ABSTRACT
Most organisms exhibit some kind of rhythmicity in their behaviour and/or physiology as an adaptation to the cyclical movements of the Earth. In addition to circadian rhythms, many organisms have an annual rhythmicity in certain activities, such as reproduction, migration or induction of diapause. Current knowledge of the molecular basis controlling seasonal rhythmicity, especially in insects, is scarce. One element that seems to play an essential role in the maintenance of both circadian and seasonal rhythms in vertebrates is the hormone melatonin. In vertebrates, the limiting enzyme in its synthesis is the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). Melatonin is also present in insects but the precise biochemical pathway and the enzymes involved in its synthesis are unknown. Insects possess phylogenetically distant arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases but their involvement in melatonin synthesis still needs to be fully demonstrated. Aphids have a seasonally rhythmical life cycle, reproducing parthenogenetically by viviparity in favourable seasons but, in unfavourable seasons, they produce a single generation of sexual individuals. The length of the photoperiod is the main environmental factor that controls the mode of reproduction in aphids. Taking advantage of the availability of the genome of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, we searched for genes encoding aphid arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase homologues that could be candidates for participation in seasonal rhythmicity. We identified four AANAT genes, of which at least two (Ap-AANAT1 and Ap-AANAT3) showed highly significant variation in transcription levels depending on the photoperiod conditions. These results are discussed in the context of how seasonality can be controlled in aphids.
Subject(s)
Aphids/genetics , Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics , Gene Expression/physiology , Photoperiod , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase/biosynthesis , Base Sequence , Circadian Rhythm/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Reproduction/geneticsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Female , Child , Humans , Duodenal Obstruction/physiopathology , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Vomiting/etiologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Male , Aged , Humans , Spinal Injuries/diagnosis , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Accidents, TrafficABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Humans , Lung, Hyperlucent/diagnosis , Lung, Hyperlucent/therapy , Bronchitis/complications , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/complications , Radiography, Thoracic , Diagnosis, Differential , Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio , Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio/physiology , Spirometry/methods , Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications , Bronchography/methods , Angiography/methods , Angiography/trendsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Malformations , Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Cerebral Hemorrhage/pathology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Embolization, Therapeutic , Radiosurgery , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Cerebral AngiographyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Male , Aged , Humans , Climacteric/physiology , Gonadal Hormones/deficiency , Gonadal Hormones , Gonadal Disorders/pathology , Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology , Erectile Dysfunction/pathology , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Testosterone , Risk Factors , Prostate/physiopathology , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Hormone Replacement TherapyABSTRACT
Percutaneous nephrostomy has been one of most used palliative method of urinary diversion to treat cronic renal failure in neoplasic patients. Psychological and social factors meke this measure to be rejected by some patients even sin situations where this is the only action that would make their survival longer. The utilization of ureteral stents provides benefits to a certain percentage of patients, not being possible its usage in all the occassions. Urinary subcutaneous diversion can be a simple and well tolerated alternative for the patient. The following clinic case describes and approach implementing a subcutaneous stent in a 60-y-old male with a severe ureteric obstruction after failed management by endoscopy or open surgery.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Stents , Ureteral Obstruction/surgery , Urinary Catheterization , Urinary Diversion/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ureteral Obstruction/etiologyABSTRACT
La derivación urinaria mediante nefrostomía percutánea ha sido uno de los métodos de tratamiento paliativo más empleados en el paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica secundaria a uropatía obstructiva de origen neoplásico. Factores psicológicos y sociales hacen que esta medida sea rechazada por algunos pacientes incluso en situaciones en las cuales es la única medida que prolongaría la supervivencia. El empleo de stent ureterales beneficia a un porcentaje de pacientes, no siendo posible su empleo en todas las ocasiones. La derivación con catéter subcutáneo es una alternativa sencilla y bien tolerada. El siguiente caso clínico describe la implantación de un catéter de derivación subcutánea en un varón de 60 años, trasplantado renal, tras fracaso de manejo de estenosis ureteral severa mediante endoscopia y reimplantación (AU)
Percutaneous nephrostomy has been one of most used palliative method of urinary diversion to treat cronic renal failure in neoplasic patients. Psychological and social factors meke this measure to be rejected by some patients even sin situations where this is the only action that would make their survival longer. The utilization of ureteral stents provides benefits to a certain percentage of patients, not being possible its usage in all the occassions. Urinary subcutaneous diversion can be a simple and well tolerated alternative for the patient. The following clinic case describes and approach implementing a subcutaneous stent in a 60-y old male with a severe ureteric obstruction after failed management by endoscopy or open surgery (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urinary Diversion/methods , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/methods , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Hepatorenal Syndrome/complications , Ureteral Obstruction/etiologyABSTRACT
We report a case of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma diagnosed casual in a 23 years old woman treated of a Wilm's tumour twenty years ago. A review of the on this unusual tumour is included.
Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Neurilemmoma/pathology , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Wilms Tumor/pathology , Adult , Female , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy , Neurilemmoma/therapy , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/therapy , Retroperitoneal Space/diagnostic imaging , Retroperitoneal Space/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Wilms Tumor/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determinate the efficacy in the treatment of ureteral estenoses after renal transplantation with metallic self-expandable stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From october of 1995 to april of 2002, 8 ureteral obstruction post renal transplantation have treated by means of implants of a metallic self-expandable stent (6 men and 2 women). The average time of pursuit was of 30 months (rank 2-53 months). In this work the severity and location of the estenosis are analysed, the method of implant of the stent, the permeability of the same one, the levels of creatinine pre and postimplant and the complications derived from the same one. RESULTS: The treatment was effective in the 100% of the patients (8/8), with an average reduction of the creatinine of 36% (rank 13.6%-59.6%). The complications were minimum and the hospital stay was short. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients with: chronic deterioration of the graft with short functional expectation, patient with high surgical risk and reestenosis after ureteral reimplantation by previous ureteral estenosis, the use of a metallic self-expandable stent, constitutes technique of election given its efficacy and low associate morbidity.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Stents , Ureteral Obstruction/surgery , Adult , Aged , Catheterization , Combined Modality Therapy , Creatinine/blood , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Rejection , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Replantation , Treatment Outcome , Ureteral Obstruction/therapyABSTRACT
We present the results and complications found and compared in 2 large series of patients who underwent a surgical procedure to avoid Urinary Stress Incontinence in our hospital. From january of 1994 to december of 2001 we collected 195 patients with an average age of 57.9 y we compared them with a prior series of 189 patients collected between january of 1976 and december of 1993, with an average age of 53.6. The continence rate was similar in both series (70.8% pre-94 and 74.5% post 94), slight incontinence 22.7% pre-94 and 19.2% post-94 and for complete incontinence 6.3% pre-94 and 6.2% post-94. The Burch procedure was the most common and also shows the greatest effectiveness in our trial involving 113 cases and a continence rate of 74.3% in the first series and 144 cases and 77% respectively in the second series. The most common complications were very similar in both groups: tract urinary infection (5.2% and 9% first and second group), surgical wound infection (4.2% and 2.2% respectively). We conclude that in spite of the introduction of new and useful surgical procedure (TVT, periurethal substances injection...) the greatest long term success rate still corresponds to the Burch colposuspension.
Subject(s)
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Diseases/complications , Urinary Bladder Diseases/surgery , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/etiology , Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Urologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Malacoplakia is an unusual chronical granulomatous disorder. In the urinary tract is more frequent in female, in 75 percent of cases involve the bladder. Pelvis extension of this disease is infrequent, and even less frequent is the involvement of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. We present the second case in the literature of bladder malacoplakia with extravesical and pelvic node involvement.
