Anthropometric and dietary differences among Mexican older adults with and without adequate body image perception.

OBJECTIVE: We compared anthropometric and dietary indicators between groups of older Mexican adults with accurate or inaccurate body image perception (BIP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 201 older adults (age ≥ 60 years) of both sexes who completed the Stunkard scale for BIP, which consists of nine silhouettes with an equivalent of body mass index (BMI) status, then, the accuracy with their real BMI was calculated and reported energy and macronutrient intake through a 24-h dietary recall directed by different geriatric centers in Colima, Mexico. Basic anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed. RESULTS: We found that 71.1% of the older adults had inaccurate BIP; 66.6% underestimated their body mass and 4.5% overestimated their body mass, the other 28.9% hat accurate BIP. The overall concordance between the real nutritional status and BIP was poor (kappa coefficient = 0.03). The inaccurate BIP group had a significantly higher mean body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and arm and calf circumference compared to the accurate BIP group (p < .001); only 4.3% of the older adults who were overweight and 6.2% who were obese had an accurate BIP. Regarding dietary consumption, we found significant differences only in energy and carbohydrate intake between the two groups. Finally, excess body fat was associated with an inaccurate BIP (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.5). CONCLUSION: In older adults, an inaccurate BIP is generally associated with high anthropometric values and less than adequate dietary intake.

Effects of chronic caffeine administration on blood glucose levels and on glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of chronic caffeine use on risk reduction and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In this 60-day study, five groups of 11 healthy male Wistar rats were selected to receive one of four doses (37.5, 56.2, 75.0 or 93.0 mg/kg per day) of caffeine orally or no caffeine (control). The effect of caffeine on glycaemia and glucose tolerance was evaluated. After 15 days, each group was treated with 60 mg/kg of streptozotocine to induce diabetes mellitus, and glycaemia and glucose tolerance were assessed for a further 45 days. RESULTS: In nondiabetic rats, caffeine had no effect on blood glucose. Compared with controls, the fasting blood glucose levels declined significantly in two caffeine-treated groups (93.0 mg/kg per day and 56.2 mg/kg per day) during the first 15 days following diabetes induction. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved 120 min after glucose loading in all caffeine-treated groups. The mean ± SE half-maximal effective concentration of caffeine was 35.79 ± 2.44 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose levels decreased, and glucose tolerance improved, in diabetic rats administered increasing doses of caffeine.

[2 cases of acute cholestasis caused by ticlopidine]. / Due casi di colestasi acuta da ticlopidina.

We report the case of two patients suffered from cholestatic jaundice occurred 3-4 weeks after starting ticlopidine therapy. In both cases the diagnosis was made by ruling out any other known cause of acute hepatitis or cholestasis. One patient underwent liver biopsy, which showed a typical intralobular cholestatic pattern and a slight lymphocytic infiltration of the portal tracts. The other patient, a 29 year-old woman, was taking ticlopidine as the sole drug, further to an ischemic stroke occurred while she was taking oral contraceptives; she presented a diffuse itchy dermatitis, fever and slight eosinophilia besides cholestasis. In both patients ticlopidine was discontinued and liver tests returned to normal values within 4-8 weeks; no rechallenge was attempted and ticlopidine was replaced with another antiplatelet drug. To the best of our knowledge 19 cases of ticlopidine-related cholestatic disease have been described so far in the literature. Its pathogenesis is still unknown, although some clinical findings and experimental results from patients with acute enteropathy or agranulocytosis induced by ticlopidine suggest that the drug may act through a toxic mechanism, perhaps mediated by prostaglandins.