ABSTRACT
Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a highly malignant and rare tumour characterised by a complex admixture of teratomatous and carcinosarcomatous components. In the head and neck area, it almost exclusively occurs in the sinonasal cavities; however, rare instances of nasopharyngeal and oral cavity involvement have been reported, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature. Contribution: The contributed case involves the correlative CT, MRI and histopathology of a sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma with intracranial involvement.
ABSTRACT
Foreign body aspiration is rare in children below 6 months of age. Very young children presenting with stridor, atypical croup presentation, and not responding accordingly, subglottic foreign body aspiration should be considered. These may not always be visible with bedside flexible endoscopy and may need investigation under anesthesia. We report two cases of devil's thorn aspiration in young infants. These children were left on the floor to play and devils thorn may be a danger lurking as the they have been deposited unknowingly by the shoes people wear and pick up by these young infants.
Subject(s)
Foreign Bodies , Respiratory Aspiration , Bronchi , Bronchoscopy , Child , Child, Preschool , Floors and Floorcoverings , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Infant , Respiratory Aspiration/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Aspiration/etiology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
CONTEXT.: Limited data exist on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the prevalence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at a large tertiary care center in South Africa. DESIGN.: A total of 266 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed during an 11-year period (2007-2017) were selected for evaluation. Cases staining positive for p16 immunohistochemistry were evaluated for high-risk HPV using the BD Onclarity assay (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, Maryland). RESULTS.: Of 266 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 14% (n = 36) were positive for p16. Polymerase chain reaction for high-risk HPV performed on the p16-positive cases was negative in 23 cases and positive in 13 cases (13 of 266; 5%). p16 showed a positive predictive value of 36.1%. The HPV subtypes were HPV-16 (n = 10), HPV-18 (n = 1), HPV-52 (n = 1), and HPV-31 (n = 1). Human papillomavirus-positive cases occurred in 10 men and 3 women (mean age, 51 years) and arose from the tonsil (n = 10) or base of the tongue (n = 3). The HPV-positive cases were non-keratinizing (n = 10) or partially keratinizing (n = 1). Partially/nonkeratinizing cases revealed a modest improvement in p16 positive predictive value (11 of 21; 52.4%). CONCLUSIONS.: The presence of high-risk HPV in 5% of cases suggests that high-risk HPV is a minor etiologic agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in this region. Given its suboptimal positive predictive value, p16 is not a reliable marker for high-risk HPV infection in this region. When p16 is positive, HPV-specific testing is necessary. The identification of less common high-risk HPV types, HPV-52 and HPV-31, may influence current local vaccination strategies.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms , Papillomavirus Infections , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Female , Human papillomavirus 16/genetics , Human papillomavirus 16/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/metabolism , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , South Africa/epidemiology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/epidemiology , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v24i1.1978.].
ABSTRACT
Although squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the overwhelming majority of head and neck malignant neoplasms, extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) of the pharyngeal region can have a similar clinical presentation. The histopathological features of this rare entity have been described and emphasised in the literature. We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient with FDCS of the tonsil to illustrate the radiologic findings of FDCS and also highlight this infrequent but salient differential diagnosis for adult head and neck neoplasia.
