Effects of Whey Protein, Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on Body Weight, Biochemical Parameters and Organ Functions in an Obese Rat Model: Experimental Research.

PURPOSE: Extreme obesity (EO) is one of the biggest public health problems in the world and has grown considerably over the years. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), whey protein (WP), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation applied to EO rats on weight loss, histopathological changes in internal organs and biochemical alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar albino female rats (n = 28) were used in the study and randomly divided into four groups. All rats were made obese by adding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) to their drinking water. After the EO, WP and omega-3 PUFA supplementation was given and RYGB process was applied. At the end of the study, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, AST, ALT and uric acid changes and liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: WP and omega-3 PUFA supplementation decreased body weight (p > 0.05). Omega-3 PUFA and RYGB caused a decrease in total cholesterol (p < 0.05), WP decreased HDL (p < 0.05), WP and omega-3 PUFA caused an increase in ALT (p < 0.05). WP has been shown to have greater curative effects in rat liver and kidney tissues. It has been determined that RYGB causes necrosis in the liver and HFCS causes inflammation in the kidney. CONCLUSION: In the study; the positive effects of WP, omega-3 PUFA and bariatric surgery on obesity and dyslipidemia have been demonstrated. With this result, it was determined that WP, omega-3 PUFA supplementation and bariatric surgery were not superior to each other.

The effect of intermittent fasting diets on body weight and composition.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study was carried out to determine and compare the effects on anthropometric measurements of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) with daily energy restriction and four different intermittent fasting diets (IFD), which were created as an alternative to MD and gained popularity. METHODS: 360 people aged 18-65 years, with body mass index (BMI) between 27 and 35 kg/m2 participated to the study. Demographic information, anthropometric measurements, physical activity and food consumption records were obtained by the researcher through weekly face-to-face interviews. The study lasted for 13 weeks, the first of which was a trial. Statistical significance level was accepted as 0.05. Participants were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups: Mediterranean Diet (MD), Week on Week off (WOWO), 6-Hour Time-Restricted Eating (TRE-6), 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating (TRE-8), Alternative Day Diet (ADD). Of the 360 people who participated in the study, 32 (2 TRE-6, 7 WOWO, 1 MD, 16 ADD, 6 TRE-8) dropped out after the trial week. RESULTS: It was determined that throughout the study, body weights, BMI, arm circumferences and waist circumferences in all groups decreased significantly. However, trends in changes in body weights and BMIs did not differ between groups. While the energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes of the participants did not change significantly during the study, fiber consumption increased considerably in the MD and WOWO groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that IFD were not superior to MD in terms of anthropometric measurements. The health effects and long-term consequences are not clear for IFD, unlike MD. For these reasons, it is thought that the most effective nutritional therapy that can be preferred for healthy weight loss is the energy-restricted MD model.

The Relationship between Bariatric Food Pyramid and Long-Term Anthropometric Measurements of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

The bariatric food pyramid is a standard for long-term healthy living and nutritional habits of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, taking their gastric capacity and special nutritional requirements into account. This study aimed to evaluate how the compliance with the pyramid affects the anthropometric change in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, depending on the period after surgery. 81 patients who have undergone bariatric surgery between August 2016 and September 2018 participated in the study. The patients were evaluated in the postoperative period and were divided into three groups according to the year they had the operation. Food consumption frequency information was obtained from the patients, and the amount of food consumed per day was recorded in grams. Protein, vegetable, fruit, grain, and oil consumption was calculated according to the pyramid and calculated as portions. A statistically significant difference was found for all three groups in terms of weight loss and body mass index (BMI) changes before and after surgery (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was observed that the amount of protein consumed by the patients was sufficient, cereal was high, and fruit was insufficient. Patients who consumed foods that were not recommended slowed in weight loss. In conclusion, it is estimated that increased consumption of grains and nonrecommended foods may cause weight gains. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to ensure that patients are fed in accordance with the pyramid and followed for many years.