ABSTRACT
Infections with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are common causes of myocarditis in humans. One detail of CVB3-induced pathogenesis is apoptosis. The interaction between the capsid protein VP2 of the myocardial virus variant CVB3H3 and the proapoptotic host cell protein Siva has recently been observed. In order to characterize the interaction between both proteins more precisely, the binding activity of the CVB3H3 VP2 to Siva was compared to that of the mutant virus CVB3H310A1 VP2. We found that the asparagine at position 165 in VP2 is essential for a stable interaction with Siva influencing also the induction of apoptosis, viral spread, and inflammatory responses in vivo. Furthermore, the specific binding site of Siva to VP2 is located at amino acid positions 118-136. Together, these results show that the interaction between VP2 of CVB3H3 and Siva is a highly specific process involving distinct amino acids on both proteins that most likely influence the outcome of CVB3-caused disease.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Capsid/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Enterovirus B, Human/pathogenicity , Enterovirus Infections/physiopathology , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Binding Sites , Capsid/chemistry , Capsid/genetics , Capsid Proteins , Carrier Proteins/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Enterovirus B, Human/physiology , Enterovirus Infections/pathology , Enterovirus Infections/virology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Sequence Data , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreas/virology , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/blood , Transcription, GeneticSubject(s)
Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Splenosis/diagnosis , Accidents, Traffic , Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Liver/pathology , Liver Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Spleen/pathology , Splenectomy , Splenic Rupture/complications , Splenosis/diagnostic imaging , Splenosis/etiology , Splenosis/pathology , Time Factors , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiography/standards , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Germany, East , Humans , Infant , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
To explore whether there is an inter-relationship between the rate of low-density (LD) lipoprotein binding to its receptor and the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides, experiments were performed with human fibroblasts where the synthesis of lipoprotein receptor and dolichyl saccharides was under control of LD lipoprotein and compactin. Pretreatment of the cells with nonlabelled LD lipoprotein resulted in a suppression of both the binding of 125I-labelled LD lipoprotein to the receptor and the synthesis of dolichyl saccharides from [14C]acetate and [3H]mannose, but not from [3H]mevalonolactone. Compactin, in contrast, inhibited only the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. Mevalonolactone (1 microM) abolished the inhibitory effect of LD lipoprotein on dolichyl saccharide formation, but was not able to restore the receptor-binding capacity, thus suggesting that the synthesis of lipoprotein receptor is not coupled to the formation of dolichyl saccharides.
Subject(s)
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology , Lovastatin/analogs & derivatives , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis , Skin/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Humans , Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharides , Protein Binding/drug effects , Receptors, Lipoprotein , Skin/drug effectsSubject(s)
Ovary/radiation effects , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Testis/radiation effects , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Radiation Dosage , TelevisionABSTRACT
20 germ cell tumours have been studied with respect to the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. 6 out of 20 tumours contained elements of endodermal sinus tumour (EST) and were AFP positive. 16 tumours were diagnosed either as pure embryonal carcinomas (6) or as mixed germ cell tumours, containing elements of embryonal carcinoma (10). In 3 of these 16 tumours AFP was localised definitely in the embryonal carcinoma cells; in an additional 6, AFP was also detected but it could not be decided whether AFP was present in embryonal carcinoma cells or in EST cells during early differentiation. In 2 of 7 immature teratomas, AFP was shown to be present in cylindric epithelia. All seminomas (4) studied were AFP-negative. These results show that AFP, which occurs regularly in EST, may also be present in embryonal carcinomas as well as in immature teratomas. Thus, it seems that the immunohistochemical demonstration of AFP by the PAP technique is a suitable method of identifying late stages of embryonal carcinoma or early stages of endodermal sinus tumour during the process of differentiation.
Subject(s)
Dysgerminoma/metabolism , Mesonephroma/metabolism , Teratoma/metabolism , Testicular Neoplasms/metabolism , alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , MaleSubject(s)
Gonads/radiation effects , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Radiation Dosage , RadiographySubject(s)
Radiation Injuries , Radiation Monitoring , Urography , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Ovary/radiation effects , Testis/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Starting from the shortcomings of the radioprotective devices at present used in routine stomatological radiodiagnosis, the authors describe the advantages of a radioprotective shield which has been produced in the Greifswald University Stomatological Clinic. On the basis of dosimetric studies, the State Board for Nuclear Safety and Radiological Protection of the GDR (Staatliches Amt fur Atomsicherheit und Strahlenschutz der DDR) could demonstrate the suitability of this shield as a radioprotective device for routine stomatological radiodiagnosis.
