Thermal response, catalytic activity, and color change of the first hybrid vanadate containing Bpe guest molecules.

Four isomorphic compounds with formula [{Co2(H2O)2(Bpe)2}(V4O12)]·4H2O·Bpe, CoBpe 1; [{CoNi(H2O)2(Bpe)2}(V4O12)]·4H2O·Bpe, CoNiBpe 2; [{Co0.6Ni1.4(H2O)2(Bpe)2}(V4O12)]·4H2O·Bpe, NiCoBpe 3; and [{Ni2(H2O)2(Bpe)2}(V4O12)]·4H2O·Bpe, NiBpe 4, have been obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structures of CoBpe 1 and NiBpe 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Rietveld refinement of CoNiBpe 2 and NiCoBpe 3 XRD patterns confirms that those are isomorphic. The compounds crystallize in the P1̅ space group, exhibiting a crystal structure constructed from inorganic layers pillared by Bpe ligands. The crystal structure contains intralayer and interlayer channels, in which the crystallization water molecules and Bpe guest molecules, respectively, are located. The solvent molecules establish a hydrogen bonding network with the coordinated water molecules. Thermodiffractometric and thermogravimetric studies showed that the loss of crystallization and coordinated water molecules takes place at different temperatures, giving rise to crystal structure transformations that involve important reduction of the interlayer distance, and strong reduction of crystallinity. The IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectra of the as-synthesized and heated compounds confirm that the structural building blocks and octahedral coordination environment of the metal centers are maintained after the structural transformations. The color change and reversibility of the water molecules uptake/removal were tested showing that the initial color is not completely recovered when the compounds are heated at temperatures higher than 200 °C. The thermal evolution of the magnetic susceptibility indicates one-dimensional antiferromagnetic coupling of the metal centers at high temperatures. For NiCoBpe 3 and NiBpe 4 compounds magnetic ordering is established at low temperatures, as can be judged by the maxima observed in the magnetic susceptibilities. CoNiBpe 2 was proved as catalyst being active for cyanosilylation reactions of aldehydes.

Amine templated open-framework vanadium(III) phosphites with catalytic properties.

Four novel amine templated open-framework vanadium(III) phosphites with the formula (C(5)N(2)H(14))(0.5)[V(H(2)O)(HPO(3))(2)], 1 (C(5)N(2)H(14) = 2-methylpiperazinium), and (L)(4-x)(H(3)O)(x)[V(9)(H(2)O)(6)(HPO(3))(14-y)(HPO(4))(y)(H(2)PO(3))(3-z)(H(2)PO(4))z]·nH(2)O (2, L = cyclopentylammonium, x = 0, y = 3.5, z = 3, n = 0; , L = cyclohexylammonium, x = 1, y = 0, z = 0.6, n = 2.33; , L = cycloheptylammonium, x = 1, y = 0, z = 0, n = 2.33) were synthesized employing solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ICP-AES and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric and thermodiffractometric analyses, and IR and UV/vis spectroscopy. Single-crystal data indicate that 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, whereas 2, 3 and 4 crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6(3)/m. Compound 1 has a two-dimensional motif with anionic sheets of [V(H(2)O)(HPO(3))(2)](-) formula, whose charge is compensated by the 2-methylpiperazinium cations embedded between the layers. In contrast, 2, 3 and 4 present a pillar-layer network giving rise to a three-dimensional framework containing intersecting 16-ring channels with the primary amine templates and the crystallization water molecules enclosed in them. 1, 2, 3 and 4 behave as heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkyl aryl sulfides, with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidizing agent, being active, selective and recyclable for several successive cycles of reaction.

Synthesis and comparative study of Co(pym)(VO3)2 and [Co(H2O)2(VO3)2]·2H2O.

