Molecular mechanism overview of metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants are essential and rich resources for plant-based medicines and new drugs. Increasing attentions are paid to the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants due to their unique biological activity, pharmacological action, and high utilization value. However, the development of medicinal plants is constrained by limited natural resources and an unclear understanding of the mechanisms underlying active medicinal ingredients, thereby rendering the utilization and exploration of secondary metabolites more challenging. Besides, with the advancement of research on biosynthesis and molecular metabolism of natural products from medicinal plants, the methods for studying the biological activity and pharmacological effects of these products are constantly evolving. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the biosynthetic pathways and related regulatory genes of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which has greatly advanced both basic research and the development of clinical applications for medicinal plants. In this review, we discuss the past two decades of international research on the development of medicinal plant resources, mainly focusing on the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites, intracellular signal transduction processes, multi-omics applications, and the application of gene editing technology in related research progress. We also discuss future development trends to promote the deep mining and development of natural products from medicinal plants, providing a useful reference.

The distribution characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus in 438 lymphoma patients / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)in lymphomas.Methods 438 cases of lymphomas were reclassified according to the WHO classification of lymphoma (2008).ALK1,CD3,CD5,CD7,CD10,CD15,CD20,CD23,CD30,CD43,CD56,CD68,CD79,CD99,CyclinD1,EMA,IgD,TdT,Vs38C and LMP-1 were detected by in situ hybridization of EBER and immunohistochemistry.Results In B cell lymphoma,T and NK cell lymphoma and Hodgkin' s lymphoma (HL),the positive rates of EBER were 5.4 ％ (14/261),16.5 ％ (19/115) and 59.7 ％ (37/62),respectively,and the positive rates of LMP-1 were 5.4 ％ (14/261),5.2 ％ (6/115) and 59.7 ％ (37/62).In DLBCL patients,EBER expression in the older group was significantly higher than that in the younger one [13.2 ％ (7/53) vs 1.2 ％ (1/81),P ＜ 0.05].The expression of EBER and LMP-1 were inconsistent in T and NK cell lymphomas,and the positive rate of EBER was significantly higher than that of LMP-1 (P ＜ 0.05).EBER was all positive in 5 cases of NK/T cell lymphoma-nasal type.The expression of EBER and LMP-1 were consistent in HL.Conclusion The EBV infection was associated with the classification of the lymphoma.The EBV infection was the highest in NK/T cell lymphoma-nasal type,and the next was in HL.Due to the consistency of EBER and LMP-1 expression in the HL,economically,LMP-1 may replace EBER as the indicator of EBV.EBV might play an important role in the occurrence and development of NK/T cell lymphoma-nasal type,HL and so on.