teresina (PI). Foram coletados dados demográficos (gênero Ve idade) e clínicos (presença de epilepsia, disfagia, irritabilidade e comorbidades associadas). A frequência de Zika vírus como provável etiologia foi determinada a partir de padrões da tomografia computadorizada e da exclusão de outras etiologias por exames sorológicos. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 67 prontuários de pacientes, sendo 31 do sexo masculino e 36 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 1 ano e 10 meses. As variáveis clínicas mais prevalentes foram epilepsia, presente em 47 das crianças (70,2%), e irritabilidade, em 37 (55,2%). Também com elevada frequência, 22 possuíam quadro de disfagia (32,8%) e 13 apresentavam comorbidades osteomusculares (19,4%). Apenas três pacientes da amostra tinham quadro de alterações cardiológicas (4,5%) e nenhuma comorbidade endocrinológica foi encontrada. Trinta e oito crianças da amostra (56,7%) apresentaram ZIKV como provável etiologia e, nesses casos, houve maior frequência de epilepsia e disfagia em comparação com outras etiologias, embora não de forma significativa estatisticamente. CONCLUSÕES Epilepsia, irritabilidade, disfagia e comorbidades osteomusculares foram as variáveis clínicas mais frequentes em crianças com microcefalia. Houve uma prevalência alta de síndrome de microcefalia congênita por ZIKV nessa amostra.

Osteólisis multicéntrica no hereditaria con nefropatía: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / No hereditary multicentric osteolysis with nephropathy: report of a case and review of the literature

La osteólisis idiopática multicéntrica (OIM) se caracteriza por el compromiso de carpos y de tarsos, con inflamación y dolor; se inicia en la infancia y se autolimita en la 2a o 3a década de la vida. Según Hardegger, se describen tipos hereditarios dominantes (tipo I) o recesivos asociados a osteoporosis (tipo II), OIM esporádicas con compromiso renal (tipo III) u osteólisis masiva monocéntrica (tipo IV). El tipo V se caracteriza por clínica similar al tipo II asociada a lesiones oculares o dermatológicas y talla baja. En esta oportunidad se presenta el caso clínico de una OIM tipo III. Consulta un varón de 50 años con antecedentes de dolor, tumefacción y deformidad en ambos carpos y tarsos y compromiso funcional de inicio en la infancia. A los 34 años presenta proteinuria, edemas e hipertensión arterial, desarrolla insuficiencia renal crónica (ICR). Se realizó trasplante renal. Sin antecedentes familiares de OIM. Se comprueba: disminución en la función de ambas manos, limitación en la extensión de muñeca y deformidad en los dedos, y distrofia muscular de antebrazos y piernas. Camina con dificultad. En las radiografías se observa ausencia de huesos del carpo y tarso, osteólisis en algunas falanges. Se indica tratamiento con bifosfonatos, vitamina D y rehabilitación. El paciente presenta OIM asociada a IRC e hipertensión arterial. Por carecer de antecedentes familiares se la considera OIM del tipo III. La OIM es una enfermedad infrecuente; el diagnóstico oportuno evita tratamientos innecesarios y permite tratar la enfermedad renal y la hipertensión en estadios más tempranos.

Idiopathic Multicentric Osteolysis (IMO) is a rare disease characterizedby osteolysis of carpus and tarsus, with inflammation and painwith onset in childhood and arrest y the second or third decade. It isclassified by Hardegger in 5 Types, 1: Hereditary IMO with dominanttransmission. 2: Hereditary IMO with recessive transmission. 3: NonHereditary IMO, associated with nephropathy and hypertension. 4:Gorham´s Syndrome: massive osteolysis and replacement of bone bylymphatic or blood vessel tissue. 5: Winchester Syndrome: IMO withshort stature, contractures, thick skin, corneal opacities and osteoporosis.A 50 year old male with a history of pain, swelling and deformityin both wrists and tarsi evolving from age 4, attends the consultation.He has functional involvement of hands and feet. At age 34, he hadreferred the presence of proteinuria, edema and hypertension, anddeveloped chronic renal falilure (CRF). Dialysis and renal transplantationwere indicated. No family history of IMO. Findings: Reducedfunction of boths hands, limited range of wrist and finger deformity,muscular forearms and legs dystrophy. He walked with difficulty. It isobserved on radiographs, absence of carpal and tarsal bones, phalangescommitment. Physiotherapy rehabilitation and treatment withbisphosphonates and vitamin D was indicated. A patient with IMO associatedwith CRF and hypertension was presented. He has absenceof family history. It is considered Type III IMO. The IMO is a rare diseases,early diagnosis prevents unnecessary treatment and can treatkidney disease and hypertension at an earlier stage.