In-house three-dimensional printing for surgical planning: learning curve from a case series of temporomandibular joint and related disorders.

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models can improve the understanding of the structural anatomic changes in cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and pseudoankylosis leading to closed jaw locking. Their use in pre-surgical planning and intraoperative guidance has been reported, contributing to the predictability and success of these surgery procedures, which can be quite complex, especially in small animal patients. The use and production of 3D tools and models remain challenging and are so far limited to institutions with high (economical and human) resources. This study aims to propose simplified workflows using open-source software to facilitate an in-house 3D printing process. To illustrate this, three cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and one of pseudoankylosis were reviewed, where in-house 3D printed models were used for client communication and surgical management. The 3D models were segmented from computed tomography and printed via stereolithography. They were used to support discussion with clients (n = 4), to allow surgeons to pre-surgical plan and practice (n = 4) and for intraoperative guidance during surgery (n = 2). Surgical cutting guides were produced in one case to improve precision and define more accurately osteotomy lines. It is essential to consider the initial time and financial investment required for establishing an in-house 3D printing production, particularly when there is a need to produce biocompatible tools, such as surgical cutting guides. However, efficient and streamlined workflows encourage the integration of this technology, by accelerating the printing process and reducing the steep learning curves, while open-source software enhances accessibility to these resources.

Malocclusion in cats associated with mandibular soft tissue trauma: a retrospective case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether an association existed between cephalometric measurements, maxillomandibular dental arch distances and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the mandibular soft tissues of cats. METHODS: Cats that had presented for dental consultations and that underwent cone-beam CT during diagnostic assessment were included in the study and categorised as cases and controls in a 1:2 ratio. Cases were designated as cats with a clinical diagnosis of malocclusion causing trauma to the buccal mandibular soft tissues or pyogenic granuloma secondary to the trauma, and controls were designated as cats with the absence of such diagnoses and without a history of other musculoskeletal anomalies in the head. Cephalometric measurements, including skull and facial indexes, as well as distances and angulations between dental crowns and crown tips, were calculated and analysed statistically. RESULTS: In total, 72 cats (24 cases and 48 controls) were included in the study. Cephalometric measurements revealed a significant association between the skull and facial indexes and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the caudal teeth. Brachycephaly was a strong predictor of the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions. In addition, the space between crown tips and teeth angulations was a contributing factor to the trauma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cats with traumatic malocclusions in the cheek teeth tend to present a narrower interdental space between the maxillary and mandibular carnassial teeth, mostly attributed to skeletal and dental malocclusion. These findings can be used to help raise awareness about this disease in cats and its association with brachycephaly. Cut-off values have been proposed and could be used in the selection of cats by breeders to reduce the occurrence of this disease.

Placebo-Controlled Trial of Daily Oral Cannabidiol as Adjunctive Treatment for Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis.

A placebo-controlled study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of a commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) oral formulation as an adjunctive treatment for pain management for feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS). CBD was included in a multimodal treatment routinely performed on client-owned cats with FCGS that were submitted to dental extractions. Twenty-two cats were consecutively included in the study. The first group was treated using a fixed dosage of 4 mg per cat every 12 h for 15 consecutive days, and the second received a placebo of similar features. Treatments began 2 h before dental extractions. Pain and disease severity were assessed at days 0 and 15 using the Composite Oral Pain Scale (COPS-C/F) and the Stomatitis Disease Activity Index score (SDAI). Weight, vital and biochemistry parameters, and analgesic reinforcement needs were also registered at the same time points. In the treated cats, blood was collected after 4, 8, and 12 h to determine CBD serum concentrations using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). After data analysis using mixed models, a significant improvement in the SDAI scores of cats medicated with CBD was found. The protocol is safe since severe adverse effects and biochemical changes were not observed during the treatment period. This study suggests that the cats benefited from this treatment.

A Retrospective Study of Ectopic Eruption in 35 Dogs.