The three-dimensional Co(pym)(VO(3))(2), 1, hybrid compound, where pym is pyrimidine, has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions at 120 °C. The compound has been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric measurements, thermodiffractometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and magnetization, and finally a study of specific heat has been performed. The crystal structure of 1 was solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, taking into account that the crystals of this compound are twins of two components. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, a = 12.899(5) Å, b = 9.859(2) Å, c = 7.051(1) Å, ß = 111.41(3)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure is built up from edge sharing VO(5) trigonal bipyramid double chains and [CoO(4)pym](n) chains. This resembles the structure of the [Co(H(2)O)(2)(VO(3))(2)]·2H(2)O compound, 2. For this reason a comparative study of their properties was carried out. Magnetic measurements of 1, performed in the 2.0 to 300 K range, reveal the existence of a weak ferromagnetic order near 3 K. This fact was confirmed with magnetization measurements, which show irreversibility characteristic of soft ferromagnets. Magnetic measurements of 2 show a 3D antiferromagnetic ordering at 2.5 K. The magnetization shows a small change of curvature indicating the occurrence of a metamagnetic transition. Specific heat measurements of both compounds confirm the 3D nature of the magnetic order. The comparative study of the magneto-structural correlations reveals that the pyrimidine molecules are responsible for the different magnetic behaviour between 1 and 2.

[In defence of the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia: reflections on a case presentation]. / En defensa del diagnóstico de esquizofrenia simple: reflexiones a propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Since the first case descriptions of dementia praecox (Diem, 1903), the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia has continued to be controversial. The questioning of its descriptive validity and its reliability, as well as its infrequent use, has led to it being eliminated as a sub-type of schizophrenia in the DSM-III. Criteria for the diagnosis of «simple deteriorative disorder¼ are currently included in the DSM-IV-TR as a disorder requiring more studies for its possible inclusion. OBJECTIVES: An attempt is made, using a clinical case, to perform a historical review of the concept of simple schizophrenia, and at the same what has led to the reflection on the possible reasons for the controversy, and a potential route to resolve it. METHODOLOGY: Using a controversial clinical case, which meets ICD-10 clinical criteria for simple schizophrenia (and those of the DSM-IV-TR for the simple deteriorative disorder), we reflect on the symptoms and diagnostic difficulties. A literature review and update on the subjects was also performed. DISCUSSION: Our patient highlights, by the absence in the clinical picture of the most obvious positive psychotic symptoms, the tendency by psychiatrists to identify the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the presence of the same, at least at some time during its evolution. The use of neuroimaging tests was useful to assess the level of deterioration and prognosis of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: Considering simple schizophrenia in the differential diagnosis of other chronic deteriorative disorders could increase its recognition in the initial phases. The use of neuropsychological function tests, and looking for typical deteriorative patterns of the schizophrenia spectrum, could help to increase the reliability of the diagnosis.

En defensa del diagnóstico de esquizofrenia simple: reflexiones a propósito de un caso / In defence of the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia: reflections on a case presentation

Introducción. Desde las primeras descripciones de casos de formas simples de dementia praecox” (Diem, 1903), el diagnóstico de esquizofrenia simple no ha dejado de verse envuelto en controversias. El cuestionamiento sobre su validez descriptiva y fiabilidad, así como su uso infrecuente, llevó a su eliminación como subtipo de esquizofrenia en el DSM-III. En la actualidad, se incluyen en el DSM-IV-TR criterios para el diagnóstico del «trastorno deteriorante simple», como trastorno que requiere de más estudios para su posible inclusión. Objetivos. Se pretende, a partir de un caso clínico ilustrativo, realizar un repaso histórico del concepto de esquizofrenia simple, a la vez que motivar la reflexión sobre los posibles motivos de controversia en torno a él y el potencial camino para su resolución. Metodología. Partiendo de un caso clínico controvertido, el cual cumple los criterios diagnósticos CIE-10 para esquizofrenia simple (y los del DSM-IV-TR para el trastorno deteriorante simple), reflexionamos sobre la sintomatología y las dificultades diagnósticas. Se realiza una revisión y actualización bibliográfica sobre el tema. Discusión. Nuestra paciente destaca por la ausencia en el cuadro clínico de los más llamativos síntomas psicóticos positivos, y la tendencia por parte de los psiquiatras a identificar el diagnóstico de esquizofrenia con la presencia de estos, al menos en algún momento de la evolución. La utilización de pruebas de neuroimagen fue de utilidad para evaluar el grado de deterioro y el pronóstico de la paciente. Conclusiones. La consideración de la esquizofrenia simple en el diagnóstico diferencial de otros trastornos deteriorantes crónicos podría incrementar su reconocimiento en las fases iniciales. La utilización de pruebas funcionales neuropsicológicas, buscando patrones de deterioro típicos del espectro esquizofrénico, podría ayudar a aumentar la fiabilidad del diagnóstico(AU)

