The effect of a carbohydrate loading on running performance during a 25-km treadmill time trial by level of aerobic capacity in athletes.

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a high carbohydrate diet and the level of aerobic capacity on running performance during a 25-km treadmill time trial. The study used a 2*2 design with the factors being training and diet composition. We divided the athletes in 4 groups: 1. Trained athletes with carbohydrate loading (CHO1); 2. Trained athletes without carbohydrate loading (C1); 3. Untrained athletes with carbohydrate loading (CHO2); 4. Untrained athletes without carbohydrate loading (C2). The carbohydrate loading was effected with confectionery. Performance time, running speed, blood glucose and blood lactate concentrations were evaluated during two 25-km treadmill time trial (trial 1 and trial 2) separated by 7 days in which two groups (CHO1 and CHO2) had a carbohydrate loading. The results showed that the athletes with lower level of aerobic capacity had better performance time after carbohydrate loading. They ran faster and had a higher glucose and lactate concentrations in the last 5 km during trial 2. There were no significant differences in the other groups. In conclusion, we can assert that dietary carbohydrate loading can improve running performance and that confectionery can be used as an effective means of supplementing the normal carbohydrate intake in preparation for endurance competitions. But the improvement depends on some factors such as the distance and the level of aerobic capacity.

Increased serum calcitonin, reduced serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and normal parathormone concentrations in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Twelve children (5 males and 7 females, mean age 8.5 years) with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), 9 with absorptive IH (1 type I and 8 type II) and 3 with renal IH, were followed in our outpatient hospital from September 1981 to March 1987. Mean (+/- 1 SD) free diet calciuria was 5.9 +/- 1.66 mg/kg/day. Diagnosis was made measuring urinary Ca/Cr ratio after controlled diet and calcium loading test. Serum parathormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and calcitonin (TCT) values and renal threshold phosphate concentration (TmPO4/GFR) were also studied. Serum PTH was normal in all children. Serum TCT levels were significantly increased in the patients with IH compared with controls (p less than 0.001) while serum 1,25-(OH)2-D3 levels were significantly reduced compared with controls (p less than 0.001).

[Potential ratios among blood levels of various blood proteins in the cord blood of healthy newborn infants]. / Possibili rapporti esistenti tra livelli ematici di alcune proteine del sangue cordonale di neonati sani.

The authors have studied the correlations between IgA, IgG, IgM, C3c, C4, alpha 1-AGP and the total proteins, total globulins, alpha 1, alpha 2-globulins in normal newborn cord blood. The results indicate some significant correlations between C3c and C4, C3c, C4 and alpha 1-AGP, C3c, C4, alpha 1 1/2AGP and alpha 2-globulins, C4 and beta-globulins, C3c and alpha 1-AGP. The most significant finding has been inverse correlation between IgA and alpha 1, alpha 2-globulins, total globulins and total proteins.

[Effects of the use of FRIGEN (AG-Ffm-HOECST) on the determination of blood levels of some proteins (IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4) in cord blood of healthy newborn infants at term by laser nephelometry]. / Effetti dell'uso del FRIGEN (AG-Ffm-HOECST) sulle determinazioni dei livelli ematici di alcune proteine (IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4) nel sangue cordonale di neonati sani a termine in laser nefelometria.

The purpose of this paper is to establishes the FRIGEN effects on the determination of IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4 cord-blood levels, by means of laser-nephelometry. The results show substantial interferences only in the IgA levels, whereas the other on almost all proteins are not affected, the found interference can be due to the amount of IgA bound to B-lipoprotein, that are precipitated by FRIGEN.

[Normal values of IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in blood from the umbilical cord of healthy newborn infants using laser-nephelometry. I: IgA, IgM]. / Valori normali di IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4 e alfa 1-glicoproteina acida nel sangue di cordone ombelicale di neonati sani a termine in lasernefelometria. Nota I: IgA, IgM.

The authors have determined, using the laser-nephelometric technique, the concentration of IgA and IgM in the umbilical cord blood of normal newborns. The results obtained are sufficiently in agreement with literature data, even if there are some differences derived by methods and environmental factors.

[Normal values of IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in blood from the umbilical cord of healthy newborn infants using laser-nephelometry. II: IgG]. / Valori normali di IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4, alfa 1-glicoproteina acida nel sangue di cordone ombelicale di neonati sani a termine in lasernefelometria. Nota II: IgG.

The authors have determined, using the laser-nephelometric technique, the concentration of IgG in the umbilical cord blood of normal newborns. The results obtained are sufficiently in agreement with literature data, even if there are some differences derived by methods and environmental factors.

[Normal values of IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in blood from the umbilical cord of healthy newborn infants using laser-nephelometry. III: C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein]. / Valori normali di IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4, alfa 1-glicoproteina acida nel sangue di cordone ombelicale di neonati sani a termine in lasernefelometria. Nota III: C3c, C4, alfa 1-glicoproteina acida.

The authors have determined, using the laser-nephelometric technique, the concentration of C3c, C4 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the umbilical cord blood of normal newborns. The results obtained are sufficiently in agreement with literature data, even if there are some differences derived by methods and environmental factors.