Ectopic eruption results from a disturbance in tooth development and eruption, leading to an erupted or non-erupted tooth being in an unexpected anatomical location. This retrospective case series describes the location, position, form, and clinical signs associated with ectopic eruption in dogs. Thirty-five dogs (46 teeth) were diagnosed with ectopic eruption at three clinical practices during 2017-2020. The cases were described in terms of the location, the development and eruption status, the clinical signs, the consequences, and the treatment performed. The collected data were statistically analyzed to establish possible ramifications. The results showed that the ectopic eruption in the evaluated cases involved permanent teeth, mainly located in the maxilla, and mostly unerupted. Those located in the mandible were significantly more impacted than those located in the maxilla. This study concluded that tooth crowding and malocclusion (39.1%), facial swelling (8.6%), and periodontal disease (8.6%) were associated with the presence of ectopic eruption, and consequently, treatment was required in the majority (65.2%) of cases.

A case report of leishmaniosis with primary oral manifestation in a cat.

A case of leishmaniosis with primary oral manifestations was reported in a 10-year-old neutered domestic shorthair cat. The primary lesion was a maxillary nodular lesion, painful with spontaneous bleeding associated with advanced periodontal disease, which did not resolve with tooth extraction or periodontal treatment. Biopsy revealed chronic neutrophilic and macrophagic infections and amastigote forms of Leishmania sp and molecular tests were able to identify Leishmania infantum. Oral signs resolved after the initiation of etiologic treatment with allopurinol. Distinguishing oral signs of leishmaniosis from other oral inflammatory diseases is important, especially in endemic areas, and co-infections must be considered with any oral manifestations of this disease.

Case report: Post-surgical complication in a case of urethral duplication in a dog.

Urethral duplication is a rare anomaly observed in veterinary medicine. The surgical techniques described therein are associated with an uneventful recovery. The authors describe a major surgical complication after the correction of urethral duplication in a 2-year-old male Yorkshire terrier. After surgical correction using the perineal approach, the patient developed pollakiuria and urinary retention due to a valve effect caused by the remnant of the dorsal opening of the ectopic urethra. A second procedure, using an abdominopelvic approach, successfully corrected the complication by intraluminal correction of the dorsal urethral wall.

A case of a congenital umbilicobiliary fistula associated with gallbladder agenesis in a dog.

Congenital biliary tree malformations are rarely described in the veterinary field. A congenital umbilicobiliary fistula associated with gallbladder agenesis was reported here for the first time in a 1-year-old male French bulldog. After contrast study, abdominal ultrasound, and histopathology, we concluded that the umbilicobiliary fistula was an aberrant duct that originated directly from the expected location of the cystic duct and gallbladder. The clinical case was treated surgically through ligation and excision of the aberrant duct before entering the common bile duct. The recovery and long-term follow-up were uneventful. The pathophysiology of biliary congenital malformations is discussed, along with clinical considerations that should be considered in similar future cases.

As malformações congênitas da árvore biliar são raramente descritas na veterinária. Uma fístula umbilicobiliar congênita associada à agenesia da vesícula biliar foi relatada aqui pela primeira vez em um buldogue francês macho de 1 ano de idade. Após estudo contrastado, ultrassonografia abdominal e histopatologia, concluímos que a fístula umbilicobiliar era um ducto aberrante que se originava diretamente da localização esperada do ducto cístico e da vesícula biliar. O caso clínico foi tratado cirurgicamente através da ligadura e excisão do ducto aberrante antes de entrar no ducto colédoco. A recuperação e o acompanhamento a longo prazo transcorreram sem intercorrências. A fisiopatologia das malformações congênitas biliares é discutida, juntamente com considerações clínicas que devem ser consideradas em casos futuros semelhantes.

Skeletal-dental features in 33 bull terrier dogs.

