Post-mortem findings in Spanish patients with COVID-19; a special focus on superinfections.

Introduction: Whole-body autopsies may be crucial to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. We aimed to analyze pathological findings in a large series of full-body autopsies, with a special focus on superinfections. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter study that included 70 COVID-19 autopsies performed between April 2020 and February 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological information was collected using a standardized case report form. Results: Median (IQR) age was 70 (range 63.75-74.25) years and 76% of cases were males. Most patients (90%,) had at least one comorbidity prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, with vascular risk factors being the most frequent. Infectious complications were developed by 65.71% of the patients during their follow-up. Mechanical ventilation was required in most patients (75.71%) and was mainly invasive. In multivariate analyses, length of hospital stay and invasive mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with infections (p = 0.036 and p = 0.013, respectively). Necropsy findings revealed diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs, left ventricular hypertrophy in the heart, liver steatosis and pre-infection arteriosclerosis in the heart and kidneys. Conclusion: Our study confirms the main necropsy histopathological findings attributed to COVID-19 in a large patient series, while underlining the importance of both comorbid conditions and superinfections in the pathology.

Immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in older adults living in nursing homes: A real-life study / Inmunogenicidad, efectividad y seguridad de la vacuna COVID-19 en adultos mayores que viven en hogares geriátricos: un estudio de la vida real

Introduction: BNT162b2 (BioNTech and Pfizer) is a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine that provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and is generally well tolerated. However, data about its efficacy, immunogenicity and safety in people of old age or with underlying chronic conditions are scarce. Purpose: To describe BNT162b2 (BioNTech and Pfizer) COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity, effectiveness and reactogenicity after complete vaccination (two doses), and immunogenicity and reactogenicity after one booster, in elders residing in nursing homes (NH) and healthy NH workers in real-life conditions. Methods: Observational, ambispective, multicenter study. Older adults and health workers were recruited from three nursing homes of a private hospital corporation located in three Spanish cities. The primary vaccination was carried out between January and March 2021. The follow-up was 13 months. Humoral immunity, adverse events, SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and deaths were evaluated. Cellular immunity was assessed in a participant subset. Results: A total of 181 residents (mean age 84.1 years; 89.9% females, Charlson index ≥2: 45%) and 148 members of staff (mean age 45.2 years; 70.2% females) were surveyed (n:329). After primary vaccination of 327 participants, vaccine response in both groups was similar; ≈70% of participants, regardless of the group, had an antibody titer above the cut-off considered currently protective (260BAU/ml). This proportion increased significantly to ≈ 98% after the booster (p<0.0001 in both groups). Immunogenicity was largely determined by a prior history of COVID-19 infection. Twenty residents and 3 workers were tested for cellular immunity. There was evidence of cellular immunity after primary vaccination and after booster. (AU)

Introducción: La vacuna BNT162b2 (BioNTech y Pfizer) es una vacuna de ARNm modificado con nucleósidos que proporcionó protección contra la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 y generalmente fue bien tolerada. Sin embargo, los datos sobre su efectividad y seguridad en personas de edad avanzada o con enfermedades crónicas subyacentes son escasos. Objetivo: Describir la inmunogenicidad, efectividad y seguridad de esta vacuna tras la vacunación completa (dos dosis), y la inmunogenicidad y reactogenicidad tras un refuerzo, en ancianos residentes en hogares geriátricos y trabajadores sanos de estos lugares en condiciones reales. Métodos: Estudio observacional, ambispectivo y multicéntrico. Se reclutaron ancianos y trabajadores sanitarios de tres hogares geriátricos de ancianos de un grupo hospitalario de entidad privada situados en tres ciudades españolas. La vacunación primaria se realizó entre enero y marzo de 2021. El seguimiento fue de 13 meses. Se evaluó la inmunidad humoral, los eventos adversos, las infecciones por SARS-CoV-2, las hospitalizaciones y las muertes. Se evaluó la inmunidad celular en un subconjunto de participantes. Resultados: Se registraron datos de 181 residentes (edad promedio 84,1 años; 89,9% mujeres, índice de Charlson ≥2: 45%) y 148 trabajadores (edad promedio 45,2 años; 70,2% mujeres) (n:329). Tras la primera dosis a 327 de los participantes, la respuesta a la vacuna en ambos grupos fue similar; ≈70% de los participantes, independientemente del grupo, tuvieron un título de anticuerpos por encima del corte considerado actualmente como protector (260 BAU/ml). Esta proporción aumentó significativamente a ≈ 98% después del refuerzo (p<0,0001 en ambos grupos). La inmunogenicidad se determinó en gran medida por los antecedentes de infección por COVID-19. Se analizó la inmunidad celular de 20 residentes y 3 trabajadores. Hubo evidencia de inmunidad celular después de la vacunación primaria y después del refuerzo. (AU)

Immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in older adults living in nursing homes: A real-life study.

