The prevalence and its associated factors of psychological stress among middle school students in China: pooled evidence from a systematic scoping review.

Psychological issues are of significant concern in present-day society, as poor mental well-being results in depression and suicidal behavior. Understanding the current situation of psychological stress among secondary school students will help policy makers to formulate targeted measures to help them cope with stress, and at the same time evaluate the effectiveness of the existing policies to address the shortcomings and enhance the diversification of interventions. The main purpose of this review was to map the existing evidence on the prevalence and levels of psychological stress among adolescents in China, and to identify the associated risk factors. This review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was performed spanning Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies involving only humans and full text in English were selected. Selection was limited to samples from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Variables were extracted, exploring the factors that affected the mental wellness of Chinese middle school students. A final 15 articles and 1 report were included. The findings revealed psychological stress is prevalent among Chinese middle school population, with the degree of prevalence from low to severe stress levels. Three dimensions of psychological stress affecting Chinese secondary school students: school, family and lifestyle. Within the school, the factors included academic stress, peer relationships etc. Family-related factors were comprised of parent-child relationship, parents' mental health status etc. Lastly, lifestyle-related factors included poor diet, sedentary and inactivity etc. Our findings suggest that policy makers should reduce the excessive emphasis on examination results and focus on the all-round development of students, and that schools should organize a variety of extra-curricular activities to reduce students' stress. Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere to minimize conflicts and maintain close communication with teachers. Systematic Review Registration: OSF; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HEFCP.

Effect of NiO Addition on the Sintering and Electrochemical Properties of BaCe0.55Zr0.35Y0.1O3-δ Proton-Conducting Ceramic Electrolyte.

Proton ceramic fuel cells offer numerous advantages compared with conventional fuel cells. However, the practical implementation of these cells is hindered by the poor sintering activity of the electrolyte. Despite extensive research efforts to improve the sintering activity of BCZY, the systematic exploration of the utilization of NiO as a sintering additive remains insufficient. In this study, we developed a novel BaCe0.55Zr0.35Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY) electrolyte and systematically investigated the impact of adding different amounts of NiO on the sintering activity and electrochemical performance of BCZY. XRD results demonstrate that pure-phase BCZY can be obtained by sintering the material synthesized via solid-state reaction at 1400 °C for 10 h. SEM analysis revealed that the addition of NiO has positive effects on the densification and grain growth of BCZY, while significantly reducing the sintering temperature required for densification. Nearly fully densified BCZY ceramics can be obtained by adding 0.5 wt.% NiO and annealing at 1350 °C for 5 h. The addition of NiO exhibits positive effects on the densification and grain growth of BCZY, significantly reducing the sintering temperature required for densification. An anode-supported full cell using BCZY with 0.5 wt.% NiO as the electrolyte reveals a maximum power density of 690 mW cm-2 and an ohmic resistance of 0.189 Ω cm2 at 650 °C. Within 100 h of long-term testing, the recorded current density remained relatively stable, demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance.

Study on after-effect of electroacupuncture with different time intervals on corticospinal excitability in primary motor cortex / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with different time intervals on corticospinal excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the upper limb motor function in healthy subjects and observe the after-effect rule of acupuncture.@*METHODS@#Self-comparison before and after intervention design was adopted. Fifteen healthy subjects were included and all of them received three stages of trial observation, namely EA0 group (received one session of EA), EA6h group (received two sessions of EA within 1 day, with an interval of 6 h) and EA48h group (received two sessions of EA within 3 days, with an interval of 48 h). The washout period among stages was 1 week. In each group, the needles were inserted perpendicularly at Hegu (LI 4) on the left side, 23 mm in depth and at a non-acupoint, 0.5 cm nearby to the left side of Hegu (LI 4), separately. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS-200A) was attached to these two needles, with continuous wave and the frequency of 2 Hz. The stimulation intensity was exerted higher than the exercise threshold (local muscle twitching was visible, and pain was tolerable by healthy subjects, 1-2 mA ). The needles were retained for 30 min. Using the single pulse mode of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, before the first session of EA (T0) and at the moment (T1), in 2 h (T2) and 24 h (T3) after the end of the last session of EA, on the left first dorsal interosseous muscle, the amplitude, latency (LAT), resting motor threshold (rMT) of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the completion time of grooved pegboard test (GPT) were detected. Besides, in the EA6h group, TMS was adopted to detect the excitability of M1 (amplitude, LAT and rMT of MEPs) before the last session of EA (T0*).@*RESULTS@#The amplitude of MEPs at T1 and T2 in the EA0 group, at T0* in the EA6h group and at T1, T2 and T3 in the EA48h group was higher when compared with the value at T0 in each group separately (P<0.001). At T1, the amplitude of MEPs in the EA0 group and the EA48h group was higher than that in the EA6h group (P<0.001, P<0.01); at T2, it was higher in the EA0 group when compared with that in the EA6h group (P<0.01); at T3, the amplitude in the EA0 group and the EA6h group was lower than that of the EA48h group (P<0.001). The LAT at T1 was shorter than that at T0 in the three groups (P<0.05), and the changes were not obvious at the rest time points compared with that at T0 (P > 0.05). The GPT completion time of healthy subjects in the EA0 group and the EA48h group at T1, T2 and T3 was reduced in comparison with that at T0 (P<0.001). The completion time at T3 was shorter than that at T0 in the EA6h group (P<0.05); at T2, it was reduced in the EA48h group when compared with that of the EA6h group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in rMT among the three groups and within each group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under physiological conditions, EA has obvious after-effect on corticospinal excitability and upper limb motor function. The short-term interval protocol (6 h) blocks the after-effect of EA to a certain extent, while the long-term interval protocol (48 h) prolongs the after-effect of EA.

