Coaches' interpersonal style, basic psychological needs and the well- and ill-being of young soccer players: a longitudinal analysis.

This study entailed a longitudinal test of basic psychological needs theory, a sub-theory in the self-determination framework (Deci & Ryan, 2000), in young soccer players. We examined whether changes in soccer players' perceptions of the coaches' interpersonal style (autonomy supportive and controlling) predicted changes in the players' need satisfaction/need thwarting, and in turn, variability in their reported subjective vitality and burnout over the course of a season. Young male soccer players (M = 12.58 ± 0.54 years) completed a questionnaire at two time points in the season [n(T1) = 725; n(T2) = 597]. Changes in the players' perceptions of an autonomy supportive environment significantly predicted changes in psychological need satisfaction (positively) and in psychological need thwarting (negatively). Changes in psychological need satisfaction positively predicted changes in subjective vitality and negatively related to cross-time variation in global burnout scores. In contrast, changes in the players' perceptions of a controlling coach-created environment were positively associated with changes in psychological need thwarting that corresponded to increases in player burnout. Finally, results provided support for the assumed mediational roles of psychological need satisfaction and need thwarting in the social environment to well- and ill-being relationships.

Estilo interpersonal controlador del entrenador, frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y burnout en futbolistas infantiles / Controlling Coach Interpersonal Style, Basic Psychological Need Thwarting, and Burnout in Young Soccer Players

En el presente trabajo, basado en la Teoría de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNT; Deci y Ryan, 2000), se puso a prueba un modelo con la siguiente secuencia: Estilo interpersonal controlador del entrenador Þ Frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas Þ Burnout. Participaron725 futbolistas varones de la categoría infantil con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 13 años (M = 12.6; DT = .54) que completaron los instrumentos que evaluaban las variables de interés. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales informaron que la percepción del estilo controlador del entrenador actuaba de predictor positivo de la frustración de las tres necesidades y que cada una de estas tres últimas, se asociaba positivamente con el burnout (AU)

Based on the basic psychological needs theory (BPNT; Deci &Ryan, 2000), in the present study a model with the following sequence was tested: controlling interpersonal coaching style Þ basic psychological need thwarting Þ burnout. Participants were 725 young male soccer players from category under 14 years old (Infantil), aged between 11 and 13 (M =12.6; SD = .54) that completed the questionnaires tapping the variables of interest. Results of structural equation analyses informed that perception of a controlling interpersonal coaching style was a positive predictor of need thwarting for competence, autonomy and relatedness; thwarting for these three needs were positively associated with burnout (AU)

Clima motivacional, metas de logro de aproximación y evitación y bienestar en futbolistas cadetes / Motivational climate, approach-avoidance achievement goals and well-being in young soccer players

Basado en la teoría de las metas de logro (modelo dicotómico, Nicholls, 1989; y modelo 2 x 2, Elliot y McGregor, 2001), se exploró un modelo en el que se analizaban las relaciones hipotetizadas entre el clima motivacional percibido, la competencia percibida, las metas de maestría y resultado (aproximación y evitación), e indicadores positivos de bienestar (satisfacción con la vida y autoestima). Participaron 370 jóvenes varones jugadores de fútbol entre los 12 y los 16 años (M= 14.77). Los resultados mostraron una asociación positiva entre la percepción de un clima de implicación en la tarea y las orientaciones a la maestría (aproximación y evitación), y entre la percepción de un clima de implicación en el ego y las orientaciones al resultado (aproximación y evitación). La competencia percibida se asoció positivamente con las orientaciones a la maestría-aproximación y al resultado-aproximación. Por último, la orientación a la maestríaaproximación se asoció positivamente con la satisfacción con la vida y de la autoestima, la orientación al resultadoaproximación se relacionó positivamente la satisfacción con vida, mientras que la relación entre la orientación al resultadoevitación y la autoestima resultó negativa. Estos resultados señalan la importancia de la figura del entrenador en la promoción del bienestar psicológico de los deportistas (AU)

Tests based on achievement goal theory (dichotomous model, Nicholls, 1989; and 2 x 2 model, Elliot and McGregor, 2001) were conducted on a model to analyse the hypothesised relationships between perceived motivational climate, perceived competence, approach and avoidance (mastery and performance) goals, and positive well-being indices (i. e., life satisfaction and self-esteem). A total of 370 young male soccer players between the ages of 12 and 16 took part in the study (M= 14.77). The results showed that perceptions of a task-involvement climate predicted the adoption of mastery approach and mastery avoidance goals, whereas a perceived ego-involving climate was related to performanceapproach and performance-avoidance goals. Perceived competence positively correlated to the two approach goals (mastery and performance). Lastly, the mastery-approach orientation positively correlated to life satisfaction and selfesteem; the performance-approach orientation was positively associated with life satisfaction; and the performanceavoidance orientation negatively correlated to self-esteem. These results highlight the importance of the coach’s role in promoting psychological well-being in athletes (AU)