INTRODUCTION: BNT162b2 (BioNTech and Pfizer) is a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine that provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and is generally well tolerated. However, data about its efficacy, immunogenicity and safety in people of old age or with underlying chronic conditions are scarce. PURPOSE: To describe BNT162b2 (BioNTech and Pfizer) COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity, effectiveness and reactogenicity after complete vaccination (two doses), and immunogenicity and reactogenicity after one booster, in elders residing in nursing homes (NH) and healthy NH workers in real-life conditions. METHODS: Observational, ambispective, multicenter study. Older adults and health workers were recruited from three nursing homes of a private hospital corporation located in three Spanish cities. The primary vaccination was carried out between January and March 2021. The follow-up was 13 months. Humoral immunity, adverse events, SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and deaths were evaluated. Cellular immunity was assessed in a participant subset. RESULTS: A total of 181 residents (mean age 84.1 years; 89.9% females, Charlson index ≥2: 45%) and 148 members of staff (mean age 45.2 years; 70.2% females) were surveyed (n:329). After primary vaccination of 327 participants, vaccine response in both groups was similar; ≈70% of participants, regardless of the group, had an antibody titer above the cut-off considered currently protective (260BAU/ml). This proportion increased significantly to ≈ 98% after the booster (p<0.0001 in both groups). Immunogenicity was largely determined by a prior history of COVID-19 infection. Twenty residents and 3 workers were tested for cellular immunity. There was evidence of cellular immunity after primary vaccination and after booster. During the study, one resident was hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2. No SARS-CoV-2-related deaths were reported and most adverse events were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic, effective and safe in elderly NH residents with underlying chronic conditions.

In silico identification and in vitro expression analysis of breast cancer-related m6A-SNPs.

Research on m6A-associated SNPs (m6A-SNPs) has emerged recently due to their possible critical roles in many key biological processes. In this sense, several investigations have identified m6A-SNPs in different diseases. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the role that m6A-SNPs can play in breast cancer, we performed an in silico analysis to identify the m6A-SNPs associated with breast cancer and to evaluate their possible effects. For this purpose, we downloaded SNPs related to breast cancer and a list of m6A-SNPs from public databases in order to identify which ones appear in both. Subsequently, we assessed the identified m6A-SNPs in silico by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and differential gene expression analysis. We genotyped the m6A-SNPs found in the in silico analysis in 35 patients with breast cancer, and we carried out a gene expression analysis experimentally on those that showed differences. Our results identified 981 m6A-SNPs related to breast cancer. Four m6A-SNPs showed an eQTL effect and only three were in genes that presented an altered gene expression. When the three m6A-SNPs were evaluated in the tissue sample of our breast cancer patients, only the m6A-SNP rs76563149 located in ZNF354A gene presented differences in allele frequencies and a low gene expression in breast cancer tissues, especially in luminal B HER2+ subtype. Future investigations of these m6A-SNPs should expand the study in different ethnic groups and increase the sample sizes to test their association with breast cancer and elucidate their molecular function.

Progress toward Room-Temperature Synthesis and Functionalization of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles.