Impact of Bi content on the accuracy of oxygen concentration measurements in liquid Pb-Bi alloys.

Accurate measurements of the oxygen concentration in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloys are essential for ensuring optimum cooling conditions in heavy liquid metal coolant fast reactors. However, while unavoidable variations in the Bi contents of these alloys can affect the accuracy of these measurements, this issue has not yet been rigorously evaluated. The present work addresses this issue by evaluating variations in oxygen concentration measurements obtained experimentally for oxygen-saturated liquid LBE alloys with different Bi contents at different temperatures using a solid electrolyte oxygen sensor. Theoretical relationships are established between sensor voltage, oxygen concentration, temperature, and Bi content under the applied experimental conditions, and excellent agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical results. The theoretical relationships establish that the voltage decreases by about 1 mV for every 1 wt% increase in Bi content at a temperature of 400 °C. At a fixed voltage, with the increase of T, the influence of the Bi content on the C O calculation results gradually increased. Finally, the impact of varying Bi contents on the accuracy of oxygen concentration measurements is evaluated under practical reactor operation conditions, and higher requirements for the control of dissolved oxygen in LBE-cooled fast reactors are proposed.

Investigation of a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district of Shanghai in 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district of Shanghai， and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of cluster epidemic of COVID-19. MethodsField epidemiological survey was applied to study the cases and close contacts of a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district of Shanghai in 2021. Descriptive analysis of epidemiological survey data was conducted and real-time fluorescent quantification （RT-PCR） was used to detect new coronavirus nucleic acid for the collected specimens. ResultsCase A was the source of infection in the home aggregated epidemic. There were 2 second-generation cases infected in the whole incubation period. Case B and C were transmitted by case A through eating together. The PCR test results were negative both in the close contacts outside the family of primary contacts as well as in the close contacts to primary close contacts. ConclusionCOVID-19 is highly contagious and populations are generally susceptible. It is easy to cause family aggregated epidemic situation. Asymptomatic infection should be detected early and isolated. We should strengthen the tracking and management of close contacts of COVID-19 cases， and identify the second-generation cases as soon as possible.

