Bacteria associated with the in hospite Symbiodiniaceae's phycosphere.

Symbiotic interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria are still poorly explored, especially those in hospite. Here, we adapted a technique that allows for the enrichment of intact and metabolically active in hospite Symbiodiniaceae cells (ihSC) and their associated bacteria from the tissue of the model coral Pocillopora damicornis, using a discontinuous gradient of solution of isotonic Percoll (SIP). The ihSC were concentrated in the 50% SIP fraction, as determined by microscopy. The presence of bacteria associated with ihSC was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, while microbiome analysis indicated that bacteria of the families Halieaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Alcanivoraceae are significantly associated with ihSC. Extracellular vesicles that could be exuding molecules were detected on the symbiosome membranes. Our technique and data contribute to elucidate ihSC-bacteria interactions.

Species-specific relationships between deep sea sponges and their symbiotic Nitrosopumilaceae.

Sponges thrive in the deep, dark and nutrient-depleted ocean and may rely on microbial symbionts for carbon acquisition and energy generation. However, these symbiotic relationships remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyze the microbiome of deep-sea sponges and show that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the family Nitrosopumilaceae make up at least 75% of the microbial communities of the sponges Aphrocallistes sp., Farrea sp. and Paratimea sp.. Given the known autotrophic metabolism of AOAs, this implies that these sponge holobionts can have the capacity for primary production in the deep-sea. We also show that specific AOA lineages are highly specific towards their hosts, hinting towards an unprecedent vertical transmission of these symbionts in deep-sea sponges. Our results show that the ecology and evolution of symbiotic relationships in deep-sea sponge is distinct from that of their shallow-water counterparts.

Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality.

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we conducted omics analyses on the coral Mussismilia hispida exposed to bleaching conditions in a long-term mesocosm experiment and inoculated with a selected BMC consortium or a saline solution placebo. All corals were affected by heat stress, but the observed "post-heat stress disorder" was mitigated by BMCs, signified by patterns of dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation, lipid maintenance, and coral host transcriptional reprogramming of cellular restructuration, repair, stress protection, and immune genes, concomitant with a 40% survival rate increase and stable photosynthetic performance by the endosymbiotic algae. This study provides insights into the responses that underlie probiotic host manipulation. We demonstrate that BMCs trigger a dynamic microbiome restructuring process that instigates genetic and metabolic alterations in the coral host that eventually mitigate coral bleaching and mortality.

Desempenho visual após implante de uma lente intraocular asférica multifocal difrativa / Visual performance after implantation of an aspheric multifocal diffractive intraocular lens

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acuidade visual a distancia, intermediária e perto após o implante de uma lente intraocular (LIO) asférica multifocal difrativa AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 50 pacientes com catarata submetidos à facoemulsificação e implante de LIO AcrySof® ReSTOR®. Foram avaliados acuidade visual sem correção (AVSC), acuidade visual com correção (AVCC) para longe, acuidade visual para perto corrigida para longe (AVPC) e acuidade visual intermediária corrigida para longe (AVIC). Um questionário de satisfação e fenômenos visuais foi administrado ao final do estudo. RESULTADO: Após três meses de cirurgia, a média das acuidades (logMAR) era: AVSC, 0,05 ± 0,07; AVCC, 0,00 ± 0,01; AVPC, 0,00 ± 0,0, e AVIC, 0,15 ± 0,05. A AVCC e AVPC era de 20/25 ou melhor em todos os pacientes, sendo a AVIC J3 ou melhor em 83 por cento dos pacientes. Pacientes relataram excelente desempenho visual nas questões relacionadas a atividades para distância, intermediário, e perto com pouca ou nenhuma dificuldade. Nenhum paciente relatou halos ou 'glare' severos, sendo os mesmos caracterizados entre nenhum a moderado. CONCLUSÃO: A LIO asférica AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1 mostrou excelentes resultados na visão para longe, perto e intermediário, além de apresentar uma baixa incidência de fenômenos visuais.

PURPOSE: To evaluate distance, intermediate, and near vision after aspheric multifocal diffractive AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1 intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: Prospective study of 50 patients with cataract that had phacoemulsification and AcrySof® ReSTOR® IOL implantation. Uncorrected distance vision acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) were measured postoperatively. A patient-satisfaction and visual phenomena questionnaire was administered at the end of the study. RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, the mean acuities (logMAR) were: UCDV, 0,05 ± 0,07; CDVA, 0,00 ± 0,01; DCNVA, 0,00 ± 0,0, and AVIC, 0,15 ± 0,05. The CDVA and DCNVA were 20/25 or better in all patients, with DCIVA of J3 or better in 83 percent of the patients. Patients reported good performance for distance, intermediate, and near visual tasks with no or minimal difficulty with specific tasks. No patient reported severe visual phenomena; halos and glare were rated as none to moderate. CONCLUSION: The aspheric IOL AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1 provide good functional vision at far, intermediate, and near distance, and a low incidence of visual disturbances.