Novel magnetic nanohybrids composed of nanomaghemite covered by organic molecules were successfully synthesized at room temperature with different functionalization agents (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, oxalic acid, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) in low and high concentrations. Structural, vibrational, morphological, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, magnetic, and Mössbauer characterizations unraveled the presence of mainly cubic inverse spinel maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), whilst X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that most samples contain a minor amount of goethite phase (α-FeOOH). Raman analysis at different laser power revealed a threshold value of 0.83 mW for all samples, for which the γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 phase transition was observed. Imaging microscopy revealed controlled-size morphologies of nanoparticles, with sizes in the range from 8 to 12 nm. Organic functionalization of the magnetic nanoparticles was demonstrated by vibrational and thermogravimetric measurements. For some samples, Raman, magnetic, and Mössbauer measurements suggested an even more complex core-shell-like configuration, with a thin shell containing magnetite (Fe3O4) covering the γ-Fe2O3 surface, thus causing an increase in the saturation magnetization of approximately 11% against nanomaghemite. Field cooling hysteresis curves at 5 K did not evidence an exchange bias effect, confirming that the goethite phase is not directly interacting magnetically with the functionalized maghemite nanoparticles. These magnetic nanohybrids may be suitable for applications in effluent remediation and biomedicine.

Raman, TEM, EELS, and Magnetic Studies of a Magnetically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid following Exposure to Daphnia magna Biomarkers.

A ternary nanocomposite made of nanomaghemite, nanoanatase, and graphene oxide has been successfully synthesized using an inorganic coprecipitation approach, and it has been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and different spectrocopic techniques (electron energy loss, µ-Raman, and 57Fe Mössbauer) after interaction with an effluent containing Daphnia magna individuals. Specifically, the influence of the nanocomposite over the Daphnia magna carapace, administered in two doses (0.5 mg mL-1 and 1 mg mL-1), has been characterized using µ-Raman spectroscopy before and after laser burning protocols, producing information about the physicochemical interaction with the biomarker. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was found to be equal to 500 °C, where the nanoanatase and the nanomaghemite phases have respectively conserved their structural identities. The magnetic properties of the nanomaghemite have also been kept unchanged even after the high-temperature experiments and exposure to Daphnia magna. In particular, the size, texture, and structural and morphological properties of the ternary nanocomposite have not shown any significant physicochemical modifications after magnetic decantation recuperation. A significant result is that the graphene oxide reduction was kept even after the ecotoxicological assays. These sets of observations are based on the fact that while the UV-Vis spectrum has confirmed the graphene oxide reduction with a localized peak at 260 nm, the 300-K and 15-K 57Fe Mössbauer spectra have only revealed the presence of stoichiometric maghemite, i.e., the two well-defined static magnetic sextets often found in the bulk ferrimagnetic counterpart phase. The Mössbauer results have also agreed with the trivalent-like valence state of Fe ions, as also suggested by electron energy loss spectroscopy data. Thus, the ternary nanocomposite does not substantially affect the Daphnia magna, and it can be easily recovered using an ordinary magnetic decantation protocol due to the ferrimagnetic-like character of the nanomaghemite phase. Consequently, it shows remarkable physicochemical properties for further reuse, such as cleaning by polluted effluents, at least where Daphnia magna species are present.

Effectiveness of a medication adherence management intervention in a community pharmacy setting: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to medications continues to be a burden worldwide, with significant negative consequences. Community pharmacist interventions seem to be effective at improving medication adherence. However, more evidence is needed regarding their impact on disease-specific outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of a community pharmacist-led adherence management intervention on adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: A 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Spanish community pharmacies. Patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD were recruited. Patients in the intervention group received a medication adherence management intervention and the control group received usual care. The intervention was based on theoretical frameworks for changing patient behaviour. Medication adherence, disease-specific outcomes (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) scores and blood pressure levels) and disease control were evaluated. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Ninety-eight pharmacies and 1186 patients were recruited, with 1038 patients completing the study. Patients receiving the intervention had an OR of 5.12 (95% CI 3.20 to 8.20, p<0.05) of being adherent after the 6 months. At the end of the study, patients in the intervention group had lower diastolic blood pressure levels (mean difference (MD) -2.88, 95% CI -5.33 to -0.43, p=0.02), lower CCQ scores (MD -0.50, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.18, p<0.05) and lower ACQ scores (MD -0.28, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.00, p<0.05) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A community pharmacist-led medication adherence intervention was effective at improving medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD. Future research should explore the implementation of these interventions in routine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12618000410257.