Introduction. Since the first case descriptions of “dementia praecox” (Diem, 1903), the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia has continued to be controversial. The questioning of its descriptive validity and its reliability, as well as its infrequent use, has led to it being eliminated as a sub-type of schizophrenia in the DSM-III. Criteria for the diagnosis of “simple deteriorative disorder” are currently included in the DSM-IV-TR as a disorder requiring more studies for its possible inclusion. Objectives. An attempt is made, using a clinical case, to perform a historical review of the concept of simple schizophrenia, and at the same what has led to the reflection on the possible reasons for the controversy, and a potential route to resolve it. Methodology. Using a controversial clinical case, which meets ICD-10 clinical criteria for simple schizophrenia (and those of the DSM-IV-TR for the simple deteriorative disorder), we reflect on the symptoms and diagnostic difficulties. A literature review and update on the subjects were also performed. Discussion. Our patient highlights, by the absence in the clinical picture of the most obvious positive psychotic symptoms, the tendency by psychiatrists to identify the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the presence of the same, at least at some time during its evolution. The use of neuroimaging tests was useful to assess the level of deterioration and prognosis of the patient. Conclusions. Considering simple schizophrenia in the differential diagnosis of other chronic deteriorative disorders could increase its recognition in the initial phases. The use of neuropsychological function tests, and looking for typical deteriorative patterns of the schizophrenia spectrum, could help to increase the reliability of the diagnosis(AU)

Flexible and dynamic thermal behavior of self-catenated [{Ni3(H2O)3(Bpa)4}(V6O18)]·8H2O constructed from 10-c heterometallic inorganic-organic clusters.

The hydrothermal treatment of Ni(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O, NaVO(3), and Bpa (1,2-Di(pyridyl)ethane) (C(12)H(12)N(2)) at 120 °C during 3 days leads to green single crystals of the title compound. The single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that [{Ni(3)(H(2)O)(3)(Bpa)(4)}(V(6)O(18))]·8H(2)O crystallizes in the monoclinic system, P2(1)/c space group, with a = 13.5536 (2), b = 19.0463 (2), c = 27.7435 (3) Å, ß = 112.3880 (10)°, V = 6622(3) Å(3), with R1(obs) = 0.0558, wR2(obs) = 0.1359, for 10278 observed reflections. The complexity of the crystal structure is based on different points, as the existence of: both "gauche" and "trans" conformations of the organic ligand, the [V(12)O(36)](-12) cycles, formed by 12 corner-sharing VO(4) tetrahedra, and, finally, the combination of both three-dimensional metal-organic and inorganic substructures, giving rise to a self-catenated highly connected net. The crystallization water molecules are semi-encapsulated in the channels along the [100] direction, and their loss gives rise to a dynamical and reversible structural contraction. Moreover, after the removal of the crystallization water molecules, the compound exhibits a negative thermal behavior in the 85-155 °C temperature range, and irreversible structural transformation due to the loss of coordinated water molecules up to 200 °C. The IR and UV-vis spectra were determined for the as-synthesized sample, after the removal of crystallization water molecules and after the irreversible transformation due to the loss of coordinated water molecules. The thermal evolution of χ(m) was adjusted to a magnetic model considering an isotropic dimer plus two Ni(II) d(8) isolated octahedra.

Enhancement of the luminescent properties of a new red-emitting phosphor, Mn2(HPO3)F2, by Zn substitution.

