Analysis of university students' participation in emergency education and its influencing factors in Shandong province.

Objective: The aim of this study is to understand the current situation of university students' participation in emergency education and its influencing factors in Shandong province, to improve the enthusiasm of university students' involvement in emergency training and exercise activities, and to provide a reference for universities to carry out education on public health emergencies. Methods: From April to May 2020, 6,630 university students were selected from six universities in Shandong province by stratified random sampling. Descriptive analysis, χ2 test, and logistic regression for statistical analysis were also used. Results: Overall, 35.5 and 55.8% of university students believed that it is necessary to participate in emergency education activities, and 65.8% of university students participated in emergency training and exercise activities. Through multivariate analysis, the results showed that university students who are men, sophomores, medical students, from within the province, the only child, have good health, take emergency education courses, think it is necessary to participate in emergency education, think the school attaches great importance to emergency education, believe that the professional teacher level to meet needs, know about public health emergencies, have received emergency education such as prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and have a higher participation rate of emergency education and training activities. Conclusion: The willingness of university students to participate in emergency education in Shandong province is high, but the willingness in emergency training and exercise activities is low. Gender, grade, profession, and students' nationalities, whether it is only children, health, the school courses in emergency education situations, the value of emergency education, emergency education to participate, the degree of teachers' professional level to meet the requirements, a public health emergency condition as well as the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as emergency education are the main influencing factors for university students' participation in emergency training and exercise activities in Shandong province.

Sanguinarine suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma inhibiting mTOR signaling.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the anti-NPC effect of sanguinarine (SA) through a series of wet experiments. METHODS: NPC cell viability was determined by proliferation experiment. Cell clone formation experiment, cell scratch test, transwell migration and invasion experiment and flow cytometry-based cell apoptosis assay were further performed. In addition, Western blotting was performed to investigate the cell signaling pathway. All the relevant experimental data were statistically processed using SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS: The results showed that sanguinarine represented a time and dose dependent inhibition effects on NPC cell proliferation including the low differentiated CNE2 cells and high metastatic 5-8F cells, along with the cell cloning ability reduction. In addition, sanguinarine has a certain inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of NPC cells. Mechanistically, sanguinarine displayed the anti-NPC effects mainly involved into the suppression of mTOR signaling and cell apoptosis, which is closely associated with the tumor growth and metastatic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, we discover that sanguinarine is a new high-efficiency anti-NPC monomer of Chinese medicine, with a value for the follow-up pre-clinical research.

Zinc induces reactive astrogliosis through ERK-dependent activation of Stat3 and promotes synaptic degeneration.

Reactive astrogliosis is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and plays a key role in synaptic degeneration in AD development. Zinc accumulates in extracellular fraction and synaptosomes in AD human brains with its effect on reactive astrocytes remaining unknown. Through Western blotting, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence detection on primary astrocytes treated by zinc and/or zinc chelator, we revealed that zinc induced harmful A1-type reactive astrogliosis in cultured primary astrocytes; the latter, promoted synaptic degeneration in primary neurons. The mechanism investigation showed that zinc induced activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (Stat3) at serine 727 (S727-Stat3) and tyrosine 705 (Y705-Stat3), respectively, resulting in activation of Stat3. Stat3 phosphorylation at S727 by ERK plays a key role in zinc-induced astrogliosis. These data imply a new molecular mechanism of reactive astrogliosis in AD, in which excessive zinc activates Stat3 through up-regulating ERK signaling pathway.