Prognostic and therapeutic value of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive disease. Regardless of this heterogeneity, all patients receive the same first-line therapy, which fails in 30-40 % of patients, who are either refractory or relapse after remission. With the aim of stratifying patients to improve treatment outcome, different clinical and genetic biomarkers have been studied. The present systematic review aimed to identify somatic mutations that could serve as prognosis biomarkers or as therapeutic target mutations in DLBCL. Regarding their role as prognostic markers, mutations in CD58 and TP53 seem the most promising predictors of poor outcome although the combination of different alterations and other prognostic factors could be a more powerful strategy. On the other hand, different approaches regarding targeted therapy have been proposed. Therefore, mutational analysis could help guide treatment choice in DLBCL yet further studies and clinical trials are needed.

Assessing and measuring financial sustainability model of the Spanish HIV HGM BioBank.

BACKGROUND: The Spanish HIV HGM BioBank is of great relevance for basic and clinical investigation, and for those groups trying to establish large networks focused on investigation on specific clinical problems. The collection of different types of samples from HIV-infected individuals is the beginning of the chain of translational investigation, starting in 2004 a prospective national HIV BioBank that expanded in 2009 a local node (HGM: Hospital Gregorio Marañón) for diverse pathologies and clinical networks, not only in adults but also in paediatric patients, becoming the Spanish HIV HGM BioBank. Our main objective is to find a general criteria and analytical tools to widespread its economic management to assure their sustainability and the future exploitation of the extreme high valuable biomaterial they custody. METHODS: The Spanish HIV HGM BioBank was created with the aim of contributing to advance understanding of different pathologies through the transfer, management, register, processing, cryopreservation and cession of biological material from patients, always for research purposes and under conditions that guarantee its usefulness in current studies and future research that may appear as knowledge evolves. In this study, we have developed a policy for financial control and recovery costs of the Spanish HIV HGM BioBank. RESULTS: Actually, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank guards 413,747 vials of 46,594 samples from 16,210 donors with various prospective longitudinal study type of samples. Interestingly, more than 7907 of these samples are now used in 28 national and international investigation projects and clinical trials. One of the objectives of this study is to develop an economic plan that you get future projects, design of acceptance or rejection keys, have internal investment limits, minimum recovery needs in short/medium term, deviation detection system and a register of capital recovery by period and type of service for the Spanish HIV HGM BioBank. CONCLUSION: Our model can help BioBanks that do not have a costs recovery model to design it, as well as to detect improves and functional revisions to those experienced in this field.

Miki (Mitotic Kinetics Regulator) Immunoexpression in Normal Liver, Cirrhotic Areas and Hepatocellular Carcinomas: a Preliminary Study with Clinical Relevance.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary malignant tumor in the liver. One of the main features of cancer survival is the generalized loss of growth control exhibited by cancer cells, and Miki is a protein related to the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in mitosis. We aim to study protein expression levels of Miki in non-tumoral liver and 20 HCCs recruited from a Pathology Department. Clinical information was also obtained. A tissue microarray was performed, and immunohistochemical techniques applied to study protein expression levels of Miki. In normal liver, Miki was weakly expressed, showing nuclear staining in the hepatocytes. Cirrhotic areas and HCCs showed a variety of staining patterns. Most HCC samples showed positive expression, with three different staining patterns being discernible: nuclear, cytoplasmic and mixed. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between grade of differentiation, Ki-67 proliferative index, survival rates and staining patterns. This study has revealed the positive expression of Miki in normal liver, cirrhotic areas and HCCs. Three different staining patterns of Miki expression with clinical relevance were noted in HCCs.

Establishing cut-off points with clinical relevance for bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, p21, p27, p53, Sox11 and WT1 expression in glioblastoma - a short report.

PURPOSE: Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most challenging cancers to treat and there is an urgent need for clinically relevant prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we set out to investigate the expression of eight proteins (bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, p21, p27, p53, Sox11 and WT1) in GBM with the specific aim to establish immunohistochemistry cut-off points with clinical relevance. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine protein expression in 55 surgical GBM specimens using H-scores, and IHC cut-off points were established using the Cutoff Finder web platform. Protein co-expression and its correlation with histopathological features were assessed, and cases were classified according to IDH1 mutation status. Survival curves were determined using Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: Clinical and molecular parameters found to be correlated with overall survival (OS) were tumor size (r = -0.278; p = 0.048), p53 (r = -0.452; p = 0.001), p16 (r = 0.351; p = 0.012) and Sox11 (r = 0.324; p = 0.020). In addition, we found that tumor size correlated with cyclin D1 (r = -0.282; p = 0.037), p53 (r = 0.269; p = 0.041), Sox11 (r = -0.309; p = 0.022) and WT1 (r = -0.372; p = 0.003). Variables found to be significantly associated with IDH1 mutation status were OS (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.01), cyclin D1 (p = 0.046), p16 (p = 0.019) and Sox11 (p = 0.012). Variables found to be significantly associated with a poor survival were tumor size >5 cm (p < 0.001), bcl-2 score > 40 (p = 0.034), cyclin D1 score ≤ 70 (p = 0.004), p16 score ≤ 130 (p = 0.005), p53 score > 20 (p = 0.003), Sox11 score ≤ 40 (p < 0.001) and WT1 score ≤ 270 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between protein biomarkers and main clinical GBM variables were identified. The establishment of distinct biomarker cut-off points may enable clinicians and pathologists to better weigh their prognostic value.