The Mn(2)(HPO(3))F(2) phase has been synthesized as single crystals by using mild hydrothermal conditions. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group, with unit cell parameters of a = 7.5607(8), b = 10.2342(7), and c = 5.5156(4) Å, with Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of a three-dimensional framework formed by alternating (010) layers of [MnO(3)F(3)] octahedra linked up by three connected [HPO(3)] tetrahedra. Luminescence measurements were performed at different temperatures between 10 and 150 K. The 10 K emission spectrum of the octahedrally coordinated Mn(II) cation exhibits a broad band centered at around 615 nm corresponding to the (4)T(1) → (6)A(1) transition. In order to explore the effect of the Mn(II) concentration and the possibility of enhancing the luminescence properties of the Mn(II) cation in Mn(2)(HPO(3))F(2), different intermediate composition members of the finite solid solution with the general formula (Mn(x)Zn(1-x))(2)(HPO(3))F(2) were prepared and their luminescent properties studied. The magnetic and specific heat behavior of M(2)(HPO(3))F(2) (M = Mn, Fe) have also been investigated. The compounds exhibit a global antiferromagnetic ordering with a spin canting phenomenon detected at approximately 30 K. The specific heat measurements show sharp λ-type peaks at 29.7 and 33.5 K for manganese and iron compounds, respectively. The total magnetic entropy is consistent with spin S = 5/2 and S = 2 of Mn(II) and Fe(II) cations.

M(C6H16N3)2(VO3)4 as heterogeneous catalysts. Study of three new hybrid vanadates of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazonium.

Three new hybrid vanadates have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions with the formula M(C(6)H(16)N(3))(2)(VO(3))(4), where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). The structural analyses show that the phases are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c. These compounds show a two-dimensional crystal structure, with sheets composed of [VO(3)](n)(n-) chains and metal centres octahedrally coordinated, chelated by two 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazonium ligands. The thermal study reveals that the copper containing phase is less stable than the cobalt and nickel containing ones. The IR spectra of the three phases are very similar, with little differences in the inorganic bond region of the copper containing phase. The UV-visible spectra show that the cobalt(II) and the nickel(II) are in slightly distorted octahedral environments. The catalytic tests show that the phases act as heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkyl aryl sulfides, with both H(2)O(2) and tert-butylhydroperoxide as oxidizing agents. The influence of the steric hindrance in the kinetic profile has been studied. The catalytic reactions induce the partial amorphization of the phases.

Catalytic performance of the high and low temperature polymorphs of (C6N2H16)0.5[(VO)(HAsO4)F]: structural, thermal, spectroscopic and magnetic studies.

(C(6)N(2)H(16))(0.5)[(VO)(HAsO(4))F] 1 has been synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions under autogenous pressure. Above 70 degrees C, this phase has a polymorph with the same chemical composition 2 in which the organic 1,4-diamincyclohexane molecule adopts a different conformation. The crystal structures have been solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The phases crystallize in the C2/c monoclinic space group with the unit-cell parameters a = 21.065(2) A b = 7.2717(4) A c = 10.396(1) A beta = 104.290(8) degrees for compound 1 and a = 23.025(1) A, b = 7.322(1) A, c = 10.344(1) A and beta = 109.250(6) degrees for compound 2. These phases exhibit a layered inorganic framework, with the template molecule linking the layers via electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. In both phases, the structure is built from secondary building units SBU-4, which are constructed from two [V(2)O(8)F(2)] edge-shared dimeric vanadyl octahedra, connected by the vertices of two hydrogenarsenate (HAsO(4)) tetrahedra. The repetition of this SBU unit gives sheets along the [010] direction. Polymorph 1 exists below 70 degrees C, whereas the limit of thermal stability for 2 is approximately 150 degrees C. Both phases coexist in the temperature range from 80 to -15 degrees C. By means of the DSC technique it has been possible to verify that the temperature of the structural transition is between 70 and 100 degrees C. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of 1 confirms the presence of vanadyl ions, in which the vanadium(IV) cations have a d(1) electronic configuration in a slightly distorted octahedral environment. ESR spectra of both phases are isotropic with mean g values of 1.96 and 1.99 for 1 and 2, respectively. Magnetic measurements for 1 indicate the existence of antiferromagnetic exchange couplings. Both phases are effective and selective catalysts in the oxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides and 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol.