Relationship between snoring and hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents in Yangpu District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between snoring and hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents in Yangpu District， Shanghai. MethodsThe data of this study were obtained from the project of “early screening and comprehensive intervention for high-risk of cardiovascular diseases” carried out by the National Cardiovascular Disease Center in Yangpu District in 2017. Questionnaire survey， physical examination and laboratory test were conducted among permanent residents aged 35‒75 years. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of sleep snoring on hypertension. ResultsA total of 11 100 people with complete data were included in the analysis， The self-reported snoring rate of male was significantly higher than female （48.12% vs 36.21%， χ2=137.70， P<0.01）. The proportion of self-reported occasional snoring， frequent snoring and daily snoring were 14.67%（1 628/11 100）， 7.59%（843/11 100） and 17.50% （1 943/11 100）， respectively， and the prevalence of hypertension gradually increased with the increase of snoring frequency （≤60 years，male： χtrend2=51.83，P<0.01；female： χtrend2=95.01， P<0.01； >60 years， male： χtrend2=9.22， P<0.01； female： χtrend2=27.10， P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in people aged ≤60 years， both men and women， snoring frequency was significantly associated with hypertension after adjusting for education， total family income， smoking， alcohol consumption， diabetes， body mass index （BMI） and waist circumference. In the males： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.95 （1.36，2.80）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.55 （1.04，2.31）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.92 （1.43，2.59）. In the females： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.31 （1.08，1.59）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.41 （1.07，1.88）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.63 （1.32，2.00）. But in people aged >60 years， the significant association between snoring frequencies and hypertension did not exist， after adjusting for education， total family income， smoking， alcohol consumption， diabetes， BMI and waist circumference. In the males： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.31 （0.97，1.78）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.22 （0.87，1.73）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.19 （0.94，1.73）. In the females： occasional snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.06 （0.87，1.29）， frequent snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.30 （0.99，1.72）， daily snoring OR （95%CI） was 1.19 （0.97，1.46）. ConclusionIn people ≤60 years old， snoring is significantly associated with hypertension， so more attention should be paid to sleep snoring monitoring in middle-aged people for early detection of hypertension.

Estimation of economic burden of bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis in Shandong Province based on compensation for abnormal reaction to vaccination / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the economic burden of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) lymphadenitis in Shandong Province. Methods: From May 2011 to December 2019, 304 patients applying for the province-level compensation of BCG lymphadenitis was selected from Shandong Province in this study. The basic situation, vaccination, outpatient (inpatient) records, cost and relevant information of those patients were collected to calculate the direct economic burden (including direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs), indirect economic burden and total economic burden. Comparison of the difference of economic burden of cases with different characteristics was taken. Results: The M(Q1,Q3) of age of BCG lymphadenitis patients was 3 (2, 4) months, among which 239 cases (78.6%) were male, 71 cases (23.4%) had lymphadenopathy, and 227 cases (74.7%) underwent surgery.The number of outpatient only, inpatient only and outpatient then inpatient was 25.7% (78 cases), 7.2% (22 cases) and 67.1% (204 cases), respectively. The M(Q1,Q3) of direct, indirect and total economic burden of single case after discount was 9 910 (5 713, 16 074), 2 081 (1 547, 3 122) and 12 262 (7 694, 18 571) yuan, respectively.The direct medical expenses accounted for 89.4% of the direct economic burden, the direct economic burden accounted for 84.9% of the total economic burden, the total economic burden of 80.0% cases accounted for only about 20.0% of the compensation amount, and the total economic burden of only 2.3% cases accounted for more than 60.0% of the compensation amount.The direct, indirect and total economic burden of patients with inpatient only and outpatient then inpatient was higher than that of patients with outpatient only; the direct, indirect and total economic burden of patients with operation was higher than that of patients with non-operation; the direct and total economic burden of patients with unulcerated lymph node was higher than that of patients with ulcerated lymph node(all P values<0.05). Conclusion: The economic burden of BCG lymphadenitis cases in Shandong Province is influenced by the mode of diagnosis and treatment, with direct medical expenses as the predominant component.

Epidemic characteristics of local cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Yangpu District of Shanghai， China / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemic characteristics of local cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Yangpu District of Shanghai， China， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease-19 （COVID-19）. Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the epidemic data of all the patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Yangpu District of Shanghai， China. Results:A total of 9 local cases （7 males and 2 females） were documented in Yangpu District from January 30， 2020 to February 29， 2020. The average age was （48.56±13.85） years old. According to the body mass index， the patients with overweight and obesity accounted for 44.44% of the total cases. All the patients had fever at the onset and radiological findings of pneumonia by CT examination. They were diagnosed during January 24 and February 8， 2020. The median incubation period of the COVID-19 was 9 days and the median course was 22 days. Six cases had travel history in the epidemic areas and the other 3 cases had history of contact with confirmed cases. There were two familial clusters， both of which were husband-wife relationships. One cluster had a clear temporal sequence of onset， while the other one might be co-exposed or mutually infected. No new local case infected with SARS-CoV-2 was evident since February 8， 2020. Conclusion:All the local COVID-19 cases in Yangpu District have clear epidemiological exposure history. It warrants further attention to the family clustering SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Currently， containment of imported cases is crucial for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.

