ABSTRACT
In vivo fate of nanomaterials is influenced by the particle size among other parameters. Thus, Health Agencies have identified the size of nanomaterial as an essential physicochemical property to characterize. This parameter can be explored by dynamic light scattering (DLS) that is described in the ISO standard 22412:2008(E) and is one of the methods recognized by Health Agencies. However, no protocol of DLS size measurement has been validated over a large range of size so far. In this work, we propose an extension of validation of a protocol of size measurement by DLS previously validated with certified reference materials (CRM) at 60 and 203nm. The present work reports robustness, precision and trueness of this protocol that were investigated using CRM at 100 and 400nm. The protocol was robust, accurate and consistent with the ISO standard over the whole range of size that were considered. Expanded uncertainties were 4.4 and 3.6% for CRM at 100 and 400nm respectively indicating the reliability of the protocol. The range of application of the protocol previously applied to the size measurement of liposomes and polymer nanoparticles was extended to inorganic nanomaterial including silica nanoparticles.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Dynamic Light Scattering/methods , Particle SizeABSTRACT
Liquids exhibit specific properties when they are adsorbed in nanoporous structures. This is particularly true in the context of supercapacitors, for which an anomalous increase in performance has been observed for nanoporous electrodes. This enhancement has been traditionally attributed in experimental studies to the effect of confinement of the ions from the electrolyte inside sub-nanometre pores, which is accompanied by their partial desolvation. Here we perform molecular dynamics simulations of realistic supercapacitors and show that this picture is correct at the microscopic scale. We provide a detailed analysis of the various environments experienced by the ions. We pick out four different adsorption types, and we, respectively, label them as edge, planar, hollow and pocket sites upon increase of the coordination of the molecular species by carbon atoms from the electrode. We show that both the desolvation and the local charge stored on the electrode increase with the degree of confinement.
Subject(s)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/microbiology , Hand/microbiology , Hand/pathology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/physiology , Tenosynovitis/complications , Tenosynovitis/microbiology , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/diagnosis , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/therapy , Hand/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/physiopathology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/drug effects , Tenosynovitis/diagnosis , Tenosynovitis/therapySubject(s)
Cysts/surgery , Knee Joint/surgery , Suction , Suction/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Ligaments, Articular/surgery , Middle Aged , Punctures , Radiation , Suction/methodsABSTRACT
Budd-Chiari syndrome with or without portal thrombosis occurring during paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria is a complication with poor prognosis. We report the case of a 17-year-old woman with a double portal and hepatic venous thrombosis revealing a paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria and regressive with heparin. Our case suggests that the early diagnosis of the thrombosis with ultrasonography and Doppler, and rapidly initiated anticoagulant treatment may improve the prognosis of this disease.
Subject(s)
Budd-Chiari Syndrome/etiology , Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/complications , Heparin/therapeutic use , Portal Vein , Thrombosis/etiology , 4-Hydroxycoumarins , Adolescent , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Budd-Chiari Syndrome/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Indenes , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors , Vitamin K/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fibrosis , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Fractures, Stress , Golf/injuries , Rib Fractures , Adult , Fractures, Open , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The role of magnesium in the constitution, metabolism and hormonal control of bone tissue can be deducted from what is known of its physiology. Magnesium deficiency may result in vitamin-D resistant hypocalcaemia or even biochemical signs of hypoparathyroidism, which only regress after the deficiency is corrected. Measurements of magnesium levels in blood and urine are justified when such abnormalities occur in patients with digestive disorders, predominantly alcoholism, liver diseases or malabsorption. In all other circumstances, magnesium therapy is very rarely indicated for osteo-articular diseases.
Subject(s)
Bone Diseases/physiopathology , Joint Diseases/physiopathology , Magnesium/physiology , Animals , Humans , Magnesium/metabolism , Magnesium/therapeutic use , Magnesium Deficiency/complications , Parathyroid Hormone/metabolismABSTRACT
Whipple's disease is a systemic illness whose pathogenesis, which is still poorly understood, implies an infectious agent accessible to antibiotic therapy. The authors report a case which is made unusual by the manifold systemic manifestations, important eosinophilia and destructive nature of the joint lesions of the hips. The physiopathological mechanisms of ocular and cutaneous manifestations are considered. A dramatic improvement is obtained with tetracyclin.
Subject(s)
Hip Joint , Joint Diseases/etiology , Sacroiliac Joint , Whipple Disease/complications , Adult , Humans , Joint Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Destructive arthropathy of the shoulder is reviewed and the indications of total prothesis are briefly considered. It seems that the long term functional tolerance of destructive arthropathy of the shoulder is better than would be expected considering the radiological damage which is often substantial. The indications of shoulder prosthesis are dominated by rheumatoid polyarthritis and are infrequent in the other forms of these arthropathies.
Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis/pathology , Shoulder Joint , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Humerus , Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoarthritis/etiology , Radiography , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/diagnosisABSTRACT
Plasma exchange, used since 1979 in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis, has been the subject of numerous publications in the recent years. According to data from a review of the literature and from our personal experience, this therapy cannot be advocated in the usual forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Because of the side-effects, the complicated technical equipment required and the short duration of therapeutic results, plasma exchange should, for the time being, be restricted to malignant forms of rheumatoid arthritis, polyvisceral exacerbations in lupus and scleroderma, and hyperviscosity syndromes in globulinopathies.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy , Plasma Exchange , Centrifugation , Cryoglobulinemia/therapy , Humans , Multiple Myeloma/therapy , Plasma Exchange/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Raynaud Disease/therapy , Scleroderma, Systemic/therapyABSTRACT
Cauda equina syndrome is a rare neurological complication of ankylosing spondylitis. The specific myelographic and tomodensitometric anomalies are exemplified by the reported observation. This case is unusual by the moderation of the neurological manifestations, and especially by the absence of sphincteral disorders. The characteristic roentgenologic signs of ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a scalloped appearance of the lumbar spinal column and antecedent quiescent acromegaly.
Subject(s)
Acromegaly/complications , Myelography , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Spinal Canal/diagnostic imaging , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Cauda Equina , Female , Humans , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Optic Neuritis/complications , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications , Uveitis/complications , Yersinia Infections/complications , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/complications , Arthritis/complications , HLA Antigens/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/immunology , Uveitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Five patients with typical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were treated by plasma exchange. All patients had severe affections resistant to conventional treatment, while in four cases the disease involved extra-articular localizations: rheumatoid nodules (3 cases), polyneuritis (1 case), skin necrosis (1 case). Each patient received between 5 and 10 plasma exchanges over a period of 3 to 4 weeks. No major complications were observed. Immediate results were very good in all cases, as shown by absence of clinical expression of the arthritis, marked regression in extra-articular symptoms, and reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate without parallel alterations in rheumatoid factor levels. Improvement lasted for only a few weeks in 3 patients, in one case preceded by an acutely painful episode. In the remaining 2 cases, with associated vasculitis, improvement has been sustained for a period that now exceeds one year. Results are compared with those reported in the published literature, and the mode of action and indications for plasma exchange in rheumatoid arthritis discussed.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy , Plasma Exchange , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Blood Sedimentation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Necrosis , Plasma Exchange/adverse effects , Polyneuropathies/etiology , Recurrence , Rheumatoid Factor/analysis , Rheumatoid Nodule/etiology , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors present a short series (6 cases) of serum positive rheumatoid arthritis, treated by I.M. injections (5 cases) or intra-articular injections (one case) of dismutase superoxide of bovine origin. The treatment was stopped in one case for local intolerance. Four cases treated for four months by the intramuscular route, were uninfluenced by the treatment, nor was the patient treated by the intra-articular route. The laboratory parameters (E.S.E., Rose Waaler reaction) were not modified. On the other hand, the lymphocyte fragility in culture was improved. The good tolerance of this compound in the laboratory will permit further trials in higher dosage.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Superoxide Dismutase/therapeutic use , Adult , Chromosome Aberrations , Complement C3/analysis , Female , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular , Injections, Intramuscular , Middle Aged , Superoxide Dismutase/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Blood Gas Analysis , Oxygen/blood , Animals , Dogs , Electrons , Humans , Manometry , Methods , Oxidation-Reduction , OximetryABSTRACT
1. In anaesthetized foetal lambs near term, hypocapnia induced by maternal hyperventilation abolished the rise of arterial pressure and femoral vasoconstriction caused by hypoxaemia. This is consistent with interaction of P(CO2) and P(O2) on the foetal aortic bodies.2. In immature lambs (0.6-0.77 of term) maternal hyperventilation caused a fall in foetal carotid P(CO2) commensurate with that in the maternal blood. In mature lambs (at 0.9 or more of term) the fall in foetal carotid P(CO2) was less than that in maternal blood, whether the foetus was exteriorized or in utero.3. The mean transplacental gradient for P(CO2) (maternal arterial-umbilical vascular), when the foetus was replaced with a mechanical pump recirculating foetal blood, was 6.3 mm Hg. This is attributed to placental CO(2) production, and is nearly half the mean P(CO2) gradient (maternal artery-foetal carotid) of about 14 mm Hg during normal maternal ventilation.4. The mean maternal-umbilical transcotyledonary venous gradients (avoiding vascular shunts through the myometrium and intercotyledonary chorion) were for P(CO2) 1.7 mm Hg and for P(O2) 13.4 mm Hg.5. Maternal hyperventilation (P(a, CO2) approximately 20 mm Hg) caused a small fall in mean foetal carotid P(O2) (5 mm Hg), which was readily reversible with no evidence of progressive acidaemia.