Subject(s)
Malacoplakia/pathology , Urinary Bladder Diseases/pathology , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Female , Granuloma/pathology , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Malacoplakia/complications , Malacoplakia/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/complications , Urinary Bladder Diseases/complications , Urinary Bladder Diseases/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de schwannoma benigno retroperitoneal como hallazgo incidental en una joven de 23 años tratada de un tumor de Wilms a los tres años. Se incluye una revisión de la literatura de este tumor tan infrecuente (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Neurilemmoma , Retroperitoneal Space , Neoplasms, Second Primary , Wilms Tumor , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms , Kidney NeoplasmsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia del empleo de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles en el tratamiento de las estenosis ureterales post-trasplante renal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Desde octubre de 1995 a abril de 2002, se han tratado 8 estenosis ureterales postTR mediante el implante de una prótesis metálica autoexpandible (6 hombres y 2 mujeres). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 30 meses (rango 2-53 meses). En este trabajo se analizan la severidad y localización de la estenosis, el método de implante de la prótesis, la permeabilidad de la misma, los niveles de creatinina pre y postimplante y las complicaciones derivadas del mismo. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento fue efectivo en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes (8/8), con un descenso medio de la creatinina del 36 por ciento (rango 13,6 por ciento-59,6 por ciento). Las complicaciones fueron mínimas y la estancia hospitalaria fue corta. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes con: deterioro crónico del injerto con expectativa funcional corta, pacientes con alto riesgo quirúrgico y reestenosis tras reimplantación ureterovesical por estenosis ureteral previa, el empleo de una prótesis metálica autoexpandible constituye la técnica de elección dada su eficacia y baja morbilidad asociada (AU)
OBJECTIVE: To determinate the efficacy in the treatment of ureteral estenoses after renal transplantation with metallic self-expandable stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From october of 1995 to april of 2002, 8 ureteral obstruction post renal transplantation have treated by means of implants of a metallic self-expandable stent (6 men and 2 women). The average time of pursuit was of 30 months (rank 2-53 months). In this work the severity and location of the estenosis are analysed, the method of implant of the stent, the permeability of the same one, the levels of creatinine pre and postimplant and the complications derived from the same one. RESULTS: The treatment was effective in the 100% of the patients (8/8), with an average reduction of the creatinine of 36% (rank 13,6%-59,6%). The complications were minimun and the hospital stay was short. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients with: chronic deterioration of the graft with short functional expectation, patient with high surgical risk and reestenosis after ureteral reimplantation by previous ureteral estenosis, the use of a metallic self-expandable stent, constitutes technique of election given its efficacy and low associate morbidity (AU)
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Stents , Kidney Transplantation , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Ureteral Obstruction , Treatment Outcome , Postoperative Complications , Replantation , Catheterization , Combined Modality Therapy , Creatinine , Length of Stay , Follow-Up Studies , Graft RejectionABSTRACT
Se presentan los resultados y complicaciones obtenidos y comparados en dos grandes series de pacientes operadas de Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (I.U.E) en nuestro servicio. Desde enero de 1994 a diciembre de 2001 hemos recogido 195 pacientes con una edad media de 57,9 y las hemos comparado con una serie previa de 189 pacientes que comprende desde enero de 1976 hasta diciembre de 1993 con una edad media de 53,6 años. La tasa de pacientes continentes en ambas series fue similar (70,8 por ciento pre-94 y 74,5 por ciento post-94), leve incontinente en 22,7 por ciento pre-94 y 19,2 por ciento post-94 e incontinente 6,3 por ciento pre-94 y 6,2 por ciento post-94.La técnica de Burch es la más empleada y corresponde a la más eficaz en el estudio con 113 pacientes y un 74,3 por ciento de pacientes continentes en la primera serie y 144 pacientes con 77 por ciento continentes en la segunda serie. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las mismas en las dos series: infección del tracto urinario (5,2 por ciento y 9 por ciento en primera y segunda serie) e infección de herida quirúrgica (4,2 por ciento y 2,2 por ciento respectivamente).Concluimos que a pesar de la introducción de nuevas y útiles técnicas correctoras (TVT, inyección de sustancias periuretrales...) la mayor tasa de éxito a largo plazo continúa siendo la colposuspensión tipo Burch (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Adolescent , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Urologic Surgical Procedures , Urinary Incontinence, Stress , Treatment Outcome , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Bladder DiseasesABSTRACT