Epidemiological status and survival rate of liver cancer in Yangpu District of Shanghai， 2002-2016 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the prevalence trend and survival of liver cancer in Yangpu District， Shanghai， from 2002 to 2016. Methods:Data on liver cancer incidence and mortality from 2002 to 2016 were collected from the Shanghai cancer registry system for the registered population in Yangpu District and the number of the registered population published by the public security department. The standardized liver cancer incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the world standard population to analyze the trends of the liver cancer incidence and mortality， in general， by gender and by age. Life table method was used to calculate the survival rate， and log-rank test was used to analyze the difference of 5-year survival rates and the period of diagnosis between patients with liver cancer by gender. Results:The overall incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a decreasing trend from 2002 to 2016. After removing the influence of community aging， the standardized annual percentage change （APC） of morbidity and mortality was -3.10% （P<0.01） and -3.44% （P<0.01）， respectively. The morbidity and mortality of males were significantly higher than that of females （P<0.01） by Z test. The incidence of liver cancer started to rise obviously from 40 years old， and the death rate raised obviously from 50 years old. 4 007 liver cancer patients were followed up for 5 years. The 5 years observed survival rate was 12.45%， and the median survival time was 281.48 days. The 5-year survival rate of male liver cancer patients was higher than that of female patients， and there was a significant difference（P<0.01）.46.58% of liver cancer patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage， and only 13.46% was diagnosed at the early-stage. There was no statistical difference in the proportion between men and women at different stages （P=0.11）. Conclusion:The overall incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer from 2002 to 2016 show a slowly decreasing trend， with higher incidence and mortality rates in men than in women. Middle-aged and elderly people are still the main population of morbidity and death. The five-year survival rate is low， and the diagnostic periods are mostly in the middle and late stages of cancer.

Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell for Efficient Separation of Hydrogen.

Advancement of a hydrogen economy requires establishment of a whole supply chain including hydrogen production, purification, storage, utilization, and recovery. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to selectively purify hydrogen out of H2-containing streams, especially at low concentrations. Herein, a novel protonic ceramic electrochemical cell is reported that can sustainably separate pure H2 out of H2-diluted streams over the temperature regime of 350-500 °C by mildly controlling the electric voltage. With the Faraday's efficiency above 96%, the measured H2 separation rate at 0.51 V and 500 °C is 3.3 mL cm-2 min-1 out of 10% H2 - 90% N2, or 2.4 mL cm-2 min-1 out of 10% H2 - 90% CH4 taken as an example of renewable hydrogen blended in the natural gas pipelines. Such high hydrogen separation capability at reduced temperatures is enabled by the nanoporous nickel catalysts and well-bonded electrochemical interfaces as produced from well-controlled in situ slow reduction of nickel oxides. These results demonstrate technical feasibility of onsite purification of hydrogen prior to their practical applications such as fuels for fuel cell electric vehicles.

Relationship between central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors and resident aggregation in Yangpu District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the relationship between central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors and aggregation in Yangpu District, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures and strategies for cardiovascular disease. Methods In the community, residents aged 35 to 75 were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination and blood biochemical test, and a total of 11 321 residents with complete data were analyzed. Results The prevalence of central obesity among adults in Yangpu was 60.50%(standardized rate was 56.09%).The level of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were significantly different in different waist circumference groups(all P < 0.01).With the increase of waist circumference, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factors clustering was increased (all P < 0.01).Multivariable logistic regression results showed that the risk of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors clustering was 1.78 (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.63－1.94) and 3.36 (OR=3.36, 95%CI:3.00-3.75);1.67 (OR=1.67, 95%CI:1.49-1.88) and 2.67 (OR=2.67, 95%CI:2.34-3.03);1.68 (OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.54-1.82) and 2.20 (OR=2.20, 95%CI:1.97-2.44);2.05 (OR=2.04, 95%CI:1.86-2.24) and 3.62 times (OR=3.62 95%CI:3.23-4.04) fold higher in residents with mild and severe central obesity than those without central obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of central obesity among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai is high, and the extent of central obesity is related to cardiovascular diseases risk factors and their aggregation.Therefore, timely intervention measures should be taken to control obesity.

