Mexican Traditional Plant-Foods: Polyphenols Bioavailability, Gut Microbiota Metabolism and Impact Human Health.

Functional foods have been used worldwide since ancient times, particularly, the prehispanic civilizations used several plants as medicinal foods. Nowadays, many Mexicans populations preserve their traditions and dietary patterns based on corn, beans, besides other endemic vegetables, mainly diverse varieties of chili, tomatoes and other plant-foods. It is well known that each species has a special complex mixture of bioactive compounds (BC) in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. These BC are plant metabolites that benefit human health by means of anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, it becomes bioactive at human body when these BC must undergo diverse intestinal transformations, due to the action of digestive enzymes, but also by the action of microbiota metabolism. Thus, the intestinal microbiota is the key factor in the mediation of the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. In fact, limited information is available, especially on dietary phytochemicals and metabolism in commonly available Mexican plant-foods. In this review, the bioaccesibility and bioavailability major BC from traditional Mexican plant-foods products and its potential health benefits will be discussed. Besides, we compile the scientific reports and the evidence of the impact of some Mexican plant-foods on the gut microbiota dynamic composition, specific microbial metabolites and its possible contributions to human health.

Diagnóstico de lumbalgia en estudiantes universitarios del área de salud en Tepic, Nayarit / Diagnosis of low back pain in university students in health department in Tepic, Nayarit

Resumen La lumbalgia es una sensación de dolor y malestar por debajo de la zona lumbar, ocasionando una discapacidad parcial o total. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de lumbalgia en estudiantes universitarios de Tepic Nayarit México. Se eligieron estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Nutrición y Fisioterapia, participando 90 los cuales 45 de cada profesión, quienes llenaron un cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka sobre padecimiento de lumbalgia relacionados con el tiempo que se encontraban en la escuela y sus actividades fuera de ella. El dolor de espalda prevaleció en los estudiantes de Nutrición (77.77%). La mala postura se adopta comúnmente en las clases. El 31.11% de los estudiantes de nutrición usan el respaldo de la butaca de manera ocasional y el 44.22% los de Fisioterapia lo utilizan de manera constante y ocasional. El 42.22% de los estudiantes tienen una posición normal al momento de escribir y el 33.33% en apoyo. Las posturas fueron un factor determinante para padecer el dolor lumbar en los estudiantes de ambas licenciaturas. La percepción dolorosa en la zona lumbar se debió por la malas medidas ergonomícas del mobiliario y las butacas no se contaban adaptadas a la complexión de la mayoría de los estudiantes.

Abstract Low back pain is a sensation of pain and discomfort below the lumbar area. This pain is caused by various factors causing a partial or total disability. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of low back pain in university students of Tepic Nayarit Mexico. It presents a study of prevalence of low back pain in students of the Nutrition physiotherapy. 90 students participated, 45 of each profession, who, after obtaining their informed consent, completed a questionnaire on the condition of low back pain related to the time found in the school and its activities outside it, based on the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire. Back pain prevailed in nutrition degree students (77.77%). Bad posture is commonly adopted in classes. The 31.11% of the nutrition degree students use the seat back occasionally, while the 44.22% of physiotherapy degree use it in a constant and occasional way. The 42.22% of students have a normal position at the time of writing and 33.33% in support. The postures were a determining factor for suffering lumbar pain. The students of the Nutrition degree and the Physiotherapy degree were prone to suffer it and most of them had a painful perception in the lumbar area, by the bad measures ergonomics of the furniture in the university and because they were not. They had seats adapted to the complexion, stature and manner of writing of most students.

Lipidomic and Antioxidant Response to Grape Seed, Corn and Coconut Oils in Healthy Wistar Rats.

Specialty oils differ in fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant content, impacting their benefits for cardiovascular health. The lipid (fatty acid, phytosterol) and antioxidant (total phenolics, radical scavenging capacity) profiles of grapeseed (GSO), corn (CO) and coconut (CNO) oils and their physiological (triacylglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in serum and fatty acid and phytosterol hepatic deposition) and genomic (HL, LCAT, ApoA-1 and SR-BP1 mRNA hepatic levels) responses after their sub-chronic intake (10% diet for 28 days) was examined in healthy albino rats. Fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant profiles differed between oils (p ≤ 0.01). Serum and hepatic triacylglycerides and total cholesterol increased (p ≤ 0.01); serum HDL-Cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05); but serum FRAP did not differ (p > 0.05) in CNO-fed rats as compared to CO or GSO groups. Hepatic phytosterol deposition was higher (+2.2 mg/g; p ≤ 0.001) in CO- than GSO-fed rats, but their fatty acid deposition was similar. All but ApoA-1 mRNA level increased in GSO-fed rats as compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.01). Hepatic fatty acid handling, but not antioxidant response, nor hepatic phytosterol deposition, could be related to a more efficient reverse-cholesterol transport in GSO-fed rats as compared to CO or CNO.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the polyphenols and antioxidant activity of plantain pulp (Musa paradisiaca AAB).

