Rates and causes of disagreement in interpretation of full-field digital mammography and film-screen mammography in a diagnostic setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the rates and causes of disagreements in interpretation between full-field digital mammography and film-screen mammography in a diagnostic setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing diagnostic mammography were invited to participate in the digital mammography study. Three views, selected by the radiologist interpreting the film-screen mammography, were obtained in both film-screen mammography and digital mammography. Radiologists independently assigned a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category to the film-screen mammography and the digital mammography images. The BI-RADS categories were grouped into the general categories of agreement, partial agreement, or disagreement. A third and different radiologist reviewed all cases of disagreement, reached a decision as to management, and determined the primary cause of disagreement. RESULTS: Six radiologists reviewed digital mammography and film-screen mammography diagnostic images in a total of 1147 breasts in 692 patients. Agreement between digital mammography and final film-screen mammography assessment was present in 937 breasts (82%), partial agreement in 159 (14%), and disagreement in 51 (4%), for a kappa value of 0.29. The primary causes of disagreement were differences in management approach of the radiologists (52%), information derived from sonography or additional film-screen mammograms (34%), and technical differences between the two mammographic techniques (10%). CONCLUSION: Significant disagreement between film-screen mammography and digital mammography affecting follow-up management was present in only 4% of breasts. The most frequent cause of disagreement in interpretation was a difference in management approach between radiologists (interobserver variability). This source of variability was larger than that due to differences in lesion visibility between film-screen mammography and digital mammography.

Extended field-of-view two-dimensional ultrasonography of the breast: improvement in lesion documentation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of extended field-of-view two-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging for improvement in overall breast lesion documentation. Sonographic images of 59 patients with breast lesions or silicone implants were evaluated by three radiologists retrospectively to compare traditional static linear array images alone with images obtained with the addition of an extended field of view to determine if documentation of lesions was improved. The addition of extended field-of-view imaging improved lesion conspicuity by 21% over traditional images. It provided overall improvement in lesion documentation by including a reference point (nipple) or by more completely imaging large masses in 79% and implants in 69%. The larger field of view of this technique is promising as an adjunct to traditional sonography for breast lesion documentation.

Sonography of solid breast lesions: observer variability of lesion description and assessment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the level of inter- and intraobserver agreement and to evaluate the causes of variability in radiologists' descriptions and assessments of sonograms of solid breast masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty sonograms of solid masses were evaluated independently by five radiologists. Observers used the lexicon of a recently published benchmark report on sonographic appearances of breast masses to determine mass shape, margin, echogenicity, echo texture, presence of echogenic pseudocapsule, and acoustic transmission. Final diagnostic assessments were determined by applying the rule-based model of the same benchmark report to the radiologists' descriptions. In addition, one observer interpreted each case twice to evaluate intraobserver variability. Inter- and intraobserver variability were measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. We also investigated causes of variability in radiologists' descriptions. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement ranged from lowest for determining the presence of an echogenic pseudocapsule (kappa = .09) to highest for determining mass shape (kappa = .8). Intraobserver agreement was lowest for mass echo texture (kappa = .24) and greatest for mass shape (kappa = .79). Variability in descriptions of lesions contributed to interobserver (kappa = .51) and some intraobserver (kappa = .66) inconsistency in assessing the likelihood of malignancy. CONCLUSION: Lack of uniformity among observers' use of descriptive terms for solid breast masses resulted in inconsistent diagnoses. The need for improved definitions and additional illustrative examples could be addressed by developing a standardized lexicon similar to that of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System.

[Role of ultrasonography in the follow-up of surgically treated patients. Upper urinary tract. Complications after conservative surgery]. / Ruolo dell'ecografia nel follow-up del paziente operato. Alto apparato urinario. Complicanze dopo chirurgia conservativa.

The Authors describe the purposes of ultrasonographic follow-up after both conservative surgery and endoscopic or endourological operations of the upper urinary tract. In these cases ultrasonography evaluates the results of normal surgery, the presence of early or late complications, and of iatrogenic lesions. The echo-patterns of deformations in the outline of the kidneys, of hematic, urinary or lymphatic collections (both retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal), of fistulas, of sclero-lipomatosis and of post-cicatrization hydronephrosis are described. The importance of evaluating the degree of obstruction by a dynamic ultrasonographic study with furosemide-test is emphasized. The ultrasonographic monitoring of urethral and pyelostomy setting of catheters is also described. The echo-patterns of retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal fluid collections and renal hematomas, in relation also the kind of fluid contained are widely discussed.