La malacoplaquia es un proceso inflamatorio granulomatoso crónico poco frecuente. En el tracto urinario es más frecuente en el sexo femenino, estando afectada la vejiga en el 75 por ciento de los casos. La extensión pélvica de la malacoplaquia es muy poco frecuente y aún menos frecuente es la afectación ganglionar a nivel pelviano y retroperitoneal. Se presenta el segundo caso en la literatura de malacoplaquia vesical con afectación extravesical y ganglionar pelviana (AU)
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Staphylococcal Infections , Fatal Outcome , Diagnosis, Differential , Malacoplakia , Lymph Nodes , Granuloma , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary Bladder DiseasesABSTRACT
Las fístulas urinarias constituyen una patología poco frecuente en nuestra práctica diaria, si excluimos las vésico-vaginales. Se necesita, sin embargo, conocerlas para diagnosticarlas y tratarlas adecuadamente. De una forma bastante resumida ponemos al día el manejo de las fístulas uro-vasculares, urocutáneas, urodigestivas y uro-ginecológicas, repasando igualmente su etiología (AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Urinary Fistula , Vaginal Diseases , Vesicovaginal Fistula , Ureteral Diseases , Urethral Diseases , Vascular Fistula , Cutaneous Fistula , Digestive System Diseases , Urinary Bladder DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe the effectiveness of sacral root neuromodulation in ameliorating symptoms of refractory voiding disfunction in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from december 1998 throught december 2001, 31 Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation (PNE) was performed to 20 patients with refractory voiding dysfunction; a sacral nerve stimulation device was implanted in 10 patients (8 female, 2 male). The median age was 49 years. Refractory voiding dysfunction included: mixed disorders (30%), idiopathic nonobstructive chronic urinary retention (20%), urgency/frequency (20%), faecal and urinary incontinence with absence of sphincter defect (20%) and frequency (10%). RESULTS: The 2 patients with frequency/urgency decreased their symptoms more than 50%, bladders were emptied without post-void residual urine in 2 patients with urinary retention, faecal and urinary incontinence in 2 patients and mixed disorders in other 3, reduced their symptoms more than 90% without residual urine. The frequency improved more than 50% in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral Root Neuromodulation is a successful treatment in some cases of idiopathic chronic micturition dysfunction which don't respond to pharmacotheraphy or bladder retraining. The effects of neuromodulation are long-lasting and associated morbidity is low.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Spinal Nerve Roots , Urination Disorders/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Electrodes, Implanted , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Describir la experiencia de nuestro centro en el tratamiento con neuromodulación de raíces sacras posteriores de pacientes con disfunción miccional crónica tras el fracaso de tratamiento conservador. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Desde diciembre de 1998 a diciembre de 2001, hemos realizado a 20 pacientes 31 test de estimulación de nervios periféricos (ENP), y 10 implantes definitivos (8 fueron mujeres y 2 varones). Edad media: 49 años. El cuadro clínico más frecuente fueron los trastornos mixtos (30 per cent), seguidos por retencionistas crónicos (20 per cent), urgencia/frecuencia miccional (20 per cent), incontinencia urinaria y fecal con integridad esfinteriana (20 per cent) y cuadro de frecuencia miccional elevada (10 per cent). RESULTADOS: Los 2 pacientes con frecuencia e incontinencia por urgencia mejoraron la sintomatología más del 50 per cent. Los 2 pacientes con retención urinaria crónica completa recuperación micción espontánea sin residuo post-miccional, 3 pacientes con trastornos mixtos redujeron sus síntomas más del 90 per cent sin residuo post-miccional significativo. Los pacientes con incontinencia fecal y urinaria mejoraron su sintomatología más de un 90 per cent. El paciente con cuadro de frecuencia miccional elevada también redujo los síntomas más del 50 per cent. La única complicación post-quirúrgica fue seroma de herida quirúrgica en 3 casos. CONCLUSIONES: La neuromodulación de raíces sacras es útil en los casos de disfunción miccional crónica idiopática que no responden a tratamiento farmacológico y/o de reeducación. La neuromodulación de raíces sacras produce, en pacientes seleccionados, una mejoría prolongada y la técnica presenta escasa morbilidad (AU)