Brains with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and copathology showed a prolonged end-stage of disease.

AIMS: To investigate the expression of major proteins related to primary neurodegenerative diseases and their prognostic significance in brains with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive cases of confirmed CJD during the period 2010-2015 at Basque Brain bank were retrospectively reviewed. Moreover, major neurodegenerative-associated proteins (phosphorylated Tau, 4R tau, 3R tau, alpha-synuclein, TDP43, amyloid beta) were tested. Clinical data were reviewed. Cases were divided according to the presence or absence of copathology. Survival curves were also determined. RESULTS: Copathology was significantly associated with survival in brains with CJD (4.2±1.2 vs 9.2±1.9; P=0.019) and in brains with MM1/MV1 CJD (2.1±1.0 vs 6.7±2.8; P=0.012). Besides, the presence of more than one major neurodegenerative-associated protein was significantly associated with survival (4.2±1.2 vs 10.7±2.6; P=0.017). Thus, univariate analyses further pointed out variables significantly associated with better survival: copathology in CJD (HR=0.430; P=0.033); more than one neurodegenerative-associated protein in CJD (HR=0.369; P=0.036) and copathology in MM1/MV1 CJD (HR=0.525; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: The existence of copathology significantly prolongs survival in patients with rapidly progressive dementia due to CJD. The study of major neurodegenerative-associated proteins in brains with CJD could allow us to further understand the molecular mechanisms behind prion diseases.

Categoría de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular / The category of risk for cardiovascular disease

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son de gran importancia como causa de muerte para la humanidad y constituyen la primera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados actualmente. El control de los factores de riesgo es un elemento imprescindible para la prevención de estas enfermedades. La mejor herramienta para establecer prioridades en prevención primaria cardiovascular es la estimación del riesgo de desarrollarlas. Objetivo: describir la categoría de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en individuos con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 79 años. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 335 personas pertenecientes al área atendida por el consultorio 7 del Policlínico: Aleida Fernández Chardiet del municipio La Lisa en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre 2015 y junio 2016. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales, cálculo de desviación estándar y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: el sexo más afectado por el riesgo cardiovascular moderado - alto, fue el masculino, con 36 personas (10,8 por ciento). Predominó en sentido general en toda la población el riesgo cardiovascular global bajo, presente en el 81,8 por ciento, seguido del riesgo moderado presente en el 12,9 por ciento. Conclusiones: la mayoría de la población presentó un riesgo cardiovascular global bajo. El riesgo cardiovascular moderado - alto afectó en mayor frecuencia a los pacientes con edad entre 70 y 79 años, a los del sexo masculino y a la mayoría de los pacientes diabéticos(AU)

Introduction: The cardiovascular diseases, are of great importance like cause of death for the humanity and they constitute the first cause of death in the developed countries at the moment. The control of the risk factors is an indispensable element for the prevention of these illnesses. The best tool to establish priorities in primary cardiovascular prevention is the estimation of the risk of developing them. Objective: To describe the category of risk of cardiovascular diseases in persons with ages understood among 40 and 79 years of a Doctor's Office number 7 of Policlinic: Aleida Fernández Chardiet of the municipality Lisa, from November 2015 to June 2016. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in persons with ages among 40 and 79 years. The studied population was constituted by 335 people. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, standard deviation and measures of central tendency were used. Results: The sex more affected by the cardiovascular risk moderate-high, it constituted by the masculine with 36 people (10,8 percent of the total of studied people). It prevailed in general sense in the whole population the cardiovascular global risk low, present in 81,8 percent of the total, followed by the risk moderate present in 12,9 percent of the total. Conclusions: Most of the population presented a cardiovascular global risk low. The cardiovascular risk moderate-high it affected in more frequency to the patients with aged among 70 and 79 years, to those of the masculine sex and most of the diabetic patients(AU)