Mild hydrothermal synthesis of Cu(SeO(3)).2H(2)O: structural characterization, thermal, spectroscopic and magnetic studies.

Cu(SeO(3)).2H(2)O has been synthesized by hydrothermal technique under autogeneous pressure. The compound crystallizes in the P2(1)2(1)2(1) orthorhombic space group. The unit cell parameters are a=6.672(1), b=9.167(1) and c=7.372(1) A with Z=4. The crystal structure has been refined using the Rietveld method. The limit of thermal stability is 130 degrees C, temperature at which the water content is lost. Above 470 degrees C the compound decomposes in SeO(2)(g) and CuO(s). The IR spectrum shows the characteristic bands of the (SeO(3))(2-) oxoanion and water molecules. An intense absorption band characteristic of Cu(II) cations in five-coordination is observed in the diffuse reflectance spectrum. The ESR spectra are isotropic from room temperature to 4.2K, with g=2.13(1). Magnetic measurements confirm the existence of a global antiferromagnetic behavior with a spin canting phenomenon detected at, approximately, 30K.

Microporous vanadyl-arsenate with the template incorporated exhibiting sorption and catalytic properties.

(C(5)H(14)N(2))[(VO)(3)(AsO(4))(HAsO(4))(2)(OH)].3H(2)O behaves as a microporous organically templated compound, with reversible adsorption and desorption of N(2) at 77 K, and as an extremely efficient catalyst that catalyzes selective sulfoxide formation from organic sulfides, under mild conditions.

Prolonged interleukin-6 administration enhances glucose tolerance and increases skeletal muscle PPARalpha and UCP2 expression in rats.

Chronic elevations in interleukin (IL)-6 have been associated with insulin resistance, but acute IL-6 administration can enhance insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to exogenously administer IL-6 to rats to elicit either chronic or repeated acute elevations in systemic IL-6. We hypothesized that a continuous elevation of IL-6 would inhibit glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity while acute intermittent elevations would improve it. Male Wistar rats were treated for 14d with recombinant human IL-6 (2.4 microy) or saline administered either by miniosmotic pump (continuous IL-6) or via twice-daily injection (intermittent IL-6). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed following 14-d treatment and 24 h later rats were administered a bolus of insulin (150 mU/g) or saline intraperitoneally. Approximately, 10 min after insulin injection soleus, gastrocnemius and liver were excised and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent metabolic measures. Irrespective of the mode of delivery, IL-6 treatment increased basal insulin sensitivity, as measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and enhanced glucose clearance during an i.p. glucose tolerance test. IL-6 increased circulating fatty acids, but did not increase triglyceride accumulation in either skeletal muscle or liver, while it increased the protein expression of both PPARalpha and UCP2 in skeletal muscle, suggesting that IL-6 can enhance fat oxidation via mitochondrial uncoupling. These data demonstrate that, irrespective of the mode of delivery, IL-6 administration over 2 weeks enhances glucose tolerance. Our results do not support the notion that prolonged chronically elevated IL-6 impairs insulin action in vivo.

HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance.

Patients with type 2 diabetes have reduced gene expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 72, which correlates with reduced insulin sensitivity. Heat therapy, which activates HSP72, improves clinical parameters in these patients. Activation of several inflammatory signaling proteins such as c-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor of kappaB kinase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, can induce insulin resistance, but HSP 72 can block the induction of these molecules in vitro. Accordingly, we examined whether activation of HSP72 can protect against the development of insulin resistance. First, we show that obese, insulin resistant humans have reduced HSP72 protein expression and increased JNK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. We next used heat shock therapy, transgenic overexpression, and pharmacologic means to overexpress HSP72 either specifically in skeletal muscle or globally in mice. Herein, we show that regardless of the means used to achieve an elevation in HSP72 protein, protection against diet- or obesity-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance was observed. This protection was tightly associated with the prevention of JNK phosphorylation. These findings identify an essential role for HSP72 in blocking inflammation and preventing insulin resistance in the context of genetic obesity or high-fat feeding.