BACKGROUND: The Bull terrier breed has been reported in the veterinary literature to suffer frequent dental and skeletal malocclusions. In this retrospective case series, we report skeletal-dental anomalies in a group of 33 Bull terriers presented for a dental consultation. RESULTS: Out of 33 dogs examined, 24 cases had full mouth radiography or Cone-beam computed tomography performed. Eruption and development abnormalities observed were as follows: hypodontia in 54.1% (13/24), eruption changes in 29.2% (7/24), and tooth shape abnormalities in 33.3% (8/24). All dogs presented with some type of dental or skeletal malocclusion: neutroclusion was the most common (66.7% of the animals), followed by mandibular mesioclusion (18.8%), maxillo-mandibular asymmetry (9.4%), and mandibular distoclusion (6.3%). Dental abnormalities noted included rotation of mandibular and maxillary premolar teeth, distal displacement of the incisor teeth, lingual displacement of the mandibular canine teeth, and absence of mandibular premolar and molar teeth. Lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth was associated with malocclusion causing trauma (odds ratio 7.1, 95% confidence interval [1.4 to 36.1], p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusions and tooth shape abnormalities were found to be the most frequent finding in this group of Bull terriers. Although these findings cannot be generalized to the global population further studies are needed to observe the true expression of these anomalies in the general breed population.

CT characterisation and classification of feline temporomandibular joint trauma: a case series of 79 cats.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterise and describe patterns of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries occurring in cats using CT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in adherence with the STROBE guidelines. Among the medical and CT records of 79 cats, 158 TMJs were reviewed in a collaborative study between six institutions. RESULTS: TMJ injuries were most commonly unilateral, representing 70.9% of cases. The mandibular condyle was fractured in 88 cases (55.7%) of the 158 TMJs observed. Of those, 84.0% were intra-articular condyle fractures, with the medial half of the mandibular condyle over-represented. Luxations occurred in 32.9% of cases, which was 19.0% of all evaluated TMJs. Rostrodorsal luxations were most common representing 87.0% of all luxations. Temporal bone fractures were observed in 30.4% of all cases, which was 18.4% of TMJs. The majority of fractures were of an unknown cause. When the cause was determined, road traffic accident (RTA) was the most frequent, followed by animal interaction, other external forces (sharp or blunt force) and high-rise trauma. Bilateral injuries were 13.1 times more likely to occur in high-rise trauma (P = 0.01) and temporal bone fracture was significantly associated with RTAs (P = 0.016). No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury and the resulting TMJ injury pattern. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Various TMJ injury patterns can occur in cats as a result of trauma. Intra-articular fractures of the medial half of the mandibular condyle occur most commonly. Although unilateral injuries are more frequent, high-rise trauma tends to present with bilateral lesions. Further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to better understand TMJ patterns of injury and how they relate to possible causes.

A Case Series Analysis of Dental Extractions' Outcome in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis Carrying Retroviral Disease.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome after dental extractions of cats with FCGS infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A retrospective case series included cats with diagnosis of FCGS, availability of detailed clinical records, full-mouth dental radiographs, and retroviral disease test results. Effectiveness of surgical treatment (EOT) was registered. Three groups were defined: control, FIV and FeLV. In this study, 111 cats were included: 60 controls, 29 FIV- and 22 FeLV-positive cats. When compared with control cases, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less proliferative stomatitis lesions, and they tended to have more lingual ulcers. Concurrently, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less tooth resorptive lesions. No other significant differences in FCGS clinical signs were found between groups. FeLV-positive cats had a significantly worse outcome after dental extractions compared to the other groups. In fact, FeLV-positive cats had 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement after dental extractions. This study concludes that the response to dental extractions in FeLV-positive cats is significantly worse, when comparing to cats that do not carry retroviral disease. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the effect of FeLV status on the prognosis of these cats.

Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans.

Preclinical studies in rodent models have been a pivotal role in human clinical research, but many of them fail in the translational process. Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs have the potential to bridge the gap between preclinical models and human clinical trials. Their natural occurrence in an immunocompetent system overcome the limitations of preclinical rodent models. Due to its reasonable cellular, molecular, and genetic homology to humans, the pet dog represents a valuable model to accelerate the translation of preclinical studies to clinical trials in humans, actually with benefits for both species. Moreover, their unique genetic features of breeding and breed-related mutations have contributed to assess and optimize therapeutics in individuals with different genetic backgrounds. This review aims to outline four main immunotherapy approaches - cancer vaccines, adaptive T-cell transfer, antibodies, and cytokines -, under research in veterinary medicine and how they can serve the clinical application crosstalk with humans.

