[Effects of eye exercises on axial eye elongation in junior students].

Objective: To evaluate the association between the eye exercises and one-year axial eye elongation in grade 7 students in Beijing. Methods: Sampling was performed using a multistage random cluster approach, and 1 443 students of grade 7 were selected from 9 middle schools in 6 districts for the baseline survey. Data were collected by questionnaires and axial length measurement. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between eye exercises and excessive axial eye elongation. Results: Among 1 197 (82.95%) students with complete information, the median (QR) age was 12.00 (1.00) years old, girls accounted for 44.28%, and the median (QR) axial eye elongation was 0.22 (0.18) mm. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the frequency of eye exercises was significantly correlated with excessive axial eye elongation in boys (ß=-0.135, 95%CI:-0.253--0.018) but not in girls (ß=-0.075, 95%CI:-0.207- 0.058) after adjusting for sex, age, body height, the number of myopic parents, time spent outdoors and time spent on reading and writing outside class; while the seriousness of eye exercises was not significantly associated with axial eye elongation in boys (ß=-0.028, 95%CI: -0.114-0.058) and girls (ß=-0.035, 95%CI: -0.134-0.064). Conclusion: The increased frequency of eye exercises is beneficial to control the axial eye elongation in boys in Beijing.

[Nursing care of one patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders complicated with pressure ulcers].

On February 11, 2019, a 37-year-old female patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and her acute osteomyelitis was caused by infection of multiple pressure ulcer wounds with Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was diagnosed and treated with multidisciplinary cooperation. The nurses focused on the strict observation of the syndrome of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders during hormone reduction therapy, guarded against the rebound of condition, implemented wound care in stages according to the diagnosis and treatment plan, maintained effective drainage, ensured appropriate negative pressure, and strengthened nutrition to promote wound healing. After active treatment and careful nursing care, the patient recovered and was discharged on the 39th day after admission.

Significance of IL28RA in diagnosis of early pancreatic cancer and its regulation to pancreatic cancer cells by JAK/STAT signaling pathway - effects of IL28RA on pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of IL28RA in diagnosis of early pancreatic cancer and its regulation to pancreatic cancer cells by the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 81 patients with early pancreatic cancer were enrolled as a pancreatic cancer group, and 81 patients with benign pancreatic diseases were enrolled as a benign disease group. Western blot was adopted to analyze the serum IL28RA expression of the two groups and its diagnostic value in early pancreatic cancer. A pancreatic cancer cell model was constructed, and the IL28RA expression in pancreatic cancer cells, PANC-1 and BXPC-3, was up-regulated to explore the biological function of pancreatic cancer cells after up-regulation of IL28RA and the effects on JAK-STAT signaling pathway. RESULTS: Lowly expressed in serum of patients with pancreatic cancer, IL28RA showed a sensitivity of 80.25%, specificity of 75.31%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846 in diagnosis of early pancreatic cancer. It was found that up-regulation of IL28RA expression in pancreatic cancer cells inhibited proliferation and invasion abilities of pancreatic cancer cells, increased apoptosis rate and expression of pro-apoptotic protein bax, decreased expression of anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2, and significantly inhibited phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. CONCLUSIONS: IL28RA is lowly expressed in pancreatic cancer patients, and has certain diagnostic value for early pancreatic cancer. Its up-regulated expression can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, and promote their apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Characterisation of fibronectin-mediated FAK signalling pathways in lung cancer cell migration and invasion.

BACKGROUND: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, such as breast, colon, prostate, ovary, and lung cancers. However, the mechanism by which extracellular matrix fibronectin stimulates lung cancer cell migration and invasion through FAK remains to be investigated. METHODS: The signalling pathways in fibronectin-mediated lung cancer cell migration and invasion were examined using western blotting. The metastasis function was detected by wound healing, migration and invasion assays. Further, RNA interference and kinase inhibitors were also used to study the downstream signals. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the FAK signalling pathways in relation to calpain-2 and RhoA in fibronectin-mediated lung cancer cell migration and invasion. We found that A549 lung epithelial cells stimulated by fibronectin showed increased phosphorylation of FAK and its downstream targets, Src, ERK1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Consistent with this observation, depletion of FAK by siRNA resulted in the inhibition of Src, ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt activity. In addition, the Src inhibitor, PP2, blocked the phosphorylation of FAK, ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt. Conversely, inhibition of MEK1/2 using PD98059 reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and calpain-2. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, further blocked the expression of MMP9 and RhoA. Inhibition of both MEK1/2 and PI3K caused reduced cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that fibronectin-mediated activation of FAK that leads to lung cancer metastasis could occur through ERK or PI3K/Akt regulation of MMP9/calpain-2 or MMP9/RhoA activity, respectively.