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1.
Am J Surg Pathol ; 25(3): 401-5, 2001 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11224612

ABSTRACT

Chordoid glioma is a rare neoplasm occurring in the third ventricle and, as the name implies, having a chordoid appearance. It is currently considered a glial neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis with distinct clinicopathologic features. We report three cases of chordoid glioma with a focus on the ultrastructural appearance. The patients were two men and one woman aged, respectively, 34, 40, and 43 years. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed strong and diffuse reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, whereas immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin was focal. Ultrastructurally, they showed features of ependymal differentiation for the presence of an apical pole with microvilli and a basal pole characterized, as in normal ependyma, by many hemidesmosomelike structures connecting cell membranes to the underlying basal lamina. Constant features were a submicroscopic cell body zonation (i.e., perinuclear, intermediate, subapical, and apical regions) and the presence of secretory granules. These findings were similar to those described for the secretory ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ, a small structure located in a dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle that undergoes regression after birth in humans. Our observations suggest that chordoid glioma may represent a subtype of ependymoma whose cells resemble the highly specialized ependyma of the subcommissural organ.


Subject(s)
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Glioma/ultrastructure , Third Ventricle/ultrastructure , Adult , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Choroid Plexus Neoplasms/chemistry , Choroid Plexus Neoplasms/classification , Desmosomes/ultrastructure , Female , Glioma/chemistry , Glioma/classification , Hemidesmosomes , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Intercellular Junctions/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Microvilli/ultrastructure , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Organelles/ultrastructure
2.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 38(6): 637-640, 2000 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11092784

ABSTRACT

A giant mucocele eroded both the anterior and posterior wall of the frontal sinus and infiltrated the dura mater. Its extracranial growth caused a frontal bony prominence. The tumour and part of the dura were resected. A 12 x 6cm defect in the dura was repaired with a freeze-dried patch. A split-thickness bone graft from the right parietal region was used to repair the anterior frontal bony defect. The result one year later was satisfactory. Spiral computed tomography with thr ee-dimensional reconstructions excluded any recurrence of the tumour and showed good integration of bone grafts.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/pathology , Dura Mater/pathology , Frontal Sinus/pathology , Mucocele/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/pathology , Aged , Brain Diseases/etiology , Brain Diseases/surgery , Craniotomy , Dura Mater/surgery , Female , Frontal Sinus/surgery , Humans , Mucocele/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/complications , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/surgery
3.
J Neurosurg Sci ; 36(3): 145-9, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1484300

ABSTRACT

The Authors report three cases of pseudotumor cerebri with noteworthy visual defect. Lumboperitoneal shunt enables good recovery where there was no atrophy of the optic nerve and demonstrated its usefulness also in serious situations.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts , Pseudotumor Cerebri/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pseudotumor Cerebri/complications , Vision Disorders/etiology
4.
Riv Neurol ; 61(2): 54-6, 1991.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1832235

ABSTRACT

The Authors report a case of low back pain with sciatica due to a synovial cyst of the interapophyseal joint of the lumbar spine. The diagnosis was made by CT and MRI. A review of the literature confirms the relative rarity of their lesion at the lumbar level and the necessity of radical surgery, best achieved with microsurgical technique. The Authors emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis before surgery.


Subject(s)
Back Pain/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae , Sciatica/etiology , Synovial Cyst/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Synovial Cyst/complications , Synovial Cyst/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Stroke ; 22(1): 22-6, 1991 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1859521

ABSTRACT

We studied 119 patients with disturbance of consciousness following subarachnoid hemorrhage, due mostly to verified aneurysm rupture, admitted to five Italian neurosurgical departments over 18 months. Level of consciousness as assessed by score on the Glasgow coma Scale ranged from 8 to 14 before the beginning of treatment; level of consciousness was assessed again 7, 14, and 21 days later. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with monosialoganglioside or placebo according to a double-blind experimental design. The two treatment groups were homogeneous at entry with regard to the main clinical parameters. Both groups improved, but the rate and degree of improvement were greater in the monosialoganglioside-treated group. The difference was significant on days 14 (p = 0.04) and 21 (p = 0.02). Our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that monosialoganglioside reduces brain edema and provides nonspecific neuronal membrane protection.


Subject(s)
G(M1) Ganglioside/therapeutic use , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Glasgow Coma Scale , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology
6.
J Neurosurg Sci ; 33(4): 319-22, 1989.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2634089

ABSTRACT

A rare case of neurosyphilis presenting with dementia paralytica and radiological appearance of cerebral gumma is reported. In accordance with previous comparable reports Authors noticed that diagnosis of this disease actually is still based on serological tests and clinical examination. CT, NMR and Cerebral angiography were not able to provide diagnostic findings, although NMR confirmed its ability to detect lesions not discovered by CT scan. Also findings from stereotactic biopsy only revealed an old not active infection.