Relationship between central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors and resident aggregation in Yangpu District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the relationship between central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors and aggregation in Yangpu District, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures and strategies for cardiovascular disease. Methods In the community, residents aged 35 to 75 were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination and blood biochemical test, and a total of 11 321 residents with complete data were analyzed. Results The prevalence of central obesity among adults in Yangpu was 60.50%(standardized rate was 56.09%).The level of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were significantly different in different waist circumference groups(all P < 0.01).With the increase of waist circumference, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factors clustering was increased (all P < 0.01).Multivariable logistic regression results showed that the risk of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors clustering was 1.78 (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.63－1.94) and 3.36 (OR=3.36, 95%CI:3.00-3.75);1.67 (OR=1.67, 95%CI:1.49-1.88) and 2.67 (OR=2.67, 95%CI:2.34-3.03);1.68 (OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.54-1.82) and 2.20 (OR=2.20, 95%CI:1.97-2.44);2.05 (OR=2.04, 95%CI:1.86-2.24) and 3.62 times (OR=3.62 95%CI:3.23-4.04) fold higher in residents with mild and severe central obesity than those without central obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of central obesity among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai is high, and the extent of central obesity is related to cardiovascular diseases risk factors and their aggregation.Therefore, timely intervention measures should be taken to control obesity.

Aneurysmal Fibrous Histiocytoma: Clinicopathology Analysis of 30 Cases of a Rare Variant of Cutaneous Fibrohistiocytoma.

Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is often clinically misdiagnosed. In this study, we put forward an insight on how to help diagnose this disease clinically. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients diagnosed with aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma from 2007 to 2017 in the Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, China, and all clinical data were collected from the hospital archives. From a total of 418 patients diagnosed with cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, only 30 patients were confirmed to have aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma out of which only 2 patients were clinically diagnosed with aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma. The remaining 28 patients were diagnosed with various types of vascular tumors although pathology classified them as having aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma. Among the 30 patients, 9 were male and 21 were female. There were following age groups: 13-19 (mean 16, n=4), 20-29 (mean 26.25, n=8), 30-39 (mean 33, n=7), 40-49 (mean 44, n=4), 50-59 (mean 56.75, n=4), 60 and above (mean 61, n=3). Tumors were present on the head, neck, back, waist, hips and upper and lower extremities. After complete excision, there was no recurrence and no complications. Histologically, lesions showed the typical pseudoangiomatoid spaces without endothelial lining and infiltration of fibrohistiocytes in hemosiderotic pigmentation. It was suggested that although the prognosis of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is good, accurate diagnosis is paramount to avoid clinical misdiagnosis and subsequent complications.

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Banned Substances in Pig Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A simple, sensitive and reliable method was developed for simultaneous determination of ten banned drugs residues including zeranols(ZALs),chloroamphenicol,pentachlorophenol,etc. in swine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The urine samples were pretreated using lyophilization and QuEChERS procedures, respectively. Acetonitrile and ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L) were chosen as mobile phases. Target compounds were separated well in ZorbaxSB-C18by following the optimized gradient elution program and determined by LC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization mode. The linearity of the matrix-matched standard curve of ten analytes in two methods was good in the range of the experimental concentration with correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The recoveries of ten drugs were in the range of 80.7%-107.7% and 73.5%-103.3% at the spiked levels of 5,10 and 20 μg/L by lyophilization and QuEChERS methods,respectively. The coefficients of variation were less than 15%. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) from lyophilization and QuEChERS method were 0.1 to 2.0 μg/L and 0.2 to 5.0 μg/L,respectively.

Shape-Dependent Activity of Ceria for Hydrogen Electro-Oxidation in Reduced-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Single crystalline ceria nanooctahedra, nanocubes, and nanorods are hydrothermally synthesized, colloidally impregnated into the porous La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) scaffolds, and electrochemically evaluated as the anode catalysts for reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Well-defined surface terminations are confirmed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy--(111) for nanooctahedra, (100) for nanocubes, and both (110) and (100) for nanorods. Temperature-programmed reduction in H2 shows the highest reducibility for nanorods, followed sequentially by nanocubes and nanooctahedra. Measurements of the anode polarization resistances and the fuel cell power densities reveal different orders of activity of ceria nanocrystals at high and low temperatures for hydrogen electro-oxidation, i.e., nanorods > nanocubes > nanooctahedra at T ≤ 450 °C and nanooctahedra > nanorods > nanocubes at T ≥ 500 °C. Such shape-dependent activities of these ceria nanocrystals have been correlated to their difference in the local structure distortions and thus in the reducibility. These findings will open up a new strategy for design of advanced catalysts for reduced-temperature SOFCs by elaborately engineering the shape of nanocrystals and thus selectively exposing the crystal facets.

