Subject(s)
Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Pseudomonas Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Albania/epidemiology , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Female , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Humans , Infant , Length of Stay , Male , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Young AdultSubject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Albania/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
A survey was conducted in the largest hospital in Albania to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for nosocomial infections (NIs). A one-day prevalence survey was carried out between October and November 2003 in medical, surgical and intensive care wards. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions were used. Study variables included patient and hospital characteristics, surgical procedures, invasive devices, antibiotic treatment, microbiological and radiological examinations, infection signs and symptoms. Risk factors were determined using logistic regression. In all, 185 NIs were found in 163 of 968 enrolled patients. Urinary tract infections (33.0%), surgical site infections (24.3%), pneumonia (13.0%) and venous infections (9.2%) were the most frequent NIs. The prevalence of NIs was higher in intensive care units (31.6%) than in surgical (22.0%) and medical wards (10.3%). Overall, 132 NIs (71.4%) were confirmed by microbiological examination; the single most frequently isolated micro-organism was Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%). By means of logistic regression, the following independent risk factors were identified: age >40 years, length of hospital stay, 'trauma' diagnosis at admission, and invasive devices. Even though comparisons must be made with great caution, the prevalence of NIs was higher than in western European countries and in some developing countries.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Albania/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
In May 2003, investigators were trained and prevalence pilot study was conducted at the University Hospital of Tirana, Albania. Investigators were trained to assess the organizational problems of the first prevalence survey of nosocomial infections (NIs) in Albania. Twelve investigators were trained in 2 days. After the training, the pilot study was conducted in 3 wards. The investigators collected data using a standard form and the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control, USA. The training improved the investigators' knowledge of NI epidemiology and surveillance. The pilot study underlined the lack of information in the clinical documentation and lack of collaboration between clinicians and the laboratory: microbiological examinations were performed only in 13 (16.5%) patients and none of the 11 NIs reported was confirmed in the laboratory. This led to a review of the survey protocol, above all in order to increase the use of microbiological laboratory.