Categoría de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular / The category of risk for cardiovascular disease

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son de gran importancia como causa de muerte para la humanidad y constituyen la primera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados actualmente. El control de los factores de riesgo es un elemento imprescindible para la prevención de estas enfermedades. La mejor herramienta para establecer prioridades en prevención primaria cardiovascular es la estimación del riesgo de desarrollarlas. Objetivo: describir la categoría de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en individuos con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 79 años. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 335 personas pertenecientes al área atendida por el consultorio 7 del Policlínico: Aleida Fernández Chardiet del municipio La Lisa en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre 2015 y junio 2016. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales, cálculo de desviación estándar y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: el sexo más afectado por el riesgo cardiovascular moderado - alto, fue el masculino, con 36 personas (10,8 por ciento). Predominó en sentido general en toda la población el riesgo cardiovascular global bajo, presente en el 81,8 por ciento, seguido del riesgo moderado presente en el 12,9 por ciento. Conclusiones: la mayoría de la población presentó un riesgo cardiovascular global bajo. El riesgo cardiovascular moderado - alto afectó en mayor frecuencia a los pacientes con edad entre 70 y 79 años, a los del sexo masculino y a la mayoría de los pacientes diabéticos(AU)

Introduction: The cardiovascular diseases, are of great importance like cause of death for the humanity and they constitute the first cause of death in the developed countries at the moment. The control of the risk factors is an indispensable element for the prevention of these illnesses. The best tool to establish priorities in primary cardiovascular prevention is the estimation of the risk of developing them. Objective: To describe the category of risk of cardiovascular diseases in persons with ages understood among 40 and 79 years of a Doctor's Office number 7 of Policlinic: Aleida Fernández Chardiet of the municipality Lisa, from November 2015 to June 2016. Methods : An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in persons with ages among 40 and 79 years. The studied population was constituted by 335 people. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, standard deviation and measures of central tendency were used. Results: The sex more affected by the cardiovascular risk moderate-high, it constituted by the masculine with 36 people (10,8 percent of the total of studied people). It prevailed in general sense in the whole population the cardiovascular global risk low, present in 81,8 percent of the total, followed by the risk moderate present in 12,9 percent of the total. Conclusions: Most of the population presented a cardiovascular global risk low. The cardiovascular risk moderate-high it affected in more frequency to the patients with aged among 70 and 79 years, to those of the masculine sex and most of the diabetic patients(AU)

Upregulated Expression of Heparanase and Heparanase 2 in the Brains of Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) promote amyloid-ß peptide and tau fibrillization in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and provide resistance against proteolytic breakdown. Heparanase (HPSE) is the only enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS). Heparanase 2 (HPSE2) lacks HS-degrading activity, although it is able to interact with HS with high affinity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze HPSE and HPSE2 expressions at different stages of AD. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to analyze transcription levels of both heparanases at different stages of AD, and immunohistochemistry was performed to localize each one in different parts of the brain. RESULTS: Both proteins appeared overexpressed at different stages of AD. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the presence of the heparanases was related to AD pathology, with intracellular deposits found in degenerated neurons. At the extracellular level, HPSE was observed only in neuritic plaques with a fragmented core, while HPSE2 appeared in those with compact cores as well. CONCLUSION: Given the involvement of HSPGs in AD pathology, there would seem to be a relationship between the regulation of heparanase expression, the features of the disease, and a possible therapeutic alternative.

Nucleophilic Additions to Coordinated 1,10-Phenanthroline: Intramolecular, Intermolecular, Reversible, and Irreversible.

KN(SiMe3 )2 reacts with [Re(CO)3 (phen)(PMe3 )]OTf via reversible addition to the phen ligand and irreversible deprotonation of the PMe3 ligand followed by intramolecular attack to phen by the deprotonated phosphane, whereas MeLi irreversibly adds to phen. The addition of MeLi has been shown to be intermolecular, unlike previously known nucleophilic additions to pyridines.