Comparative morphometry of the temporomandibular joint in brachycephalic and mesocephalic cats using multislice CT and cone beam CT.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyse and compare morphometric measurements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in two groups of cats with brachycephalic and mesocephalic craniofacial skull conformations using multislice CT and cone beam CT. METHODS: CT records of 20 cats without TMJ pathology were included in the study, and were divided into two groups according to those with mesocephalic or brachycephalic skull conformation. Width and depth of the mandibular fossa, width and height of the head of the mandible, and two different angles were measured in 40 TMJs. RESULTS: TMJ conformation differed between groups: 3/6 parameters were statistically different. Brachycephalic cats had a significantly narrower mandibular fossa, a shorter head of the mandible and a wider angle of congruence (angle 2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results provide morphometric measurements that can serve as a reference tool for the veterinary radiologist and surgeon when TMJ evaluation is necessary. Moreover, the study identified significant differences between the two craniofacial skull conformations.

Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study.

Maxillectomy is poorly described for the management of oral tumours in cats and is occasionally not recommended because of the high complication rate and sub-optimal outcome reported in cats treated with mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications and oncologic outcome in cats treated with maxillectomy. Sixty cats were included in the study. Maxillectomy procedures included unilateral rostral (20.0%), bilateral rostral (23.3%), segmental (10.0%), caudal (20.0%) and total unilateral maxillectomy (26.7%). Intra-operative and post-operative complications were reported in 10 (16.7%) and 34 (56.7%) cats, respectively. The most common post-operative complications were hyporexia (20.0%) and incisional dehiscence (20.0%). The median duration of hyporexia was 7 days. Benign tumours were diagnosed in 19 cats (31.7%) and malignant tumours in 41 cats (68.3%). Local recurrence and metastatic rates were 18.3% and 4.9%, respectively; the median progression-free interval (PFI) was not reached. The disease-related median survival time was not reached overall or for either benign or malignant tumours. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were, respectively, 100% and 79% for cats with benign tumours, 89% and 89% for cats with malignant tumours, 94% and 94% for cats with fibrosarcomas, 83% and 83% for cats with squamous cell carcinomas, and 80% and 80% for cats with osteosarcomas. Poor prognostic factors included mitotic index for PFI, adjuvant chemotherapy for both PFI and survival time, and local recurrence for survival time. Maxillectomy is a viable treatment option for cats resulting in good local tumour control and long survival times.

A pilot study to evaluate the serum Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein response in cats suffering from feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

BACKGROUND: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease that can lead to chronic pain, anorexia, and weight loss and has substantial health and welfare effects. Currently, the recommended treatment includes dental extractions to decrease the inflammatory stimulation associated with dental plaque. However, complete remission is observed in less than half of the cases, and the majority need comprehensive medical management. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of the acute phase protein alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in cats with FCGS and to examine whether dental extractions contribute to a significant decrease in the systemic inflammatory response at two postoperative time points. RESULTS: AGP serum concentrations in the cats with FCGS were significantly higher at all time points than that in the control groups and were significantly correlated with the global caudal stomatitis score at day 0 but not at day 30 or 60. A significant improvement of some clinical scores, such as perceived comfort and global caudal stomatitis, was observed 60 days after the dental extraction. However, the levels of AGP did not significantly change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Cats with FCGS were more likely to have a systemic inflammatory response compared with age- and dental disease-matched controls. Dental extractions, in most cases, did not contribute to a significant decrease of AGP both at 30 and 60 days. Therefore, this study reinforces the need to pursue comprehensive medical management after dental extractions to attenuate the systemic inflammatory response as a result of this disease.

Cloacal malformation in a 5-month-old male dog.

A case of a developmental cloacal anomaly is described in a 5-month-old male puppy. The animal had a unique combination of anomalies: confluence of the urethra and rectum into a common tract with a single perineal opening, atresia ani, and 3 genital anomalies, namely, a perineal hypospadias, penile hypoplasia with ventroflexural curvature, and a scrotal cleft. Surgical correction was successful, with fecal continence maintained and no urinary tract infections occurring during long-term follow-up.