Synthesis, thermal, spectroscopic and magnetic studies of the Mn(SeO3).2H2O and Fe2(SeO3)3.3H2O selenites.

Mn(SeO(3)).2H(2)O (1) and Fe(2)(SeO(3))(3).3H(2)O (2) have been synthesized by slow evaporation from an aqueous solution in the case of (1) and using mild hydrothermal conditions for (2). The crystal structures of both phases have been refined by the Rietveld method. The compounds crystallize in different spatial groups, the P2(1)/n monoclinic one with parameters a=6.649(1)A, b=6.542(1)A, c=10.890(1)A and beta=103.85(1) degrees being Z=4 for (1) and the R3c trigonal space group with parameters a=9.361(1)A, c=20.276(1)A and Z=6 for (2). The crystal structure of compound (1) consists of a three-dimensional framework formed by MnO(6) octahedra and (SeO(3))(2-) oxoanions with trigonal pyramidal geometry, which gives rise to Mn(2)O(10) dimers of edge-sharing octahedra. The crystal structure of phase (2) can be described as a three-dimensional framework formed by MnO(6) octahedra and (SeO(3))(2-) oxoanions with trigonal pyramidal geometry. In this phase the octahedral entities are linked along the three crystallographic axes through the selenite anions. Diffuse reflectance spectrum and luminescent measurements for (1) indicate the existence of Mn(2+) cations in a slightly distorted octahedral environment. Diffuse reflectance spectrum and Mössbauer spectroscopy, in the paramagnetic region, for (2) show the existence of Fe(3+) cations in slightly distorted octahedral symmetry. ESR spectra of both compounds are isotropic with a g-value of 1.99(1) and 2.00(1), respectively. Magnetic measurements of both phases indicate an antiferromagnetic behavior. For phase (2), both, the ESR and magnetic measurements suggest a spin change from Fe(3+) (S=5/2) to Fe(2+) (S=2) at low temperatures.

Sistema de acceso subcutáneo vascular central permanente con reservorio en pacientes oncológicos. Complicaciones quirúrgicas / Permanent central venous subcutaneous access devices with reservoir in oncological patients. Surgical complications

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de determinar las complicaciones quirúrgicas en 60 pacientes consecutivos a los que se implantaron sistemas de accesos subcutáneos venosos centrales en nuestra institución (Port-a-Cath®), teniendo en cuenta edad, sexo, enfermedad oncológica y vasos abordados. Se registró 8,33 por ciento de complicaciones atribuibles a cirugía: hematomas posoperatorios, necrosis del bolsillo quirúrgico, mala posición del catéter en el vaso venoso y pérdida de derecho a domicilio del bolsillo quirúrgico. Nuestro estudio muestra que la mortalidad en el procedimiento quirúrgico para colocar sistemas de accesos subcutáneos vasculares centrales es nula y que las complicaciones quirúrgicas son pocas(AU)

A retrospective study was made to determine surgical complications in 60 consecutive patients in whom central subcutaneous venous access devices were implanted in our institution (Port­a-Carth®), taking age, sex, oncological disease and approached vessels into consideration. Surgery-attributable complications amounted to 8,33 per cent: postoperative hematomes, surgical pocket necrosis, wrong placement of catheter in the vein and loss of place of the surgical pocket. Our study showed that mortality in this surgical procedure for placing central venous access devices was nule and that surgical complications were few(AU)

Sistema de acceso subcutáneo vascular central permanente con reservorio en pacientes oncológicos. Complicaciones quirúrgicas / Permanent central venous subcutaneous access devices with reservoir in oncological patients. Surgical complications

