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1.
Surg Neurol Int ; 8: 168, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28840072

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system, caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is endemic to certain parts of the world, including Central America, South America, Asia, and Africa. The racemose form, characterized by extraparenchymal location, increased morbidity and mortality, and large loculated cystic lesions, is rarely seen in industrialized countries, such as the United States. The management of racemose neurocysticercosis (RNCC) differs from that of the typical parenchymal variant. The ideal course of treatment is debated by experts, but typically includes either surgical intervention with subsequent medical therapy or medical therapy alone. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the case of a 34-year-old male diagnosed with RNCC and treated successfully with surgical cyst drainage, resection, and subsequent medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Currently, no standardized evidence-based protocol exists that dictate appropriate treatment for extraparenchymal or racemose NCC. We present a case of RNCC treated successfully with surgical and medical intervention. Further research encompassing well-designed clinical trials is necessary to delineate appropriate and standardized protocols for treatment of this disease.

2.
J Gastrointest Cancer ; 45(2): 234-8, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24699986

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The incidence of anal cancer is increasing, particularly among HIV and men who have sex with men (MSM) groups. The vast majority of cases are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection. Epidemiological studies have also documented low survival, which might be linked to lack of appropriate screening, access, and utilization of pertinent health care services. Our objective was to assess the relative survival (1 and 3 years) of anal cancer in Puerto Rico for men and women during the period from 2000-2007. METHODS: All histological types of cancer of anus, anal canal, and anorectum (ICD-O-3 codes C210-C218), except for sarcomas, were included. Relative survival was estimated with the use of life tables from the population of Puerto Rico. In addition, the excess survival was compared by age at diagnosis, histology, and stage (defined as local, regional, or distant), using the Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The overall 3-year relative survival in Puerto Rico was the same (53 %) for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings establish baseline survival data for anal cancer in Hispanics from Puerto Rico. Since now, the national guidelines for anal cancer screening and treatment are on their way to be determined; baseline information about survival will allow monitoring the efficacy that standardized screening programs may eventually have in increasing anal cancer survival in this population.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Aged , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Incidence , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Survival Rate , Time Factors
3.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 7(11): 7789-94, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25550817

ABSTRACT

Ependymoma is a slowly growing tumor in children and young adults originating from the wall of the ventricles or from the spinal canal that is composed of neoplastic ependymal cells. Tanycytic ependymoma is a rare variant of ependymoma usually arising in the intra medullary spine. The World Health Organization classifies the tanycytic ependymoma as a grade II tumor. The diagnosis of tanycytic ependymoma is challenging since the morphology of the lesions resemble those found in schwannoma and astrocytomas. In the present study, we show a case of a 76 years old male with a progressive paraparesis for 8 years, due to a spinal tumor. Radiological and histological studies were used to classify the tumor as tanycytic ependymoma. Therefore, it is important to be aware of tanycytic ependymoma and its immunohistochemistry profile in older patients, especially within the Caribbean Hispanic population. To our knowledge this is the oldest patient known to have this rare tumor and the first case reported in Puerto Rico.


Subject(s)
Ependymoglial Cells/pathology , Ependymoma/pathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Ependymoma/surgery , Humans , Laminectomy , Lumbar Vertebrae , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Puerto Rico , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae , Treatment Outcome
4.
P R Health Sci J ; 32(2): 76-81, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23781623

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Anal cancer is a rare tumor that is associated with oncogenic HPV genotypes. This study aims to compare the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of anal cancer incidence and mortality in men and women living in Puerto Rico (PR) with those of non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), and Hispanics (USH) living in the continental United States (US). METHODS: ASRs were calculated based on cancer data that came from the PR Cancer Central Registry and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The age-specific relative risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Comparing the period of 2001 to 2004 to that of 1992 to 1996, the incidence of anal cancer increased among NHW, NHB, and PR men. In females, an increase in the incidence was observed for all racial groups except for Puerto Rican women. When evaluating findings by age groups, Puerto Rican men younger than 60 years old had a 20% higher incidence of anal cancer than did USH men of the same age strata (RR: 2.20; 95% CI = 1.48-3.29). However, Puerto Rican females had a lower incidence of anal cancer than NHW and NHB women. An increased percent change in mortality was observed only in NHW and NHB men. A decreasing trend was observed in all racial/ethnic groups except for NHW women. CONCLUSION: Our results support the notion that there are racial/ethnic differences in anal cancer incidence and mortality, with potential disparities among men and women in PR compared with USH men and women. Given the increasing incidence trends in anal cancer, particularly among PR, NHW, and NHB men, further investigation is needed to better elucidate screening practices that can aid in the prevention of anal cancer.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anus Neoplasms/ethnology , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Black People/statistics & numerical data , Confidence Intervals , Female , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Morbidity/trends , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Puerto Rico/ethnology , Registries , Risk , Sex Distribution , United States/epidemiology , Vulnerable Populations , White People/statistics & numerical data
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