The role of two-component regulatory system in ß-lactam antibiotics resistance.

The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and in the medical field has led to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms that produce drug resistance and even multidrug resistance. B-lactam is one of the most widely used antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Resistance to ß-lactam resistance can be primarily due to the presence ß-lactamase, mutation of ß-lactam targets and overexpression of efflux pumps. Two-component regulatory systems are composed of histidine kinase and response regulator that regulate gene expression under different environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which ß-lactam resistance is developed and the role of the two-component regulatory system in ß-lactam resistance.