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de determinar las complicaciones quirúrgicas en 60 pacientes consecutivos a los que se implantaron sistemas de accesos subcutáneos venosos centrales en nuestra institución (Port-a-Cath®), teniendo en cuenta edad, sexo, enfermedad oncológica y vasos abordados. Se registró 8,33 por ciento de complicaciones atribuibles a cirugía: hematomas posoperatorios, necrosis del bolsillo quirúrgico, mala posición del catéter en el vaso venoso y pérdida de derecho a domicilio del bolsillo quirúrgico. Nuestro estudio muestra que la mortalidad en el procedimiento quirúrgico para colocar sistemas de accesos subcutáneos vasculares centrales es nula y que las complicaciones quirúrgicas son pocas(AU)

A retrospective study was made to determine surgical complications in 60 consecutive patients in whom central subcutaneous venous access devices were implanted in our institution (Port–a-Carth®), taking age, sex, oncological disease and approached vessels into consideration. Surgery-attributable complications amounted to 8,33 per cent: postoperative hematomes, surgical pocket necrosis, wrong placement of catheter in the vein and loss of place of the surgical pocket. Our study showed that mortality in this surgical procedure for placing central venous access devices was nule and that surgical complications were few(AU)

Cardiovascular fitness in adolescents: the influence of sexual maturation status-the AVENA and EYHS studies.

The purposes were: (1) to determine the influence of sexual maturation status and body composition by comparing cardiovascular fitness (CVF) level in two adolescent populations from the south and the north of Europe; (2) to describe the associations between CVF and sexual maturation status in adolescence. A total of 1,867 Spanish adolescents from the AVENA study and 472 from the Swedish part of the EYHS were selected for this report (aged 14-16 years). CVF (expressed by the maximal oxygen consumption) was estimated from 20 m shuttle run test in the AVENA study and from a maximal ergometer cycle test in the EYHS. Sexual maturation status was classified according to Tanner stages. Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated from skinfold thicknesses. Expressing CVF in different ways (in absolute value and in relation to weight or fat free mass; FFM) resulted in two different results with regard to CVF interpretation and comparison between the study populations. A higher CVF, as expressed in relation to FFM, was observed in the Spanish when compared to Swedish adolescents (P = 0.001). However, after adjusting for both sexual maturation status and BF%, the difference disappeared in males, while it remained significant in females (P = 0.001). CVF was negatively associated with sexual maturation status in males (P = 0.001). However, after adjusting for BF%, the association disappeared in males, while it was significant in females (P = 0.05). These results suggest that for CVF comparisons and interpretation in adolescent populations, sexual maturation status and BF%, as well as the way to express the CVF, should be taken into account.

[Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)]. / El perfil lipídico-metabólico en los adolescentes está más influido por la condición física que por la actividad física (estudio AVENA).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles. METHODS: From a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0-18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose. RESULTS: No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid-metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid-metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid-metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities are associated with adiposity in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physical activity, sedentary activities, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness are related to waist circumference in adolescents, as previously reported in adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study subjects were a representative sample of Spanish adolescents (N = 2859; 1357 boys, 1502 girls; age, 13 to 18.5 years), all of whom were involved in the AVENA (Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents) study. BMI, waist circumference, pubertal maturation status, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured in all. Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary activities, active commuting to school, and socioeconomic status were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: No relationship was found between leisure-time physical activity and BMI or waist circumference. In contrast, and in both boys and girls and after adjustment for confounding variables, cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be inversely associated with waist circumference and BMI, independent of sedentary activities or physical activity (p < or = 0.001). The maximum oxygen consumption explained 13% of the variance in waist circumference in boys and 16% in girls. Sedentary activities were independently and directly related to waist circumference in both boys and girls (p < or = 0.05) and to BMI in boys (p < or = 0.05). Sedentary activities explained 10% of the variance in waist circumference in boys and 18% in girls. The BMI-adjusted waist circumference was inversely correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight-obese boys (p < or = 0.05) and showed a trend toward significance in girls (p < or = 0.1). DISCUSSION: Both moderate to high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities, but not physical activity, are associated with lower abdominal adiposity, as measured by waist circumference.