ABSTRACT
Promotion of physical activity must be apriority in all modern societies, but there are some persons with medical conditions that can develop serious symptoms associated with sports, that can even be fatal, such as sudden death (SD). Adolescents are the age groups with the higher level of participation in recreation or competitive sports. International studies have demonstrated that approximately 1:250.000 adolescents die during the practice of sports. Of these, 50 percent had a prodrome 24 hours before the event and 75 percent had an underlying cardiovascular disease. Therefore, adolescents should be screened for cardiovascular diseases prior to their engagement in sports. This review gives a scientific approach to this issue, usually oversized by mass media. It also analyzes and reports international governmental strategies and practical tools for the clinician that must perform this type of screening.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Sports , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Physical Examination/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La influenza es una enfermedad de las vías respiratorias causada por un virus extremadamente contagioso; existen tres tipos diferentes de virus (A; B; C) los cuales pueden mutar (cambiar); y existen varios subtipos. Es más frecuente en otoño e invierno. Es importante porque afecta a todas las edades; y en mutaciones importantes del virus suele causar complicaciones graves e incluso la muerte en un gran número de personas; frecuentemente niños y ancianos. La influenza no es lo mismo que un resfriado común aunque ambas son enfermedades respiratorias agudas y tienen síntomas comunes; el microorganismo que causa la Influenza es diferente al que causa el resfriado o gripe común. El pasado 23 de abril fue el día crítico; en donde México se convirtió en el centro de la atención mundial por un brote de influenza atípica declarado como epidemia por el secretario de Salud; José Ángel Córdova Villalobos. La influenza tipo A H1N1 es un virus al cual todos somos susceptibles sin embargo; las mujeres embarazadas son más propensas a ser hospitalizadas por las complicaciones de la influenza en comparación a mujeres no embarazadas de la misma edad. El embarazo cambia el sistema inmune en la madre; al igual que puede afectar el corazón y los pulmones. Estos cambios pueden poner a la mujer embarazada en alto riesgo de complicaciones por causa de la influenza. Ante la mayor sensibilidad que existe entre las mujeres embarazadas; el Secretario de Salud sostuvo la importancia de fortalecer las medidas de precaución en las gestantes no exponiéndose a lugares públicos y en cuanto a las trabajadoras; no acudir a laborar para evitar contagios.
Influenza is a disease of the respiratory routes caused by an extremely contagious virus, exist three types different from virus (To, B, C) which can muter (to change), and exist several subtypes. He is more frequent in autumn and winter. It is important because it affects all the ages, and in important mutations of the virus usually it even causes to serious complications and the death in a great number of people, young and frequently old. Influenza is not just like a common cold although both are acute respiratory diseases and have common symptoms, the microorganism that causes the Influenza is different from which it causes the common cold. The past 23 of April were the critical day. The situation already was inocultable, not only for the Mexican population, but especially for international the sanitary authorities. Mexico became in center of the world-wide attention by an atypical bud of influenza that this day was declared as epidemic in press conference and connects national, by the secretary of Health, Jose Angel Cordova Villalobos. Influenza virus is a type AH1N1 to which everyone is susceptible, however pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized for complications of influenza compared to nonpregnant women of the same age. Pregnancy changes in the mother's immune system, as it can affect the heart and lungs, these changes may put pregnant women at high risk for complications, and the Health Secretary said the importance of strengthening measures caution in pregnant women not to attend crowded places and not come to work to prevent infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Aged , Nursing , Pregnancy , Influenza, Human , Primary Prevention , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeABSTRACT
Porphobilinogen oxygenase oxidizes porphobilinogen to 2-hydroxy-5-oxo-porphobilinogen. This enzyme isolated from wheat germ has been purified to homogeneity, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions. The molecular weight of the enzyme formed from two identical (or very similar) polypeptide chains is 70,000. It has a pI of 9.0 indicating its cationic nature. The pure enzyme contains 1 mol of high-spin heme and 2 mol of non-heme iron. It requires both of these as well as molecular O2 and a reducing agent for catalytic activity. Although the enzyme has many characteristics of a peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide cannot substitute for oxygen and dithionite for catalysis. The catalytic reaction is not affected by catalase, superoxide dismutase, or by hydroxyl radical scavengers. A comparison between porphobilinogen oxygenase and a commercial preparation of horseradish peroxidase was made. The latter also catalyzes aerobic porphobilinogen oxidation, with dithionite as electron donor. Here the oxidation of porphobilinogen is inhibited by superoxide dismutase and was not affected by catalase.