A new record of Sulzbacheromyces caatingae (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) from Mato Grosso do Sul and a worldwide infrageneric identification key.

Sulzbacheromyces is a genus of basidiolichen that includes nine species scattered on the African, American, and Asian continents. Sequences of the universal barcode of Fungi, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer - nuITS region, are available to all known species of the genus. Specimens of Sulzbacheromyces caatingae were collected during two expeditions in the Morro of Paxixi, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Midwest region of Brazil, in the Cerrado biome, where it was reported for the first time to the state. Morphological and anatomical analyses were performed. Specimens from Mato Grosso do Sul have a light green to indistinct thallus, while specimens from Ceará, Paraíba, and Piauí states present a thin green crust on the substrate. The nuITS sequences were also generated, and the distribution of S. caatingae was plotted with the haplotypes. Morphological differences were not reflected in the molecular analysis, which confirmed the identification of the species. In addition, an identification key to the known Sulzbacheromyces species is provided.

[Smoking cessation in older smokers. A retrospective study in 181 older smokers managed in a smoking cessation clinic]. / Sevrage tabagique des fumeurs âgés. Étude rétrospective chez 181 fumeurs âgés pris en charge en centre de tabacologie.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a factor associated with premature death, including in older people. Stopping smoking reduces related mortality even after the age of 60. The aim of this study, conducted in a smoking cessation clinic, was to describe the characteristics of these older smokers and their quit attempts. METHOD: A retrospective study was performed from the patient files of a smoking cessation clinic between 1999/01/01 and 2009/12/31; "older" smokers (≥60 years; n=181) were compared to "young" smokers (<60 years; n=1425). RESULTS: Compared to young smokers, older smokers had a higher frequency of cardio-pulmonary diseases (82.3 % vs. 46.7 %; P<0.0001) and current depressions (45.3% vs. 35.7%; P=0.012); their abstinence rate at 12 months was higher (44.2% vs. 32.9%; P=0.0025). An age over 60 years was associated with a higher success rate (OR=1.83; CI 95%: 1.29-2.59). CONCLUSION: Cessation smoking attempts are as likely to be successful in older smokers as in younger smokers. Physicians should advise and assist older smokers to quit and if necessary refer them to smoking cessation clinics. Smoking cessation guidelines therefore will apply without reserve in seniors.

[Influence of tobacco smoking on quality of life in patients with lung cancer]. / Influence du tabagisme sur la qualité de vie des patients atteints de cancer bronchique.

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. This cancer is the most specific indicator of the effects of tobacco on health. Regardless of the type of lung cancer and the stage of the disease, continued smoking has a negative impact on its development and its treatment. For this reason, smoking cessation is an essential step in the management of patients with lung cancer who smoke. It has been clearly demonstrated that quality of life is worse in smokers than in non-smokers. The aim of this general review is to study the relationship between tobacco use and quality of life specifically in patients with lung cancer. Among the twelve studies selected, six of them clearly demonstrate a deleterious effect of continued smoking tobacco or a beneficial effect of smoking cessation on the quality of life in patients with lung cancer. These findings should lead clinicians to offer support to smokers with lung cancer in order to assist them to quit smoking.

[Smoking cessation and social deprivation: current state of knowledge and proposals for optimization]. / Le sevrage tabagique des fumeurs en situation de précarité: état des lieux et propositions d'optimisation.

Tobacco smoking is a major public health issue. One in two lifelong smokers will die from a disease related to tobacco use. Recent data show an increase in the prevalence of smoking in the lowest socioeconomic population. It induces a higher morbidity and mortality in this group of people than in the general population; however, stopping smoking induces an equal benefit in terms of reducing disease and mortality for everyone. Improving tobacco control requires a greater understanding of smoking and cessation in this population. The aim of this article is to review the relationship between socioeconomic status and smoking cessation. Outcomes about the intentions and behaviour of stopping and maintaining abstinence are presented. Some ways to improve smoking cessation in lower socioeconomic smokers are proposed.

[Smoking cessation and social deprivation]. / Sevrage tabagique des fumeurs en situation de précarité sociale.

Smoking is a major of public health policy issue; one in two lifelong smokers will die from a disease related to tobacco use. In France, smoking is responsible for more than 70,000 deaths every year. The benefits linked to stopping smoking include reduced mortality and morbidity related to the use of tobacco. Recent data show an increase in the prevalence of smoking in the lowest socioeconomic population. Tobacco control needs a better understanding of the determinants of smoking in this population, which are also factors in the failure of cessation attempts. Based on international literature, this review specifies the educational and socioeconomic factors involved in tobacco smoking and in the result of an attempt to quit. Its aim is to propose ways to improve the management of smoking cessation in a socially deprived population.

[Helping the highly dependent smokers]. / Le sevrage tabagique des fumeurs trés dépendants.

Many smokers have difficulty in stopping smoking, either motivated to stop or forced for health, economic or statutory reasons. They have in common a heavy tobacco dependence and a high level of cigarette consumption. Often they combined factors impairing success in the attempt to stop smoking : e. g. anxio-depressive disorders, use of psychoactive substances, socio-economic deprivation. Smoking cessation specialists must optimize their interventions in order to improve the care of these highly dependent smokers.

[Variations of time perspective by social deprivation, what are the effects on smoking cessation?]. / Modification de la perspective temporelle par la précarité: quels effets sur le sevrage tabagique?

Smoking represents a major public health problem because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. Nearly half of the deaths in the lower class are caused by smoking. The socially deprived are physically and psychologically vulnerable. The instability of their situation increases the difficulty to invest in smoking cessation and certain time orientations linked to this social deprivation represent negative factors in the prognosis. Socially deprived populations do not understand the consequences of smoking unless they are in denial of the risks. The motivation to stop is essentially financial. The perception of smoking cessation is taken as a deprivation of pleasure. Independently of the social deprivation factors, taking into account the time perspective conveys necessary information of appropriate care.