Surgical challenges for lateral ventricle meningiomas: A consecutive series of 21 patients / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Lateral ventricular meningiomas (LVMs) are especially rare, and they often remain "silent" until they become very large. Several surgical approaches exist, but the optimal surgical strategy for them remains a challenge. The incidence, clinical features, radiological manifestations, pathological findings, and especially the surgical strategy in 21 patients with LVMs were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 42.7 years (range, 17 to 78 years). Raised intracranial pressure was the main presenting symptom. The definite diagnosis of LVMs in most cases was made by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Six patients were subjected to plain CT scans, 15 to contrast MR scans, and 4 to a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA). Large tumors were seen in most cases with an average diameter of more than 4.3 cm. Of the 21 cases of LVMs in our series, LVMs were resected in 16 cases via a posterior parieto-occipital transcortical approach, 2 cases via a transcallosal approach, and 3 cases via a posterior middle temporal gyrus approach. In 8 out of 21 cases, the tumors were located in the left lateral ventricle. The gross total surgical excision was achieved in 18 (86%) patients, and all LVMs were pathologically confirmed to be benign. Nine patients were followed up (range: 11 months-4.6 years). Eight (88.9%) cases obtained good recovery and one (11.1%) obtained moderate disability. Four approaches are available for the surgical treatment of LVMs. The choice of surgical approaches depends on tumor location, laterality, size and extension, and the function of the brain must be taken into account. Intracapsular resection and piecemeal resection of LVMs can be safely and easily performed. Preoperative MRA scan is important to know the feeder of LVMs and peripheral blood supply.

Comparison of incidence and survival of liver cancer between permanent residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai and Qidong City of Jiangsu Province during 2002-2012 / 上海预防医学

Objective ] To analyze the incidence and mortality of liver cancer and survival situation among permanent residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from January 2002 to December 2012, and compare these data with the statistics obtained from Qidong City of Jiangsu Province. [ Methods] The data on liver cancer among permanent residents in Yangpu District were collected from the database of cancer registration and management system in Shanghai.The temporal trend in the incidence and mortality of liver cancer was assessed and compared with the related statistical data from Qidong City of Jiangsu Province.Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was performed for survival analysis. [ Results] A total of 3 389 cases of liver cancer were diagnosed from January 2002 to December 2012 . The standardized incidence rate was 15.70/105 in males, significantly higher than 5.45/105 in females ( P<0.05) .A total of 3 026 cases died of liver cancer during this period.The standardized mortality rate was 13.38/105 in males and 4.66/105 in females ( P<0.05).The median survival time was 0.41 years in total, 1.40 years in those who received surgery, significantly higher than 0.35 years in those without surgery ( P <0.05 ) .The ratios between Yangpu District and Qidong City were around 1 ∶3 in both incidence and mortality rates, and about 2 ∶1 in survival rate. [ Conclusion] The mortality of liver cancer close to its incidence among permanent residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai during 2002-2012. Both the incidence and mortality of liver cancer were significantly higher in males than in females.Surgical resection significantly prolongs overall survival time and improves prognosis.Early diagnosis and prompt surgical resection can improve the overall survival rate of liver cancer patients.HBV infection may be the major risk factor of liver cancer in Yangpu District, while liver cancer in Qidong City is likely to be caused by the interaction among many factors including HBV infection, exposure to aflatoxin, genetic factors, drinking water pollution, and lack of microelement.

Current situation and training needs of disaster medicine-related knowledge in community-based populations in Yangpu district of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective] To explore disaster response capability and the vulnerability as well as the current level and training needs of disaster medicine knowledge in urban populations . [ Methods] Five communities in Yangpu District of Shanghai were randomly enrolled in this study .The study populations were then stratified by age groups .A total of 1700 residents were recruited , 1643 of which completed a structured questionnaire designed by the investigators . [ Results] Eight-nine percent of the residents be-lieved the importance of understanding disaster medicine -related knowledge .The correct answer rates of “pro-tective measures of nuclear leakage issues” and “self-rescue measures in a high building fire” reached over 80%;however , the overall correct answer rate of “cardiorespiratory resuscitation operation” was less than 40%.The main channels of community residents accessing disaster medicine knowledge were mainly news -papers, magazines, and internet (52.1%);whereas only 5.3%of them obtained the knowledge from school education .Community residents most liked to obtain “first aid skills”and“basic theory of disaster medicine”through formal lectures (72.4%). [Conclusion] School education lacks disaster-related knowledge , pos-sibly resulting in the fact that community residents have a limited ability to save both oneself and others in disaster .There are significant differences between residents with different education levels .Community resi-dents have limited knowledge of disaster occurrence and development , and lack capabilities of self-rescue and mutual aid .Colleges should increase the contents of disaster medicine education in their curriculum .Disaster education should be enforced in school education .Continued education and simulation of disaster-related knowledge should be regularly offered to community residents to greatly reduce their vulnerability to disasters .

