Dual view deep learning for enhanced breast cancer screening using mammography.

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among women in Ethiopia compared to other types of cancer. Unfortunately, many cases are detected at a stage where a cure is delayed or not possible. To address this issue, mammography-based screening is widely accepted as an effective technique for early detection. However, the interpretation of mammography images requires experienced radiologists in breast imaging, a resource that is limited in Ethiopia. In this research, we have developed a model to assist radiologists in mass screening for breast abnormalities and prioritizing patients. Our approach combines an ensemble of EfficientNet-based classifiers with YOLOv5, a suspicious mass detection method, to identify abnormalities. The inclusion of YOLOv5 detection is crucial in providing explanations for classifier predictions and improving sensitivity, particularly when the classifier fails to detect abnormalities. To further enhance the screening process, we have also incorporated an abnormality detection model. The classifier model achieves an F1-score of 0.87 and a sensitivity of 0.82. With the addition of suspicious mass detection, sensitivity increases to 0.89, albeit at the expense of a slightly lower F1-score of 0.79.

Outcomes of Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer in Patients Aged >80 Years: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis examined the surgical management of older patients (>80 years) with gastric cancer, who were often excluded from randomized controlled trials. We analyzed 23 retrospective cohort studies involving 18,372 patients and found that older patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (relative risk [RR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-7.17; P<0.01) and more post-operative complications (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19-1.56; P<0.01) than did younger patients. However, the surgical complications were similar between the two groups. Older patients were more likely to undergo less extensive lymph node dissection and longer hospital stays. Although older patients had statistically significant post-operative medical complications, they were not deprived of surgery for gastric cancer. The comorbidities and potential risks of post-operative complications should be carefully evaluated in older patients, highlighting the importance of careful patient selection. Overall, this meta-analysis provides recommendations for the surgical management of older patients with gastric cancer. Careful patient selection and evaluation of comorbidities should be performed to minimize the risk of post-operative complications in older patients, while recognizing that they should not be deprived of surgery for gastric cancer.

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Like in all populations of the world, recently, diabetes became serious health problem in Ethiopian population, as indicated by few community- and institution-based studies. As high as 6.5% diabetes prevalence was reported in Addis Ababa while 5.1% in urban setting and 2.1% in rural setting of Northwest Ethiopia have been reported. This study aimed to provide additional data on the magnitude of diabetes and associated risk factors. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes in Bona District and identify contributing risk factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cross-sectional community based survey for diabetes and associated factors was done from February-June, 2016 on a total of 2670 participants in the age range of 15-110 years. Participants were recruited to the study by using a two-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire from consented participants. Data were entered, checked for quality and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20.0. Since the outcome variable was ordered categorical, we used ordinal regression model to identify associated factors. There was no multicollinearity among the independent variables included in the model. All the independent variables with p<0.25 during bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate model. The level of significance was set at P value < 0.05. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabetes (1.9%) from our survey was so high in rural setting that prevention and control mechanisms should be designed. The risk factors include advanced age (ß=1.04(0.57-1.50)), systolic hypertension (ß=0.59(0.01-1.18)), high waist circumference (ß=0.86(0.34-1.39)) and postsecondary education (ß=0.87(0.03-1.71)).