Malformation cloacale chez un chiot mâle âgé de cinq mois. Un cas de développement cloacal anormal est décrit chez un chiot mâle âgé de cinq mois. L'animal avait une combinaison unique d'anomalies : une confluence de l'urètre et du rectum dans un tractus commun avec une ouverture périnéale unique, une atrésie de l'anus, et trois anomalies génitales, à savoir, un hypospadias périnéal, une hypoplasie pénienne avec courbure ventroflexurale, et une fissure scrotale. La correction chirurgicale fut une réussite, avec la continence fécale maintenue et aucune infection du tractus urinaire se produisant durant le suivi à long terme.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Surgical Excision of an Adrenal Neuroblastoma in a Dog.

A 11-month-old, intact male, Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with signs of inappetence, lethargy, and abdominal pain for 3 days. A large and well-defined abdominal retroperitoneal mass, related with the left kidney, at the expected location of the adrenal gland, was revealed by radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography. The mass extended caudally to the iliac artery bifurcation, compressing the aorta, caudal vena cava, and both kidneys. Cytology findings were compatible with a malignant round cell tumor. The most probable diagnosis was neuroblastoma. Following a comprehensive discussion with the owners about a treatment plan, surgical excision was performed. Because a wide excision would compromise major vessels, excision was performed after careful dissection of the aorta and vena cava. The left kidney was removed because the proximal ureter could not be separated from the tumor. The animal recovered successfully. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, but the owners decided not to pursue any further treatment. Clinical signs of abdominal pain recurred within 1 month following surgery. Therefore, the animal was euthanized upon the owners' request. This report describes the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and follow-up of a dog with an abdominal peripheral neuroblastoma.

Retrospective Study of 18 Titanium Alloy Crowns Produced by Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Dogs.

Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology is routinely used in various fields of human dentistry, particularly prosthodontics. Reverse engineering and additive manufacturing allow the technician to create an easier, faster and more accurate restoration, with a natural design and adequate strength. Eighteen titanium alloy full crowns were produced for canine teeth of 7 working dogs using CAD/CAM technology (3D BioCare, Nobel Biocare). Reasons for crown therapy included abrasion, enamel infraction, and crown fracture. Crown preparation was routinely performed, and impressions were delivered to the laboratory where digital impressions were performed with a lab scanner. Using 3D dental design software, the metal crown was designed and sent for manufacture. Each prosthodontic crown was then carved from a solid titanium alloy block to obtain the final crown. All prosthodontic crowns were an adequate fit, and cementation was routinely performed. Crowns were lost from 2 canine teeth during the dogs' normal working activity, in one case, for 2 times. In all cases, replicas were requested. In the first case, the second cementation was successful. In the second case, the second crown was again lost and only the third cementation was successful. Follow up of all cases range from 12 to 62 months. Mean survival time for the crowns was 58.0 months. Here, CAD/CAM technology is shown to be a useful tool for manufacturing accurate prosthodontic crowns for veterinary patients. Moreover, CAD/CAM enables the production of prosthodontic crown replicas in a very short time and at relatively low cost compared to traditional methods, consequently eliminating the need for at least one anesthetic procedure in the incidence of crown cementation failure.

Histologic evaluation of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes during staging of oral malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To assess histologic evaluation of mandibular lymph nodes (MLNs) and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRLNs) for metastatic disease during tumor staging for dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DESIGN: Retrospective multi-institutional study. ANIMALS: 27 dogs with OMM and 21 dogs with OSCC. PROCEDURES: Medical record databases of 8 institutions were searched to identify dogs with OMM or OSCC that underwent unilateral or bilateral extirpation of the MLNs and MRLNs during the same procedure between January 2004 and April 2016. Information extracted from the records included signalment, primary mass location and size, diagnostic imaging results, histologic results for the primary tumor and all lymph nodes evaluated, and whether distant metastasis developed. RESULTS: Prevalence of lymph node metastasis did not differ significantly between dogs with OMM (10/27 [37%]) and dogs with OSCC (6/21 [29%]). Distant metastasis was identified in 11 (41%) dogs with OMM and was suspected in 1 dog with OSCC. The MRLN was affected in 13 of 16 dogs with lymph node metastasis, and 3 of those dogs had metastasis to the MRLN without concurrent metastasis to an MLN. Metastasis was identified in lymph nodes contralateral to the primary tumor in 4 of 17 dogs that underwent contralateral lymph node removal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated histologic evaluation of only 1 MLN was insufficient to definitively rule out lymph node metastasis in dogs with OMM or OSCC; therefore, bilateral lymphadenectomy of the MLN and MRLN lymphocentra is recommended for such dogs.