Clinical characteristics and prediction of Kawasaki disease unresponsive to initial dose of intravenous immunoglobulin / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To determine the prediction and clinical characteristics of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treated Kawasaki disease (KD) failure in initial dose.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed with the clinical data of 1 11 children with KD.The paticnts were divided into sensitive group and unresponsive group according to initial effect of IVIG.The clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and radiological features of the children were compared.Logistic regression analysis was performed in significant different indicators to determine independent correlation factors.In order to seek the reference indexes which indicate unresponsive to IVIG,a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made,of which the diagnostic cut-off was nine independent correlation factors while grouping was made according to patients' different responses to IVIG.Results (1)There were 90 cases (81.1％)in effective group and 21 cases (18.9％) in unresponsive group.(2) Compared with the sensitive group,hyperpyrexia cases[66.7％ (14/ 21 cases) vs 34.4％ (31/90 cases),x2 =7.334,P =0.007] and the chances of coronary artery lesions [47.6％ (10/ 21 cases) vs 23.3％ (21/90 cases),x2 =4.989,P =0.026] were significantly higher in the unresponsive group.(3)Compared with the children administered twice with gamma globulin,the children of single-dose treatment significantly reduced the unresponsive probability [12.5 ％ (9/72 cases) vs 30.8 ％ (12/39 cases),x2 =5.504,P =0.019],and there was no difference in the chances of coronary artery lesions[23.6％ (17/72 cases) vs 30.8％ (12/39 cases),x2 =0.672,P =0.412].(4)Comparing the sensitive group and the unresponsive group,the percentage of neutrophils count [(0.72 ± 0.06) vs (0.76 ± 0.04),t =-2.84,P =0.005],platelet counts [(352.38 ± 42.18) × 109/L vs (373.14 ±36.93) × 109/L,t =-2.076,P =0.040] and C-reactive protein (CRP) [(74.38 ± 12.92) mg/L vs (92.05 ± 11.17) mg/L,t =-5.780,P =0.000] were significantly higher in the unresponsive group,but the level of serum albumin[(34.09 ±3.19) g/L vs (31.61 ±2.03) g/L,t =4.442,P =0.000] was lower.(5) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the percentage increase of neutrophils count (P =0.018),CRP (P =0.000) increase and serum albumin(P =0.040) decrease were independent risk factors for unresponsive treatment with gamma globulin.(6)After the area under the ROC curve was calculated,the percentage of neutrophils count,CRP and serum albumin could be effective predictors to IVIG treatment failure in initial dose,and the critical values were 0.72,78.5 mg/L and 33.11 g/L,respectively.Conclusions Treatment with IVIG for the first time may be ineffective in some situations such as the percentage of neutrophils count ≥0.72,CRP ≥78.5 mg/L or serum albumin≤33.11 g/L.

Therapeutic effect of ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy in children: a prospective observational study / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficiency, electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and cognitive improvements of ketogenic diet (KD) in children with refractory epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty pediatric patients (7-61 months in age) with refractory epilepsy were recruited between August 2012 and August 2013. KD therapy was performed on all participants for at least 3 months based on a fasting initiation protocol with the lipid-to-nonlipid ratio being gradually increased to 4 : 1. Seizure frequency, type and degree were recorded before and during KD therapy. A 24 hours video-electroencephalogram (V-EEG) examination and Gesell Developmental Scale assessment were performed prior to KD therapy, and 3, 6, 9 months after KD therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six patients became seizure free after KD therapy, with a complete control rate of 30%. Seizure frequency reduction occurred in 13 (65%) patients, EEG improvement in 8 (40%) patients, and improvement in Gesell Developmental Scales (gross motor and adaptability in particular) in 6 (30%) patients. The KD therapy-related side effects were mild.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KD therapy is safety and effective in reducing seizure frequency and improving EEG and cognitive function in children with refractory epilepsy.</p>