Subject(s)
Aortic Diseases/complications , Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chest Pain/etiology , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Coronary Angiography/methods , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Acute Disease , Aged , Aorta/diagnostic imaging , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , SyndromeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer results in the highest number of cancer deaths worldwide. The segmentation of lung nodules is an important task in computer systems to help physicians differentiate malignant lesions from benign lesions. However, it has already been observed that this may be a difficult task, especially when nodules are connected to an anatomical structure. METHODS: This paper proposes a method to estimate the background of the nodule area and how this estimation is used to facilitate the segmentation task. RESULTS: Our experiments indicate more than 99% of accuracy with less than 1% of false positive rate (FPR). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methods achieved better results than a state-of-the-art approach, indicating potential to be used in medical image processing systems.
ABSTRACT
Starting with commercial reagents, bicyclic 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids [b-3C-tr][NTf(2)] (1) and [b-4C-tr][NTf(2)] (2) were synthesized in four steps with high overall isolated yields of 68% and 76%, respectively. Since the C-5 hydrogen is acidic, under basic condition ionic liquids 1 and 2 were readily methylated with methyl iodide to afford chemically stable ionic liquids 7 and 8 at room temperature (88% and 82%, respectively). Ionic liquid 1 was used as the ionic solvent to demonstrate its usefulness for the synthesis of rutaecarpine, a natural product.