Acute phase proteins in cats / Proteínas de fase aguda em gatos

ABSTRACT: Acute phase proteins (APP) are proteins synthesized and released largely by hepatocytes upon the occurrence of cell damage or invasion by microorganisms. This article reviews the use of APP in feline diseases, identifying their usefulness in the clinical setting, analyzing 55 published papers. Serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin are the indicators pointed out by the authors as useful in monitoring the acute inflammatory response in cats. Although, APP measurement is still not routinely used in veterinary medicine, together with clinical signs and other blood parameters, was of clinical interest and applicability in diseases such as feline infectious peritonitis, pancreatitis, renal failure, retroviral and Calicivirus infections. Although, there are commercially available kits for dosing feline APP, assay standardization aiming technical simplicity, more species specificity and with less associated costs will allow routine use in feline practice, as it is done in the human field.

RESUMO: As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) são proteínas sintetizadas e libertadas em grande parte por hepatócitos ao mesmo tempo da ocorrência de lesão celular ou invasão por microrganismos. Este artigo revê a utilização das PFA nas doenças do gato identificando a sua potencial utilidade no contexto clínico, analisando 55 artigos publicados. A amiloide sérica A, a alfa-1 glicoproteina ácida e a haptoblobina são os marcadores apontados pelos autores como úteis na monitorização da resposta aguda inflamatória nesta espécie. Embora o doseamento das PFA ainda não seja rotineiramente utilizado na medicina veterinária, o seu doseamento, em conjunto com sinais clínicos e outros meios complementares de diagnóstico, revelou interesse e aplicabilidade clínica em doenças tais como a peritonite infeciosa felina, pancreatite, insuficiência renal, infeções retrovirais e por Calicivírus. Apesar de existirem kits comercialmente disponíveis para dosear as PFA felinas, será necessária uma padronização de ensaios no sentido da melhoria da sua simplicidade técnica, da sua especificidade para o gato e com menores custos associados, para que sejam utilizados de forma rotineira, tal como são utilizados em medicina humana.

Oral and dental anomalies in purebred, brachycephalic Persian and Exotic cats.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in brachycephalic cats from various geographic regions and analyze potential relationships with oral disease. DESIGN Prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 50 purebred Persian (n = 42) and Exotic (8) cats. PROCEDURES Cats were anesthetized, and a complete dental examination, dental charting, 3-view oral photography, and full-mouth dental radiography were performed. RESULTS Malocclusions were observed in 36 (72%) cats. Crowding of the teeth was evident in 28 (56%) cats, with the incisors being most commonly affected. Malpositioned teeth were noted in 32 (64%) cats, with abnormal orientation being the most common anomaly followed by rotation and impaction. Numerical abnormalities were present in 38 (76%) cats, including 6 (12%) with hyperdontia and 32 (64%) with hypodontia. Periodontal disease was reported in 44 (88%) cats, and cats with periodontal disease were older than cats without. Tooth resorption was evident in 35 (70%) cats. Overall, 123 of 1,349 (8.7%) teeth had external inflammatory resorption and 82 (6.1%) had external replacement resorption. The premolar teeth were the teeth most commonly affected with inflammatory resorption, whereas the canine teeth were the teeth most commonly affected with replacement resorption. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that because of their brachycephaly, Persian and Exotic cats have unique oral and dental features that may predispose them to dental disease (eg, tooth resorption and periodontal disease). Knowledge of the particular dental anomalies common in brachycephalic cats could aid in early detection and mitigation of dental disease in these breeds.