BACKGROUND: The impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the polyphenol (PP) content and antioxidant activity (AOX) of plantain pulp was evaluated. Pressures of 400, 500 and 600 MPa were applied to plantain pulp for 90 and 180 s at room temperature (25 °C). Polyphenoloxidase activity, extractable (EPP) and non-extractable PP (NEPP) contents, flavonoid content and AOX (FRAP, ABTS•+ ) were evaluated. In addition, PP identification was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Polyphenoloxidase activity was inhibited after HPP under all of the conditions studied. Increases of 110.80% and 137.40% in EPP content under conditions of 500 MPa/180 s and 600 MPa/90 s were observed with a simultaneous improvement in the AOX with increments of up to 128.71%. The treatment under conditions of 500 MPa/90 s had the highest total PP content, including the highest content of flavonoids (0.22 g ellagic acid equivalents kg-1 dry weight) and the proportion of NEPP that contained hydrolysable PPs (91.12 g gallic acid equivalents kg-1 dry weight with high AOX. The identified PPs included catechin, quercetin, gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids. CONCLUSION: HPP performed at a room temperature can be used for improving the total content of PP compounds in plantain pulp under specific pressure and time conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Bioaccessibility of polyphenols associated with dietary fiber and in vitro kinetics release of polyphenols in Mexican 'Ataulfo' mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products.

The biological properties of polyphenol (PP) depend on its bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Therefore, part of PP released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal tract through enzymatic hydrolysis is at least partially absorbed. The aim of this study is to determine the bioaccessibility of PP associated with dietary fiber (DF) and the kinetics release of PP in mango (Mangifera indica L.) 'Ataulfo' by-products by an in vitro model. Soluble and insoluble DF values were 7.99 and 18.56% in the mango paste and 6.98 and 22.78% in the mango peel, respectively. PP associated with soluble and insoluble DF was 6.0 and 3.73 g GAE per 100 g in the paste and 4.72 and 4.50 g GAE per 100 g in the peel. The bioaccessibility of PP was 38.67% in the pulp paste and 40.53% in the peel. A kinetics study shows a release rate of 2.66 and 3.27 g PP min(-1) in the paste and peel, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the paste increased as digestion reached a value of 2.87 mmol TE min(-1) at 180 min. The antioxidant capacity of the peel had its maximum (28.94 mmol TE min(-1)) between 90 and 120 min of digestion; it started with a value of 2.58 mmol TE min(-1), and thereafter increased to 4.20 mmol TE min(-1) at 180 min. The major PPs released during the digestion of paste were gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids, while in the peel, they were hydroxycinnamic and vanillic acids. It was concluded that these phenolic compounds are readily available for absorption in the small intestine and exert different potential health benefits.

[Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of typically consumed species in Mexico]. / Compuestos polifenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de especias típicas consumidas en México.

Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health.

Las especias son plantas aromáticas que han sido utilizadas ampliamente en México para preservar o sazonar diversos alimentos, aunque también se han usado como remedios herbolarios para curar algunas enfermedades. Las propiedades culinarias y medicinales de las especias han sido atribuidas a diversos componentes, entre ellos los fitoquímicos. De estos últimos, los compuestos polifenólicos han sido ampliamente estudiados por el efecto contra enfermedades crónico degenerativas que se les atribuye, posiblemente por su capacidad antioxidante. El estudio de la capacidad antioxidante de las especias mexicanas abre puertas a nuevas investigaciones sobre los posibles beneficios de estas especias en la salud humana. El presente trabajo presenta las principales investigaciones sobre los potenciales efectos beneficiosos de las especias tradicionales mexicanas en la salud humana.

Compuestos polifenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de especias típicas consumidas en México / Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of typically consumed species in Mexico

Las especias son plantas aromáticas que han sido utilizadas ampliamente en México para preservar o sazonar diversos alimentos, aunque también se han usado como remedios herbolarios para curar algunas enfermedades. Las propiedades culinarias y medicinales de las especias han sido atribuidas a diversos componentes, entre ellos los fitoquímicos. De estos últimos, los compuestos polifenólicos han sido ampliamente estudiados por el efecto contra enfermedades crónico degenerativas que se les atribuye, posiblemente por su capacidad antioxidante. El estudio de la capacidad antioxidante de las especias mexicanas abre puertas a nuevas investigaciones sobre los posibles beneficios de estas especias en la salud humana. El presente trabajo presenta las principales investigaciones sobre los potenciales efectos beneficiosos de las especias tradicionales mexicanas en la salud humana (AU)

Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health (AU)