Subject(s)
Dementia/etiology , Neurosyphilis/complications , Paresis/etiology , Aged , Cerebral Angiography , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Neurosyphilis/diagnosis , Neurosyphilis/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray
7.
Minerva Anestesiol ; 55(4): 205-7, 1989 Apr.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2615995

ABSTRACT

A very small fiberoptic catheter initially developed as an intravascular pressure sensor was incorporated into a system to be used as an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor. 13 patients with intracranial hypertension have been studied with this probe. The clinical experience confirmed the safety, accuracy and reliability of the device. The monitor has functioned very well, and there have been no complications except for two breakages of optic fiber as a result of nursing manoeuvres. This new device can be placed into the ventricular, subdural and epidural space. Camino System appears to offer advantages over other monitors presently in use.


Subject(s)
Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
9.
Appl Neurophysiol ; 51(6): 324-32, 1988.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2901822

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the biochemical mechanisms underlying spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Seventeen patients with chronic pain were investigated by measuring cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of endogenous opioids and biogenic amines before and during dorsal column stimulation. Basal cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin levels were below the normal range. No significant change of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, or adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were found after SCS. A 50% increase of cerebrospinal beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin levels occurred in 6 out of 16 patients, namely those where SCS gave the major pain relief. These data confirm the derangement of the endogenous opioid system in chronic pain conditions and suggest that the beta-endorphin response to SCS could have clinical value in predicting the success of treatment.


Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy , Endorphins/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurotransmitter Agents/cerebrospinal fluid , Spinal Cord/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain/physiopathology , Pain Management , Statistics as Topic , beta-Endorphin/cerebrospinal fluid , beta-Lipotropin/cerebrospinal fluid
10.
Riv Neurol ; 57(5): 281-4, 1987.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3445069

ABSTRACT

The authors report of a patients operated for a double encephalic mass in the left posterior parietal region. This lesion resulted a tubercoloma at a later investigation. This pathology is relatively common in underdeveloped countries, declining in western countries. The authors emphasize the need of a careful evaluation in searching tuberculous infection in presence of encephalic granulomatous masses.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases , Tuberculoma , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/pathology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tuberculoma/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculoma/pathology
12.
J Neurosurg Sci ; 31(2): 59-63, 1987.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3117983

ABSTRACT

The Authors report a case of cartilaginous tumor of the parasellar region, diagnosed as ossifying chondroma by virtue of the intense calcification it presented. Preoperative diagnosis was suggested by CT, which showed a characteristic honeycomb conformation, with alternate areas of greater or lesser density, without contrast enhancement. Angiography is, however, essential in planning the operation, which must on occasion be confined to partial resection only. This limitation may be acceptable where functionally important areas are concerned, since these neoplasms show an apparent tendency to only modest growth.


Subject(s)
Chondroma/diagnosis , Ossification, Heterotopic/diagnosis , Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Angiography , Chondroma/pathology , Chondroma/surgery , Female , Humans , Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology , Ossification, Heterotopic/surgery , Sella Turcica , Skull Neoplasms/pathology , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
Riv Neurol ; 56(1): 39-47, 1986.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3715321

ABSTRACT

The authors report their experience on treatment of posterior fossa epidural hematoma. They emphasize the role of a quick diagnosis, in times past often difficult, novadey easier with the aid of the CT.


Subject(s)
Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Injuries/complications , Female , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/pathology , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 48(2): 137-40, 1985 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3981170

ABSTRACT

Neuropsychological deficits following mild head injury have been reported recently in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue with a strict methodological approach. The neuropsychological performance of 50 mildly head injured patients was compared with that of 50 normal controls chosen with the case-control approach. No conclusive evidence was found that mild head injury causes cognitive impairment one month after the trauma.


Subject(s)
Cognition/physiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology , Adult , Attention/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests
17.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 8(5): 928-35, 1984 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6470262

ABSTRACT

Between July 1981 and August 1983 the authors studied 21 patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts using metrizamide-enhanced CT. With this method we are able to determine the degree of communication between the cysts and the surrounding subarachnoid space as well as to assess the evolving character of some of these lesions. This information will allow a more rational choice of surgical treatment.


Subject(s)
Arachnoid/diagnostic imaging , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Metrizamide , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Arachnoid/surgery , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/surgery , Child , Cysts/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
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