ABSTRACT
New non-toxic fixative for biological material is patented, that is based on aqueous solutions solutions of bivalent copper cations. Optimal molarity of fixative solution (0.2 M) was established experimentally. The method proposed is selective in demonstration of tissue structures using Bielschowsky-Gros impregnation of material by silver nitrate.
Subject(s)
Brain/cytology , Copper/chemistry , Fixatives/chemistry , Liver/cytology , Animals , Cations, Divalent/chemistry , Histological Techniques/methods , Rats , Silver Nitrate/chemistry , Solutions , WaterABSTRACT
A method for preparing antigenic hydrosol diagnostic agent for hydrosol agglutination test is suggested. Efficiencies of hydrosol agglutination and passive hemagglutination tests in detection of antibodies to salmonella are compared. Arbitrary diagnostic titers are determined, diagnostic value of hydrosol agglutination test is assessed, time course of accumulation of specific antibodies is traced, and optimal terms of serological diagnosis of salmonellosis in patients of different age are determined.
Subject(s)
Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Agglutination Tests , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Serologic Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Diagnostic value of enzyme immunoassays and immunoagglutination kits based on monoclonal antibodies ICO 25 was investigated. Antigen CAg 25 occurred in minimal quantities (5 micrograms/ml maximum) or was absent in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis or free of pulmonary affection. The concentration 9-19 micrograms/ml was registered in epidermoid bronchial cancer and peripheral lung cancer. It is stated that test systems able to detect a new antigen CAg 25 in BAL are diagnostically significant.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Agglutination Tests , Asthma/diagnosis , Bronchitis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Evaluation Studies as Topic , HumansABSTRACT
Literature containing a number of data on the problem of the loss of activity of adsorbed ligands in the heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay has been analyzed. This analysis has demonstrated that this process is the superposition of the processes of both denaturation and oxidation of the adsorbed ligand, as well as its desorption from the surface of the plate. The proofs of both denaturation and desorption increments of the process of activity loss are presented. Attempts at the theoretical calculations of desorption components with the use of the concept and parameters of the solubility of plastic and dipeptides have been successfully made. Some ways for decreasing the loss of activity of solid-phase antigens (antibodies) have been outlined.
Subject(s)
Immunoenzyme Techniques/instrumentation , Ligands , Adsorption , Antibodies/chemistry , Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry , Antigens/chemistry , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Humans , SolubilityABSTRACT
The practical aspects of the theory of the adsorption of bioligands on the plastic surface have been considered and discussed. The possibility of standardizing polystyrene plates, as well as obtaining plates with the predetermined level of adsorption activity with respect to given antigens (antibodies), has been shown with the use of the patented technology for the modification of polystyrene plates. The data on the adsorption of antigens used as an experimental model (human and rabbit immunoglobulin fractions) are presented, and an increase in adsorption activity has been shown with the use of modified plates. For practical confirmation, some examples of using these plates in actual assay systems intended for the evaluation of HBsAg carriership and antibodies to HIV are given. A considerable increase (2- to 10-fold) of the signal from positive samples has been shown to occur, the signal from negative samples remaining practically unchanged.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques/instrumentation , Polystyrenes , Adsorption , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Evaluation Studies as Topic , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV-1/immunology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Measles virus/immunology , RabbitsABSTRACT
Some practical aspects of the theory of adsorption of bioligands on plastic surfaces have been considered and discussed. Modifications of experimental and actual antigens (antibodies) have been theoretically and practically realized on the concept of "solubility parameters" by means of pin-point hydrophobization. The use of this method has been shown to increase the sensitivity of individual ELISA systems based on rabbit and mouse immunoglobulins 1.5- to 2-fold; the sensitivity of the assay system for the evaluation of HBsAg increases 8- to 10-fold. Theoretical calculations making it possible to map out the ways to further increase the sensitivity of different ELISA systems are given.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/chemistry , Antigens/chemistry , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques/instrumentation , Adsorption , Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Humans , Mice , Polystyrenes , Rabbits , Sensitivity and Specificity , SolubilityABSTRACT
An attempt to use the method of the complete advisability function for the evaluation of the quality of plates and their standardization in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been made. Correlations have been empirically established, thus making it possible to calculate the optimum proportions of different ELISA factors: the dose of the antigen (antibody) and the time of sorption, which ensures the best ELISA results with a given type of plates.
Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/statistics & numerical data , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Polystyrenes , Quality Control , Statistics as Topic/methodsABSTRACT
The possibility of increasing the sorption activity of polystyrene plates with an initially low capacity for sorption has been shown. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of the process of physical modification have been ascertained. The empirical formula for achieving the highest degree of the sorption activity of plates by their definite exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been obtained.
