[Cytologic picture of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. / K cytologickému obrazu medulárního karcinomu stítné zlázy.

The authors present cytological and clinical features of six cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. They are quoting a review of the literature about the cytological picture of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and they draw attention to the advances of immunocytology.

[New aspects of clinico-roentgenological evaluation of manifestations of motility disorders of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction]. / Novsie aspekty klinicko-röntgenologického hodnotenia prejavov motilitných porúch pazeráka a gastroezofageálneho spojenia.

After a brief review of motility disorders of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction the authors present findings on the instability of the manifestations of impaired motility after a certain time interval in the same patient. These changes have an evolutional character and it is assumed that variants of the same pathological entity are involved. The picture of corkscrew oesophagus develops into a diffuse spasm of the oesophagus and finally into achalasia. In gastrooesophageal reflux the controversy concentrates on the finding of 24-hour continuous examination (pH-metry and manometry) and changes of the mucosal lining of the distal oesophagus. Changes of the lining are associated with therapeutic advances. In order to improve the therapeutic procedure we recommend dispensarization of the patients in gastroenterological centres.

[Significance of angiographic studies in the diagnosis of non-typical epigastric disorders]. / Význam angiografického vysetrenia v diagnostike netypických epigastrických tazkostí.

The authors analyze the possibilities and importance of angiographic examinations in the clinical differential diagnosis of patients with atypical epigastric complaints. They demonstrate that in congenital anomalies of the arteries tripus Halleri the examinations do not make it possible to assess hypoperfusion of the epigastric organs. Based on data in the literature they point out that there is often disagreement between clinical symptoms and pressure gradients of intravasally angiographically stenoses of the trunk of the coeliac vein found on operation. From hitherto assembled results it may be, however, expected that two-dimensional Doppler ultrasonic evaluation of the blood flow through the blood vessels will contribute towards the objectivization of the assessment of the blood supply of the epigastric organs. The non-invasive examination can be used also during activity of organs or after administration of drugs.

[Radiographic diagnosis and clinical significance of developmental anomalies of the celiac trunk]. / Príspevok k rtg diagnostike a klinickému výnamu vývojových anomálií truncus coeliacus.

The author presents case histories of his patients and draws attention to the most frequently occurring developmental anomalies of truncus coeliacus. In addition to variations in the division and course of vessels of Tripus Halleri, there are also frequent hypoplasies of vessels and orificial compressions, caused by anomalous course of ligamentum arcuatum. The author also draws attention to the evaluation of the importance of vascular anomalies from the point of view of hemocirculation changes detected by angiography, used also in clinical practice until recently. In the last years the digital subtraction angiography and ultrasonography modified by the method of duplex scanning--exercise Doppler, substitute the classical abdominal angiography and materialize regional hypoperfusion of organs in clinically uncertain abdominal symptomatology.

[Angiographic diagnosis of agenesis of the celiac trunk]. / Príspevok k angiografickej diagnostike agenézie truncus coeliacus.

The authors refer to a 58-year female patient with truncus coeliacus agenesis. From the branches of tripus Halleri of a. gastrica sin., a hepatica comm. divides directly from aorta and a. lienalis from a. intercostalis post XII. 1. sin. In addition to anomalous division the unpaired arteries of abdominal aorta are also hypoplastic. The contribution draws attention to the fact that in the past vascular anomalies were considered clinically unimportant and their importance became manifest at the time of organ transplantation. The knowledge of vascular anomalies is required for taking the graft as well as during the transplantation itself.